sv3asr
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2007
Registration No. 333- ____
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form S-3
Registration Statement
Under
The Securities Act of 1933
PS Business Parks, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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California
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization)
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95-4300881
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
701 Western Avenue
Glendale, California 91201-2397
(818) 244-8080
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Joseph D. Russell, Jr.
President & Chief Executive Officer
PS Business Parks, Inc.
701 Western Avenue
Glendale, California 91201-2397
(818) 244-8080
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Stephanie Heim, Esq.
PS Business Parks, Inc.
701 Western Avenue
Glendale, California 91201-2397
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From time to time after the
effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. þ
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following
box. þ
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement pursuant to General
Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities
pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
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Amount to be
Registered (1) |
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Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Price Per
Share or
Per Unit
(1) |
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Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price (1) |
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Amount of
Registration Fee (1) |
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Common Stock, $.10 par value per share |
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Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per share |
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Depositary Shares Representing Interests in Preferred
Stock (2) |
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Equity Stock, $.01 par value per share |
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Depositary Shares Representing Interests in Equity
Stock (2) |
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Warrants |
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Debt Securities |
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Units (3) |
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(1) |
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An indeterminate aggregate initial offering price or number of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be offered at indeterminate
prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on
exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are represented by depositary
shares. In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r), the Registrant is paying a registration
fee of $30,700 at this time to register $1.0 billion of securities and deferring payment of
any other registration fees. |
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(2) |
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Each depositary share will be issued under a deposit agreement, will represent an interest in
a fractional share or multiple shares of preferred stock or equity stock and will be evidenced
by a depositary receipt. |
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(3) |
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Each unit will be issued under a unit agreement of indenture and will represent an interest in
two or more debt securities or warrants, which may or may not be separable from one another. |
PS Business Parks, Inc.
By this prospectus, we may offer
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Equity Stock
Depositary Shares
Warrants
Debt Securities
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We will provide the specific
terms of these securities in
supplements to this prospectus. You
should read this prospectus and the
supplements carefully before you
invest. |
Corporate Headquarters:
701 Western Avenue
Glendale, CA 91201-2397
(818) 244-8080
Our common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol PSB.
Investing in our securities involves risks. Please read Risk Factors beginning on page 1
for a discussion of material risks you should consider before you invest.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
regulator has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under this
prospectus or determined if this prospectus is accurate or adequate. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
February 28, 2007
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer
is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the
date on the front of those documents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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(i)
PS Business Parks, Inc. is a fully-integrated, self-advised and self-managed real estate
investment trust, or REIT, that acquires, develops, owns and operates commercial properties,
primarily multi-tenant flex, office and industrial space. As of December 31, 2006, PS Business
Parks, Inc. owned 74.5% of the common partnership units of PS Business Parks, L.P.,
which we refer to in this prospectus as the operating partnership. The remaining common
partnership units were owned by Public Storage, Inc. and its affiliated entities. PS Business
Parks, Inc., as the sole general partner of the operating partnership, has full, exclusive and
complete responsibility and discretion in managing and controlling the operating partnership.
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this
prospectus to the company, we, us, our and similar references mean PS Business Parks, Inc.
and its subsidiaries, including the operating partnership.
RISK FACTORS
Before investing in our securities, you should consider the following risks and detriments:
Public Storage has significant influence over us.
At December 31, 2006, Public Storage and its affiliates owned 25.4% of the outstanding shares
of our common stock and 25.5% of the outstanding common units of our operating partnership (100.0%
of the common units not owned by us). Assuming conversion of its partnership units, Public Storage
would own 44.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Also, Ronald L. Havner, Jr., our
Chairman of the Board, is also Chief Executive Officer, President and a Director of Public Storage
and Harvey Lenkin, one of our Directors, is also a Director of Public Storage. Consequently, Public
Storage has the ability to significantly influence all matters submitted to a vote of our
shareholders, including electing directors, changing our articles of incorporation, dissolving and
approving other extraordinary transactions such as mergers, and all matters requiring the consent
of the limited partners of the operating partnership. In addition, Public Storages ownership may
make it more difficult for another party to acquire us without Public Storages approval.
Provisions in our organizational documents may prevent changes in control.
Our articles generally prohibit owning more than 7% of our shares: Our articles of
incorporation restrict the number of shares that may be owned by any other person, and the
partnership agreement of our operating partnership contains an anti-takeover provision. No
shareholder (other than Public Storage and certain other specified shareholders) may own more than
7% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, unless our board of directors waives this
limitation. We imposed this limitation to avoid, to the extent possible, a concentration of
ownership that might jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. This limitation, however, also
makes a change of control much more difficult (if not impossible) even if it may be favorable to
our public shareholders. These provisions will prevent future takeover attempts not approved by
Public Storage even if a majority of our public shareholders consider it to be in their best
interests because they would receive a premium for their shares over the shares then market value
or for other reasons.
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Our board can set the terms of certain securities without shareholder approval: Our board of
directors is authorized, without shareholder approval, to issue up to 50.0 million shares of
preferred stock and up to 100.0 million shares of equity stock, in each case in one or more series.
Our board has the right to set the terms of each of these series of stock. Consequently, the board
could set the terms of a series of stock that could make it difficult (if not impossible) for
another party to take over our company even if it might be favorable to our public shareholders.
Our articles of incorporation also contain other provisions that could have the same effect. We can
also cause our operating partnership to issue additional interests for cash or in exchange for
property.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership restricts mergers: The partnership
agreement of our operating partnership generally provides that we may not merge or engage in a
similar transaction unless the limited partners of our operating partnership are entitled to
receive the same proportionate payments as our shareholders. In addition, we have agreed not to
merge unless the merger would have been approved had the limited partners been able to vote
together with our shareholders, which has the effect of increasing Public Storages influence over
us due to Public Storages ownership of operating partnership units. These provisions may make it
more difficult for us to merge with another entity.
Our operating partnership poses additional risks to us.
Limited partners of our operating partnership, including Public Storage, have the right to
vote on certain changes to the partnership agreement. They may vote in a way that is against the
interests of our shareholders. Also, as general partner of our operating partnership, we are
required to protect the interests of the limited partners of the operating partnership. The
interests of the limited partners and of our shareholders may differ.
We would incur adverse tax consequences if we fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our cash flow would be reduced if we fail to qualify as a REIT: While we believe that we have
qualified since 1990 to be taxed as a REIT, and will continue to be so qualified, we cannot be
certain. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we need to satisfy certain requirements under the
federal income tax laws relating to our income, assets, distributions to shareholders and
shareholder base. In this regard, the share ownership limits in our articles of incorporation do
not necessarily ensure that our shareholder base is sufficiently diverse for us to qualify as a
REIT. For any year we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be taxed at regular corporate tax rates
on our taxable income unless certain relief provisions apply. Taxes would reduce our cash available
for distributions to shareholders or for reinvestment, which could adversely affect us and our
shareholders. Also we would not be allowed to elect REIT status for five years after we fail to
qualify unless certain relief provisions apply.
We may need to borrow funds to meet our REIT distribution requirements: To qualify as a REIT,
we must generally distribute to our shareholders 90% of our taxable income. Our income consists
primarily of our share of our operating partnerships income. We intend to make sufficient
distributions to qualify as a REIT and otherwise avoid corporate tax. However, differences in
timing between income and expenses and the need to make nondeductible expenditures such as capital
improvements and principal payments on debt could force us to borrow funds to make necessary
shareholder distributions.
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Since we buy and operate real estate, we are subject to general real estate investment and
operating risks.
Summary of real estate risks: We own and operate commercial properties and are subject to the
risks of owning real estate generally and commercial properties in particular. These risks include:
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the national, state and local economic climate and real estate conditions, such as
oversupply of or reduced demand for space and changes in market rental rates; |
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how prospective tenants perceive the attractiveness, convenience and safety of our
properties; |
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difficulties in consummating and financing acquisitions and developments on
advantageous terms and the failure of acquisitions and developments to perform as expected; |
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our ability to provide adequate management, maintenance and insurance; |
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our ability to collect rent from tenants on a timely basis; |
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the expense of periodically renovating, repairing and reletting spaces; |
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compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other federal, state, and local
laws and regulations; |
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increasing operating costs, including real estate taxes, insurance and utilities, if
these increased costs cannot be passed through to tenants; |
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changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws; |
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increase in new commercial properties in our market; |
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tenant defaults and bankruptcies; |
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tenants right to sublease space; and |
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concentration of properties leased to non-rated private companies. |
Certain significant costs, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes, insurance and
maintenance, generally are not reduced even when a propertys rental income is reduced. In
addition, environmental and tax laws, interest rate levels, the availability of financing and other
factors may affect real estate values and property income. Furthermore, the supply of commercial
space fluctuates with market conditions.
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If our properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including any
debt service, tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, we may have
to borrow additional amounts to cover fixed costs, and we may have to reduce our distributions to
shareholders.
We may be unable to consummate acquisitions and developments on advantageous terms or
acquisitions and developments may fail to perform as expected: We continue to seek to acquire and
develop flex, industrial and office properties where they meet our criteria and we believe that
they will enhance our future financial performance and the value of our portfolio. Our belief,
however, is based on and is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are
forward-looking and are uncertain in nature or are beyond our control, including the risks that our
acquisitions and developments may not perform as expected, that we may be unable to quickly
integrate new acquisitions and developments into our existing operations and that any costs to
develop projects or redevelop acquired properties may exceed estimates. Further, we face
significant competition for suitable acquisition properties from other real estate investors,
including other publicly traded real estate investment trusts and private institutional investors.
As a result, we may be unable to acquire additional properties we desire or the purchase price for
desirable properties may be significantly increased. Moreover, some of these properties may have
unknown characteristics or deficiencies or may not complement our portfolio of existing properties.
In addition, we may finance future acquisitions and developments through a combination of
borrowings, proceeds from equity or debt offerings by us or the operating partnership, and proceeds
from property divestitures. These financing options may not be available when desired or required
or may be more costly than anticipated, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Real property
development is subject to a number of risks, including construction delays, complications in
obtaining necessary zoning, occupancy and other governmental permits, cost overruns, financing
risks, and the possible inability to meet expected occupancy and rent levels. If any of these
problems occur, development costs for a project may increase, and there may be costs incurred for
projects that are not completed. As a result of the foregoing, some properties may be worth less
or may generate less revenue than, or simply not perform as well as, we believed at the time of
acquisition or development. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our financial
condition, operating results and cash flow, and our ability to pay dividends on, and the market
price of, our stock.
We may encounter significant delays and expense in reletting vacant space, or we may not be
able to relet space at existing rates, in each case resulting in losses of income: When leases
expire, we will incur expenses in retrofitting space and we may not be able to release the space on
the same terms. Certain leases provide tenants with the right to terminate early. Our properties as
of December 31, 2006 generally have lower vacancy rates than the average for the markets in which
they are located, and leases accounting for 18.9% of our annual rental income expire in 2007. While
we have estimated our cost of renewing leases that expire in 2007, our estimates could be wrong. If
we are unable to release space promptly, if the terms are significantly less favorable than
anticipated or if the costs are higher, we may have to reduce our distributions to shareholders.
Tenant defaults and bankruptcies may reduce our cash flow and distributions: We may have
difficulty in collecting from tenants in default, particularly if they declare bankruptcy. This
could affect our cash flow and distributions to shareholders. Since many of our tenants are
non-rated private companies, this risk may be enhanced. Subsequent to December 31, 2006, a tenant
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occupying approximately 134,000 square feet defaulted on its lease. We are currently pursuing
legal action against the tenant and is uncertain of the outcome. While we historically have
experienced a low level of write-offs due to bankruptcy, there is inherent uncertainty in a
tenants ability to continue paying rent if they are in bankruptcy. As of December 31, 2006, we had
approximately 18,000 square feet occupied by a tenant protected by Chapter 11 of the U.S.
Bankruptcy Code. Given the historical uncertainty of a tenants ability to meet its lease
obligations, we will continue to reserve any income that would have been realized on a straight
line basis. From time to time, tenants have contacted us, requesting early termination of their
lease, reduction in space under lease, rent deferment or abatement. At this time, we cannot
anticipate what impact, if any, the ultimate outcome of these discussions will have on our
operating results.
We may be adversely affected by significant competition among commercial properties: Many
other commercial properties compete with our properties for tenants. Some of the competing
properties may be newer and better located than our properties. We also expect that new properties
will be built in our markets. Also, we compete with other buyers, many of which are larger than us,
for attractive commercial properties. Therefore, we may not be able to grow as rapidly as we would
like.
We may be adversely affected if casualties to our properties are not covered by insurance: We
carry insurance on our properties that we believe is comparable to the insurance carried by other
operators for similar properties. However, we could suffer uninsured losses or losses in excess of
policy limits for such occurrences such as earthquakes that adversely affect us or even result in
loss of the property. We might still remain liable on any mortgage debt or other unsatisfied
obligations related to that property.
The illiquidity of our real estate investments may prevent us from adjusting our portfolio to
respond to market changes: There may be delays and difficulties in selling real estate. Therefore,
we cannot easily change our portfolio when economic conditions change. Also, tax laws limit a
REITs ability to sell properties held for less than four years.
We may be adversely affected by changes in laws: Increases in income and service taxes may
reduce our cash flow and ability to make expected distributions to our shareholders. Our properties
are also subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and
local fire and safety codes. If we fail to comply with these requirements, governmental authorities
could fine us or courts could award damages against us. We believe our properties comply with all
significant legal requirements. However, these requirements could change in a way that would reduce
our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders.
We may incur significant environmental remediation costs: Under various federal, state and
local environmental laws, an owner or operator of real estate may have to clean spills or other
releases of hazardous or toxic substances on or from a property. Certain environmental laws impose
liability whether or not the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the hazardous
or toxic substances. In some cases, liability may exceed the value of the property. The presence of
toxic substances, or the failure to properly remedy any resulting contamination, may make it more
difficult for the owner or operator to sell, lease or operate its property or to borrow money using
its property as collateral. Future environmental laws may impose additional material liabilities on
us.
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We are affected by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires that access and use by disabled persons
of all public accommodations and commercial properties be facilitated. Existing commercial
properties must be made accessible to disabled persons. While we have not estimated the cost of
complying with this act, we do not believe the cost will be material. We have an ongoing program to
bring our properties into what we believe is compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
We depend on external sources of capital to grow our company.
We are generally required under the Internal Revenue Code to distribute at least 90% of our
taxable income. Because of this distribution requirement, we may not be able to fund future capital
needs, including any necessary building and tenant improvements, from operating cash flow.
Consequently, we may need to rely on third-party sources of capital to fund our capital needs. We
may not be able to obtain the financing on favorable terms or at all. Access to third-party sources
of capital depends, in part, on general market conditions, the markets perception of our growth
potential, our current and expected future earnings, our cash flow, and the market price per share
of our common stock. If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to
acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy any debt service obligations, or
make cash distributions to shareholders.
Our ability to control our properties may be adversely affected by ownership through partnerships
and joint ventures.
We own most of our properties through our operating partnership. Our organizational documents
do not prevent us from acquiring properties with others through partnerships or joint ventures.
This type of investment may present additional risks. For example, our partners may have interests
that differ from ours or that conflict with ours, or our partners may become bankrupt. During 2001,
we entered into a joint venture arrangement that held property subject to debt. This joint venture
has been liquidated and all debts paid; however, we may enter into similar arrangements with the
same partner or other partners.
We can change our business policies and increase our level of debt without shareholder approval.
Our board of directors establishes our investment, financing, distribution and our other
business policies and may change these policies without shareholder approval. Our organizational
documents do not limit our level of debt. A change in our policies or an increase in our level of
debt could adversely affect our operations or the price of our common stock.
We can issue additional securities without shareholder approval.
We can issue preferred equity, common stock and equity stock without shareholder approval.
Holders of preferred stock have priority over holders of common stock, and the issuance of
additional shares of stock reduces the interest of existing holders in our company.
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Increases in interest rates may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
One of the factors that influences the market price of our common stock is the annual rate of
distributions that we pay on our common stock, as compared with interest rates. An increase in
interest rates may lead purchasers of REIT shares to demand higher annual distribution rates, which
could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Shares that become available for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.
Substantial sales of our common stock, or the perception that substantial sales may occur,
could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As of December 31, 2006, Public
Storage owned 25.4% of the outstanding shares of our common stock (44.5% upon conversion of its
interest in our operating partnership). These shares, as well as shares of common stock held by
certain other significant shareholders, are eligible to be sold in the public market, subject to
compliance with applicable securities laws.
We depend on key personnel.
We depend on our key personnel, including Ronald L. Havner, Jr., our Chairman of the Board,
and Joseph D. Russell, Jr., our President and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of Mr. Havner, Mr.
Russell, or other key personnel could adversely affect our operations. We maintain no key person
insurance on our key personnel.
Terrorist attacks and the possibility of wider armed conflict may have an adverse impact on our
business and operating results and could decrease the value of our assets.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war, such as those that took place on
September 11, 2001, could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.
There can be no assurance that there will not be further terrorist attacks against the United
States or its businesses or interests. Attacks or armed conflicts that directly impact one or more
of our properties could significantly affect our ability to operate those properties and thereby
impair our operating results. Further, we may not have insurance coverage for all losses caused by
a terrorist attack. Such insurance may not be available, or if it is available and we decide to
obtain such terrorist coverage, the cost for the insurance may be significant in relationship to
the risk overall. In addition, the adverse effects that such violent acts and threats of future
attacks could have on the U.S. economy could similarly have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations. Finally, further terrorist acts could cause the United States
to enter into a wider armed conflict which could further impact our business and operating results.
Change in taxation of corporate dividends may adversely affect the value of our shares.
The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, enacted on May 28, 2003, generally
reduces to 15% the maximum marginal rate of federal tax payable by individuals on dividends
received from a regular C corporation. This reduced tax rate, however, does not apply to dividends
paid to individuals by a REIT on its shares except for certain limited amounts. The earnings of a
REIT that are distributed to its shareholders are still generally subject to less federal income
taxation on an aggregate basis than earnings of a non-REIT C corporation that are
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distributed to its shareholders net of corporate-level income tax. The Jobs and Growth Tax
Act, however, could cause individual investors to view stocks of regular C corporations as more
attractive relative to shares of REITs than was the case prior to the enactment of the legislation
because the dividends from regular C corporations, which previously were taxed at the same rate as
REIT dividends, are now taxed at a maximum marginal rate of 15% while REIT dividends are taxed at a
maximum marginal rate of 35%. We cannot estimate what effect, if any, the enactment of this
legislation has had on the value of our common stock, either in terms of price or relative to other
investments.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission using a shelf registration process. Under this shelf process, we may sell
from time to time an unlimited amount of our common stock, preferred stock, equity stock,
depositary shares, warrants and debt securities, in any combination. This prospectus provides a
general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we offer any of the types of
securities described in this prospectus, we will prepare and distribute a prospectus supplement
that will contain a description of the specific terms of the securities being offered and of the
offering. The prospectus supplement may also supplement the information contained in this
prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement,
together with the additional information described under the heading Where You Can Find More
Information, before purchasing any securities.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and are
required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with
the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy all or any portion of this
information at the Commissions principal office in Washington, D.C., and copies of all or any part
thereof may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549 after payment of fees prescribed by the Commission. You may telephone the
Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Commissions public reference
facilities. The Commission also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains the
reports, proxy and information statements and other information that we and other registrants file
electronically with the Commission.
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3, of which this prospectus is a part, with
the Commission to register offers and sales of the securities described in this prospectus under
the Securities Act of 1933. The registration statement contains additional information about us
and the securities. You may obtain the registration statement and its exhibits from the Commission
as described above.
The Commission allows us to provide information about our business and other important
information to you by incorporating by reference the information we file with the Commission,
which means that we can disclose that information to you by referring in this prospectus to the
documents we file with the Commission. Under the Commissions regulations, any statement contained
in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus is automatically updated
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and superseded by any information contained in this prospectus, or in any subsequently filed
document of the types described below.
We incorporate into this prospectus by reference the following documents filed by us with the
Commission, each of which should be considered an important part of this prospectus:
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SEC Filing (File No. 1-10709) |
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Period Covered or Date of Filing |
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Annual Report on Form 10-K
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Year ended December 31, 2006 |
Current Reports on Form 8-K
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Filed January 10, 2007 and February
26, 2007 |
Description of our common stock
contained in Registration
Statement on Form 8-A, as
supplemented by the description of
our common stock contained in this
prospectus
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Effective March 15, 1991 |
All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (excluding any information furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 in any Current
Report on Form 8-K) between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of
securities under this prospectus shall also be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference. Any
statement contained in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein
shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a
statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or
is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes such statement.
Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded,
to constitute a part of this prospectus.
You may request a copy of each of our filings at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the
following address, telephone or facsimile number:
Investor Services Department
PS Business Parks, Inc.
701 Western Avenue
Glendale, California 91201-2349
Telephone: (800) 421-2856, or
(818) 244-8080
Facsimile: (818) 241-0627
Exhibits to a document will not be provided unless they are specifically incorporated by
reference in that document.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus contains
forward-looking statements, such as those pertaining to our portfolio performance and future
results of operations, market conditions and prospects. The pro forma financial statements and
other pro forma information incorporated by reference in this prospectus also contain
forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by their use of forward-
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looking terminology such as believes, expects, may, will, should, seeks,
intends, plans, pro forma, estimates or anticipates or the negative of these words and
phrases or similar words or phrases. Discussion of strategy, plans or intentions also include
forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties and you should not rely
on them as predictions of future events. The factors described above under the heading Risk
Factors, as well as changes in the commercial real estate market and the general economy, could
cause future events and actual results to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in
the forward-looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking
statements.
THE COMPANY
We are a self-advised and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, that acquires,
develops, owns and operates commercial properties. We are the sole general partner of our
operating partnership, PS Business Parks, L.P., through which we conduct most of our activities.
As of December 31, 2006, we owned and operated, through our operating partnership, approximately
18.7 million rentable square feet of commercial space located in eight states: Arizona, California,
Florida, Maryland, Oregon, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. We also manage approximately 1.4
million rentable square feet on behalf of Public Storage and its affiliated entities. In February
2007, our operating partnership acquired Overlake Business Center, a 493,000 square foot
multi-tenant office and flex business park located in Redmond, Washington, for $76.0 million,
including transaction costs. The park, which was 90.0% leased at the time of acquisition, has 171
tenants in 27 separate one- and two-story buildings.
In a March 1998 merger with American Office Park Properties, Inc., we acquired the commercial
property business previously operated by Public Storage and were renamed PS Business Parks, Inc.
We elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our 1990 taxable year. To the extent that we
continue to qualify as a REIT, we will not be taxed, with certain limited exceptions, on the net
income that we distribute currently to our shareholders. We were incorporated in California in
1990. Our principal executive offices are located at 701 Western Avenue, Glendale, California
91201-2397. Our telephone number is (818) 244-8080.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we inform you otherwise in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we
expect to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities for general corporate purposes. These
purposes may include, but are not limited to, the acquisition of commercial properties, repayment
of our outstanding debt, redemption of preferred securities and general business purposes. Pending
their use, we may invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest bearing securities.
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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
We compute our ratio of earnings from continuing operations to combined fixed charges and
preferred stock distributions by dividing our earnings from continuing operations by our fixed
charges. Earnings from continuing operations consists of net income from continuing operations
before minority interest in income, loss on early extinguishment of debt and gain on disposition of
real estate plus fixed charges less the portion of minority interest in income which does not
contribute to fixed charges.
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For the Year Ended December 31, |
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2002 |
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2003 |
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2004 |
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2005 |
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2006 |
Ratio of
earnings from
continuing
operations to
combined fixed
charges and
preferred stock
distributions |
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2.0x |
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2.0x |
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1.3x |
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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share. At
February 27, 2007, we had outstanding 21,318,663 shares of common stock (excluding shares issuable
upon exchange of interests in our operating partnership and shares subject to options).
Common Stock
The following description of our common stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions
of the common stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate, including a prospectus
supplement providing that common stock will be issuable upon conversion of preferred stock or upon
the exercise of warrants. The statements below describing our common stock are in all respects
subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of our
articles of incorporation and bylaws.
Subject to any preference with respect to our preferred stock or equity stock, holders of our
common stock will be entitled to receive distributions when, as and if declared by our board of
directors, out of funds legally available therefor. Payment and declaration of dividends on our
common stock and purchases of shares of common stock by us will be subject to certain restrictions
if we fail to pay dividends on outstanding preferred stock. See Description of Preferred Stock.
Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, holders of common stock will be
entitled to share ratably in any assets available for distribution to them, after payment or
provision for payment of the debts and our other liabilities and the preferential amounts owing
with respect to any of our outstanding preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no
preemptive rights, except such as have been provided to certain of our shareholders by contract,
which means public shareholders have no right to acquire any additional shares of common stock that
we may issue at a later date.
Each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters
presented to our stockholders for a vote, with the exception that they have cumulative voting
rights with respect to the election of our board of directors, in accordance with California law.
Cumulative voting means that each holder of our common stock is entitled to cast as many votes
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as there are directors to be elected multiplied by the number of shares registered in his or
her name. A holder of our common stock may cumulate the votes for directors by casting all of the
votes for one candidate or by distributing the votes among as many candidates as he or she chooses.
Cumulative voting is intended to provide holders of smaller blocks of stock with more meaningful
influence in the election of directors than they would have without cumulative voting. The
outstanding shares of our common stock are, and additional shares of common stock will be, when
issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that we may not consummate a
business combination in which we must have a vote of our stockholders unless the matter is also
approved by the vote of the partners of the operating partnership. For this purpose, a business
combination is any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person or sale
of all or substantially all of our assets, or any reclassification, recapitalization or change of
our existing common stock. These provisions have the effect of increasing Public Storages
influence over us, due to its ownership of operating partnership units, and also make it more
difficult for us to consummate a business combination.
Our common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol PSB. The
transfer agent and registrar of our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may
be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock
or our equity stock which we may designate and issue in the future. See Description of Preferred
Stock and Description of Equity Stock.
Ownership Limitations
For us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code,
no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or
constructively under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, by five or fewer individuals (as
defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. In order
to maintain our qualification as a REIT, our articles of incorporation provide certain restrictions
on the shares of capital stock that any shareholder may own.
Our articles of incorporation provide that, subject to certain exceptions, no holder may own,
or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than (A) 7.0% of the
outstanding shares of our common stock and (B) 9.9% of the outstanding shares of each class or
series of shares of our preferred stock or equity stock and that all shares of stock be imprinted
with a legend setting forth that restriction. Our articles of incorporation provide, however, that
no person shall be deemed to exceed the ownership limit solely by reason of the beneficial
ownership of shares of any class of stock to the extent that such shares of stock were beneficially
owned by such person (including Public Storage) upon completion of, and after giving effect to, the
merger with American Office Park Properties. Thus, this limitation does not affect the ownership
of common stock held by Public Storage and certain other shareholders at the time of the merger.
Furthermore, the limitation does not apply with respect to shares of stock deemed to be owned by a
person as a result of such persons ownership of shares of Public Storage (however, such ownership
will be taken into account in determining whether a subsequent acquisition or transfer of our
shares (but not Public Storage) violates the ownership
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limit). The ownership limitation is intended to assist in preserving our REIT status in view
of Public Storages substantial ownership interest in us and the Hughes familys substantial
ownership interest in Public Storage. There can be no assurance, however, that such ownership
limit will enable us to satisfy the requirement that a REIT not be closely held within the
meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code for any given taxable year, in part as a result of the
provision described above providing that the ownership limitation generally does not apply to our
shares deemed to be owned as a result of a persons ownership of shares of Public Storage.
Our articles of incorporation provide that our board of directors, in its sole and absolute
discretion, may grant exceptions to the ownership limits, so long as (A) our board has determined
that we would not be closely held within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without
regard to whether the event in question takes place during the second half of a taxable year) and
would not otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT, after giving effect to an acquisition by an excepted
person of beneficial ownership of the maximum amount of capital stock permitted as a result of the
exception to be granted, and taking into account the existing and permitted ownership by other
persons of stock (taking into account any other exceptions granted) and (B) the excepted persons
provide to our board such representations and undertakings as our board may require. In any case,
no holder may own or acquire, either directly, indirectly or constructively under the applicable
attribution rules of the Code, any shares of any class of capital stock if such ownership or
acquisition (i) would cause more than 50% in value of outstanding capital stock to be owned, either
directly or constructively, under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain tax-exempt entities, other than, in general,
qualified domestic pension funds), (ii) would result in our stock being beneficially owned by less
than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution), or (iii) would
otherwise result in our failing to qualify as a REIT.
Our articles of incorporation generally provide that if any holder of capital stock purports
to transfer shares to a person or there is a change in our capital structure, and either the
transfer or the change in capital structure would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, or
such transfer or the change in capital structure would cause the transferee to hold shares in
excess of the applicable ownership limit, then the shares causing the violation will be
automatically transferred to a trust for the benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary. The
purported transferee of those shares will have no right to receive dividends or other distributions
with respect to them and will have no right to vote the shares. Any dividends or other
distributions paid to such purported transferee prior to the discovery by us that the shares have
been transferred to a trust will be paid to the trustee of the trust for the benefit of the
charitable beneficiary upon demand. The trustee will designate a transferee of those shares so
long as the shares would not violate the restrictions on ownership in the articles of incorporation
in the hands of the designated transferee. Upon the sale of such shares, the purported transferee
will receive out of any proceeds remaining after payment of expenses of the charitable trust and us
the lesser of (A)(i) the price per share such purported transferee paid for the stock in the
purported transfer that resulted in the transfer of the shares to the trust, or (ii) if the
transfer or other event that resulted in the transfer of the shares to the trust was not a
transaction in which the purported transferee gave full value for such shares, a price per share
equal to the market price on the date of the purported transfer or other event that resulted in the
transfer of the shares to the trust and (B) the price per share received by the trustee from the
sale or other disposition of the shares held in the trust. Each purported transferee shall be
deemed to have waived any claims such purported transferee may have against the trustee and
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us arising from the disposition of the shares, except for claims arising from the trustees or
our gross negligence, willful misconduct, or failure to make payments when required by the articles
of incorporation.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
We are authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share. At
February 28, 2007, we had 26,650 outstanding shares of preferred stock (represented by 26,650,000
depositary shares) and 3,310,000 shares reserved for issuance. Our articles of incorporation
provide that the preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series and give our
board of directors broad authority to fix the dividend and distribution rights, conversion and
voting rights, if any, redemption provisions and liquidation preferences of each series of
preferred stock. Holders of preferred stock have no preemptive rights. The preferred stock will
be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The issuance of preferred stock with special voting rights could be used to deter attempts to
obtain control of us in transactions not approved by our board of directors. We have no present
intention to issue stock for that purpose. For a discussion of provisions in the partnership
agreement of the operating partnership that restrict our ability to enter into business
combinations, see Description of Common Stock.
Outstanding Preferred Stock
At February 28, 2007, we had outstanding seven series of preferred stock, and had reserved for
issuance, upon conversion of preferred units in our operating partnership, an additional three
series. Each series (1) has a stated value of $25 per share (in the case of shares reserved for
issuance upon the conversion of preferred units) or per depositary share, (2) in preference to the
holders of shares of our common stock and any other capital stock ranking junior to the preferred
stock as to payment of dividends, provides for cumulative quarterly dividends calculated as a
percentage of the stated value (ranging from 6.70% to 7.950%) and (3) is subject to redemption, in
whole or in part, at our election (on and after various dates between October 2007 and January
2012) at a cash redemption price of $25 per share (in the case of shares reserved for issuance upon
the conversion of preferred units) or per depositary share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends.
In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the
holders of the preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets available for
distribution to shareholders, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of our common
stock or any other shares of capital stock ranking as to such distributions junior to the preferred
stock, liquidating distributions in the amount of $25 per share (in the case of shares reserved for
issuance upon the conversion of preferred units) or per depositary share, plus all accumulated and
unpaid dividends.
Except as expressly required by law and in certain other limited circumstances, holders of the
preferred stock are not entitled to vote. The consent of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the
outstanding shares of the preferred stock, voting as a single class, is required to authorize another class of shares
senior to the preferred stock.
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We have reserved for issuance, upon conversion of preferred units in our operating
partnership, three series of preferred stock. To the extent we issue any shares of any such series
of preferred stock, we may not consolidate with, merge into or with, or convey, transfer or lease
our assets substantially as an entirety to, any corporation or other entity without the affirmative
vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such series, subject to certain
exceptions or unless we are the surviving entity.
Ownership Limitations
For a discussion of the ownership limitations that apply to preferred stock, see Description
of Common StockOwnership Limitations.
Future Series of Preferred Stock
The following description of preferred stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions
of the preferred stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The statements below
describing the preferred stock are in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by
reference to the applicable provisions of our articles of incorporation (including the applicable
form of certificate of determination) and bylaws.
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the preferred stock offered thereby
for specific terms, including, where applicable, the following: (1) the title and stated value of
such preferred stock; (2) the number of shares of such preferred stock offered, the liquidation
preference per share and the offering price of such preferred stock; (3) the dividend rate(s),
period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation applicable to such preferred stock;
(4) the date from which dividends on such preferred stock shall accumulate, if applicable; (5) the
provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred stock; (6) the provision for redemption,
if applicable, of such preferred stock; (7) any listing of such preferred stock on any securities
exchange; (8) the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such preferred stock will be
convertible into common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation); (9) the
voting rights, if any, of such preferred stock; (10) any other specific terms, preferences, rights,
limitations or restrictions of such preferred stock; (11) the relative ranking and preferences of
such preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of our affairs; and (12) any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking
senior to or on a parity with such series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
Ranking. The ranking of the preferred stock is set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, such preferred
stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of our affairs, rank (i) senior to the common stock, any additional class of common stock and any
series of preferred stock expressly made junior to such preferred stock; (ii) on a parity with all
preferred stock previously issued by us the terms of which specifically provide that such preferred
stock rank on a parity with the preferred stock offered hereby; and (iii) junior to all preferred
stock previously issued by us the terms of which specifically provide that such preferred stock
rank senior to the preferred stock offered hereby.
Dividends. Holders of shares of the preferred stock of each series offered hereby will be
entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, out of our assets legally
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available for payment, cash dividends at such rates and on such dates as will be set forth in
the applicable prospectus supplement. Each such dividend shall be payable to holders of record as
they appear on the stock transfer books of our company on such record dates as shall be fixed by
our board of directors.
Dividends on any series of the preferred stock offered hereby may be cumulative or
non-cumulative, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Dividends, if cumulative,
will be cumulative from and after the date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If
our board of directors fails to declare a dividend payable on a dividend payment date on any series
of the preferred stock for which dividends are noncumulative, then the holders of such series of
the preferred stock will have no right to receive a dividend in respect of the dividend period
ending on such dividend payment date, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued
for such period, whether or not dividends on such series are declared payable on any future
dividend payment date.
No dividends (other than in common stock or other capital stock ranking junior to the
preferred stock of any series as to dividends and upon liquidation) will be declared or paid or set
aside for payment (nor will any other distribution be declared or made upon the common stock, or
any other capital stock ranking junior to or on a parity with the preferred stock of such series as
to dividends or upon liquidation), nor will any common stock or any other capital stock ranking
junior to or on a parity with the preferred stock of such series as to dividends or upon
liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any moneys be
paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any shares of any such stock) by
us (except by conversion into or exchange for other capital stock ranking junior to the preferred
stock of such series as to dividends and upon liquidation) unless (i) if such series of preferred
stock has a cumulative dividend, full cumulative dividends on the preferred stock of such series
have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the
payment thereof set apart for payment for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend
period, and (ii) if such series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, full
dividends on the preferred stock of such series have been or contemporaneously are declared and
paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set apart for payment for the then
current dividend period.
If for any taxable year, we elect to designate as capital gain dividends (as defined in the
Code) any portion of the dividends paid or made available for the year to the holders of our stock,
then the portion of the dividends designated as capital gain dividends that will be allocable to
the holders of preferred stock will be an amount equal to the total capital gain dividends
multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which will be the total dividends, within the meaning of
the Code, paid or made available to the holders of preferred stock for the year, and the
denominator of which will be the total dividends paid or made available to holders of all classes
and series of our outstanding stock for that year.
Any dividend payment made on shares of a series of cumulative preferred stock offered hereby
will first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividend due with respect to shares
of such series which remains payable.
Redemption. If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the shares of preferred
stock will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or
- 16 -
in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in
such prospectus supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred stock offered hereby that is
subject to mandatory redemption will specify the number of shares of such preferred stock that will
be redeemed by us in each year commencing after a date to be specified, at a redemption price per
share to be specified, together with an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon
(which will not, if such preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, include any
accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods) to the date of redemption.
The redemption price may be payable in cash, securities or other property, as specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no shares of any series of preferred stock offered hereby will
be redeemed and we will not purchase or otherwise acquire directly or indirectly any shares of
preferred stock of such series (except by conversion into or exchange for capital stock of our
company ranking junior to the preferred stock of such series as to dividends and upon liquidation)
unless all outstanding shares of preferred stock of such series are simultaneously redeemed unless,
in each case, (i) if such series of preferred stock has a cumulative dividend, full cumulative
dividends on the preferred stock of such series will have been or contemporaneously are declared
and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set apart for payment for all
past dividend periods and the then current dividend period and (ii) if such series of preferred
stock does not have a cumulative dividend, full dividends on the preferred stock of such series
have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the
payment thereof set apart for payment for the then current dividend period; provided, however, that
the foregoing shall not prevent the purchase or acquisition of shares of preferred stock of such
series pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all
outstanding shares of preferred stock of such series.
If fewer than all of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any series offered hereby
are to be redeemed, the number of shares to be redeemed will be determined by us and such shares
may be redeemed pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion to the number of
such shares held by such holders (with adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares) or by
lot in a manner determined by us.
Notice of redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the
redemption date to each holder of record of preferred stock of any series to be redeemed at the
address shown on our stock transfer books. Each notice will state: (i) the redemption date; (ii)
the number of shares and series of the preferred stock to be redeemed; (iii) the redemption price;
(iv) the place or places where certificates for such preferred stock are to be surrendered for
payment of the redemption price; (v) that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will cease to
accrue on such redemption date; and (vi) the date upon which the holders conversion rights, if
any, as to such shares shall terminate. If fewer than all the shares of preferred stock of any
series are to be redeemed, the notice mailed to each such holder thereof shall also specify the
number of shares of preferred stock to be redeemed from each such holder and, upon redemption, a
new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares without cost to the holder
thereof. In order to facilitate the redemption of shares of preferred stock, our board of
directors may fix a record date for the determination of shares of preferred stock to be redeemed,
such record date to be not less than 30 or more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for such
redemption.
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Notice having been given as provided above, from and after the date specified therein as the
date of redemption, unless we default in providing funds for the payment of the redemption price on
such date, all dividends on the preferred stock called for redemption will cease. From and after
the redemption date, unless we so default, all rights of the holders of the preferred stock as our
shareholders, except the right to receive the redemption price (but without interest), will cease.
Subject to applicable law and the limitation on purchases when dividends on preferred stock
are in arrears, we may, at any time and from time to time, purchase any shares of preferred stock
in the open market, by tender or by private agreement.
Liquidation Preference. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding
up of our affairs, then, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any
common stock or any other class or series of our capital stock ranking junior to any series of the
preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the
holders of such series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets legally
available for distribution to shareholders liquidating distributions in the amount of the
liquidation preference per share (set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement), plus an
amount equal to all dividends accumulated and unpaid thereon (which shall not include any
accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if such preferred stock does
not have a cumulative dividend). After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions
to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of
our remaining assets. In the event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, our legally available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the
liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of any series of preferred stock and the
corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of our capital stock ranking
on a parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up, then the holders of such series of preferred stock and all other such classes or series
of capital stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full
liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.
If liquidating distributions shall have been made in full to all holders of preferred stock,
our remaining assets will be distributed among the holders of any other classes or series of
capital stock ranking junior to such series of preferred stock upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up, according to their respective rights and preferences and in each case according to
their respective number of shares. For such purposes, our consolidation or merger with or into any
other corporation, or the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of our
property or assets will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up.
Voting Rights. Holders of the preferred stock offered hereby will not have any voting rights,
except as set forth below or as otherwise expressly required by law or as indicated in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
If the equivalent of six quarterly dividends payable on any series of preferred stock are in
default (whether or not declared or consecutive), the holders of such series of preferred stock,
voting as a single class with all other series of preferred stock upon which similar voting rights
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have been conferred and are exercisable, will be entitled to elect two additional directors
until all dividends in default have been paid or declared and set apart for payment.
Such right to vote separately to elect directors shall, when vested, be subject, always, to
the same provisions for vesting of such right to elect directors separately in the case of future
dividend defaults. At any time when such right to elect directors separately shall have so vested,
we may, and upon the written request of the holders of record of not less than 10% of our total
number of preferred shares then outstanding shall, call a special meeting of shareholders for the
election of directors. In the case of such a written request, such special meeting shall be held
within 90 days after the delivery of such request and, in either case, at the place and upon the
notice provided by law and in the bylaws, provided that we will not be required to call such a
special meeting if such request is received less than 120 days before the date fixed for the next
ensuing annual meeting of shareholders, and the holders of all classes of outstanding preferred
stock are offered the opportunity to elect such directors (or fill any vacancy) at such annual
meeting of shareholders. Directors so elected will serve until the next annual meeting of
shareholders or until their respective successors are elected and qualify. If, prior to the end of
the term of any director so elected, a vacancy in the office of such director shall occur, during
the continuance of a default by reason of death, resignation, or disability, such vacancy shall be
filled for the unexpired term of such former director by the appointment of a new director by the
remaining director so elected.
The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding
shares of each of our series G, J and N preferred stock (which may be issued upon conversion of
preferred units in our operating partnership) will be required to amend or repeal any provision of
or add any provision to, our articles of incorporation, including the certificate of determination,
if such action would materially and adversely alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges
of such series of preferred stock. The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least 66
2/3% of the outstanding shares of each of our series H, I, K, L, M, O and P preferred stock will be
required to amend or repeal any provision of or add any provision to, our articles of
incorporation, including the certificate of determination, if such action would adversely alter or
change the rights, preferences or privileges of such series of preferred stock.
No consent or approval of the holders of any series of preferred stock offered hereby will be
required for the issuance from our authorized but unissued preferred stock of other shares of any
series of preferred stock ranking on a parity with or junior to such series of preferred stock, or
senior to a series of preferred stock expressly made junior to other series of preferred stock, as
to payment of dividends and distribution of assets, including other shares of such series of
preferred stock.
The foregoing voting provisions will not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with
respect to which such vote would otherwise be required shall be effected, all outstanding shares of
such series of preferred stock had been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice and
sufficient funds had been deposited in trust to effect such redemption.
We may designate additional series of preferred stock to be issued upon conversion of any
additional series of preferred units in our operating partnership. To the extent we issue any
shares of any such series of preferred stock, we will not be able to consolidate with, merge into
or with, or convey, transfer or lease our assets substantially as an entirety to, any corporation
or
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other entity without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of such series, subject to certain exceptions or unless we are the surviving entity.
Conversion Rights. The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any series of
preferred stock offered hereby are convertible into common stock will be set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares of
common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible, the conversion price (or manner of
calculation thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at our
option or at the option of the holders of the preferred stock or automatically upon the occurrence
of certain events, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions
affecting conversion in the event of the redemption of such preferred stock.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUITY STOCK
We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of equity stock, par value $.01 per share. At
February 27, 2007, we had no outstanding shares of equity stock. Our articles of incorporation
provide that the equity stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series and give our
board of directors broad authority to fix the dividend and distribution rights, conversion and
voting rights, redemption provisions and liquidation rights of each series of equity stock.
Holders of equity stock have no preemptive rights. The shares of equity stock will be, when
issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The issuance of equity stock with special voting rights could be used to deter attempts to
obtain control of our company in transactions not approved by our board of directors. We have no
present intention to issue stock for that purpose. For a discussion of provisions in the
partnership agreement for the operating partnership that restrict our ability to enter into
business combinations, see Description of Common Stock.
Ownership Limitations
For a discussion of the ownership limitations that apply to equity stock, see Description of
Common StockOwnership Limitations.
Terms of Equity Stock
The following description of equity stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions of
the equity stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The statements below describing
the equity stock are in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the
applicable provisions of our articles of incorporation (including the applicable form of
certificate of determination) and bylaws.
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the equity stock offered thereby
for specific terms, including, where applicable, the following: (1) the designation of such equity
stock; (2) the number of shares of such equity stock offered, the liquidation rights and the
offering price of such equity stock; (3) the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or
method(s) of calculation applicable to such equity stock; (4) the provision for a sinking fund, if
any, for such equity stock; (5) the provision for redemption, if applicable, of such equity stock;
(6) any listing of such equity stock on any securities exchange; (7) the terms and
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conditions, if applicable, upon which such equity stock will be convertible into common stock,
including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof); (8) the voting rights, if any,
of such equity stock; (9) any other specific terms, rights, limitations or restrictions of such
equity stock; and (10) the relative ranking of such equity stock as to dividend rights and rights
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
Ranking. The ranking of the equity stock is set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, such equity stock
will, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our
affairs, rank on a parity with the common stock. The equity stock will rank junior to the
preferred stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding
up of our affairs.
Dividends. Holders of shares of the equity stock of each series offered hereby shall be
entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, out of our assets legally
available for payment, cash dividends at such rates and on such dates as will be set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Each such dividend shall be payable to holders of record as they
appear on our stock transfer books on such record dates as shall be fixed by our board of
directors. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, dividends on such
equity stock will be non-cumulative.
Redemption. If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the shares of equity
stock will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in
each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such prospectus
supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of equity stock offered hereby that is subject
to mandatory redemption will specify the number of shares of such equity stock that we will redeem
in each year commencing after a date to be specified, at a redemption price per share to be
specified, together with an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (which shall
not, if such equity stock does not have a cumulative dividend, include any accumulation in respect
of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods) to the date of redemption. The redemption price
may be payable in cash, securities or other property, as specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
If fewer than all of the outstanding shares of equity stock of any series offered hereby are
to be redeemed, the number of shares to be redeemed will be determined by us and such shares may be
redeemed pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion to the number of such
shares held by such holders (with adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares) or any
other equitable method determined by us.
Notice of redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the
redemption date to each holder of record of equity stock of any series to be redeemed at the
address shown on our stock transfer books. Each notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii)
the number of shares and series of the equity stock to be redeemed; (iii) the redemption price;
(iv) the place or places where certificates for such equity stock are to be surrendered for payment
of the redemption price; (v) that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will cease to accrue on
such redemption date; and (vi) the date upon which the holders conversion rights, if any, as to
such shares shall terminate. If fewer than all the shares of equity stock of any series are to be
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redeemed, the notice mailed to each such holder thereof shall also specify the number of
shares of equity stock to be redeemed from each such holder and, upon redemption, a new certificate
shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares without cost to the holder thereof. In order to
facilitate the redemption of shares of equity stock, our board of directors may fix a record date
for the determination of shares of equity stock to be redeemed, such record date to be not less
than 30 or more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for such redemption.
Notice having been given as provided above, from and after the date specified therein as the
date of redemption, unless we default in providing funds for the payment of the redemption price on
such date, all dividends on the Equity Stock called for redemption will cease. From and after the
redemption date, unless we so default, all rights of the holders of the equity stock as our
shareholders, except the right to receive the redemption price (but without interest), will cease.
Liquidation Rights. If we voluntarily or involuntarily liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our
affairs, then, before any distribution or payment may be made to the holders of the equity stock or
any other class or series of our capital stock ranking junior to any series of the preferred stock
in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of such
series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets legally available for
distribution to shareholders liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference
per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accumulated and unpaid thereon (which shall not
include any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if such
preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend). After payment of the full amount of the
liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will have no
right or claim to any of our remaining assets.
If liquidating distributions have been made in full to all holders of preferred stock, our
remaining assets will be distributed among the holders of any other classes or series of capital
stock ranking junior to such series of preferred stock upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up,
including the equity stock, according to their respective rights and in each case according to
their respective number of shares. For such purposes, our consolidation or merger with or into any
other corporation, or the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of our
property or assets, will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, upon any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, holders of the equity stock will
rank on a parity with the holders of the common stock, subject to any maximum or minimum
distribution to holders of equity stock specified in such prospectus supplement.
Voting Rights. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of
the equity stock will have the same voting rights as holders of the common stock.
No consent or approval of the holders of any series of equity stock will be required for the
issuance from our authorized but unissued equity stock of other shares of any series of equity
stock including shares of such series of equity stock.
Conversion Rights. The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any series of
equity stock offered hereby are convertible into common stock will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares of common
stock into which the equity stock is convertible, the conversion price (or manner of
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calculation thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at
our option or at the option of the holders of the equity stock or automatically upon the occurrence
of certain events, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions
affecting conversion in the event of the redemption of such equity stock.
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
We may, at our option, elect to offer depositary shares rather than full shares of preferred
stock or equity stock. In the event such option is exercised, each of the depositary shares will
represent ownership of and entitlement to all rights and preferences of a fraction of a share of
preferred stock or equity stock of a specified series (including dividend, voting, redemption and
liquidation rights). The applicable fraction will be specified in the prospectus supplement. The
shares of preferred stock or equity stock represented by the depositary shares will be deposited
with a depositary named in the applicable prospectus supplement, under a deposit agreement, among
the depositary, the holders of the depositary receipts and us. Depositary receipts, which are
certificates evidencing depositary shares, will be delivered to those persons purchasing depositary
shares in the offering. The depositary will be the transfer agent, registrar and dividend
disbursing agent for the depositary shares. Holders of depositary receipts agree to be bound by
the deposit agreement, which requires holders to take certain actions such as filing proof of
residence and paying certain charges.
The summary of terms of the depositary shares contained in this prospectus does not purport to
be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the applicable
deposit agreement, the form of depositary receipt, our articles of incorporation and the form of
certificate of determination for the applicable series of preferred stock or equity stock.
Dividends
The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received by it
in respect of the series of preferred stock or equity stock represented by the depositary shares to
the record holders of depositary receipts in proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by
such holders on the relevant record date, which will be the same date as the record date fixed by
us for the applicable series of preferred stock or equity stock. In the event that the calculation
of any such cash dividend or other cash distribution results in an amount which is a fraction of a
cent, the amount the depositary will distribute will be rounded to the next highest whole cent if
such fraction of a cent is equal to or greater than $.005, otherwise such fractional interest shall
be disregarded.
In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property
received by it to the record holders of depositary receipts entitled thereto, in proportion, as
nearly as may be practicable, to the number of depositary shares owned by such holders on the
relevant record date, unless the depositary determines (after consultation with us) that it is not
feasible to make such distribution, in which case the depositary may (with our approval) adopt any
other method for such distribution as it deems equitable and practicable, including the sale of
such property (at such place or places and upon such terms as it may deem equitable and
appropriate) and distribution of the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.
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Liquidation Rights
In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, whether voluntary
or involuntary, the holders of each depositary share will be entitled to the fraction of the
liquidation amount accorded each share of the applicable series of preferred stock or equity stock,
as set forth in the prospectus supplement.
Redemption
If the series of preferred stock or equity stock represented by the applicable series of
depositary shares is redeemable, such depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received
by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of preferred stock or equity
stock held by the depositary. Whenever we redeem any preferred stock or equity stock held by the
depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary
shares representing the preferred stock or equity stock so redeemed. The depositary will mail the
notice of redemption promptly upon receipt of such notice from us and not less than 30 nor more
than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption of the preferred stock or equity stock and the
depositary shares to the record holders of the depositary receipts.
Conversion
If the series of preferred stock or equity stock represented by the applicable series of
depositary shares is convertible into a different class of our securities, the depositary shares
will also be convertible on the terms described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Voting
Promptly upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the series of preferred
stock or equity stock represented by the applicable series of depositary shares are entitled to
vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record
holders of the depositary receipts as of the record date for such meeting. Each such record holder
of depositary receipts will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting
rights pertaining to the number of shares of preferred stock or equity stock represented by such
record holders depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote
such preferred stock or equity stock represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such
instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary
in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will abstain from voting any of the
preferred stock or equity stock to the extent that it does not receive specific instructions from
the holders of depositary receipts.
Withdrawal of Preferred Stock or Equity Stock
Upon surrender of depositary receipts at the principal office of the depositary, upon payment
of any unpaid amount due the depositary, and subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, the
owner of the depositary shares evidenced thereby is entitled to delivery of the number of whole
shares of preferred stock or equity stock and all money and other property, if any, represented by
such depositary shares. Partial shares of preferred stock or equity stock will not be issued. If
the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of
the number of depositary shares representing the number of whole shares of
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preferred stock or equity stock to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to such holder at
the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing such excess number of depositary shares. Holders
of preferred stock or equity stock thus withdrawn will not thereafter be entitled to deposit such
shares under the deposit agreement or to receive depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares
therefor.
Amendment and Termination of Deposit Agreement
The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the
deposit agreement may at any time and from time to time be amended by agreement between the
depositary and us. However, any amendment which materially and adversely alters the rights of the
holders (other than any change in fees) of depositary shares will not be effective unless such
amendment has been approved by at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding. No
such amendment may impair the right, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, of any owner of
any depositary shares to surrender the depositary receipt evidencing such depositary shares with
instructions to the depositary to deliver to the holder the preferred stock or equity stock and all
money and other property, if any, represented thereby, except in order to comply with mandatory
provisions of applicable law. The deposit agreement may be terminated by the depositary or us only
if (i) all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed or (ii) there has been a final
distribution in respect of the preferred stock or equity stock in connection with our liquidation,
dissolution or winding up and such distribution has been made to all the holders of depositary
shares.
Charges of Depositary
We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the
existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with
the initial deposit of the preferred stock or equity stock and the initial issuance of the
depositary shares, and redemption of the preferred stock or equity stock and all withdrawals of
preferred stock or equity stock by owners of depositary shares. Holders of depositary receipts
will pay transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and certain other charges as are
provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts. In certain circumstances, the
depositary may refuse to transfer depositary shares, may withhold dividends and distributions and
may sell the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts if such charges are not paid.
Miscellaneous
The depositary will forward to the holders of depositary receipts all reports and
communications from us which are delivered to the depositary and which we are required to furnish
to the holders of the preferred stock or equity stock. In addition, the depositary will make
available for inspection by holders of depositary receipts at the principal office of the
depositary, and at such other places as it may from time to time deem advisable, any reports and
communications received from us which are received by the depositary as the holder of preferred
stock or equity stock.
Neither the depositary nor we assume any obligation or will be subject to any liability under
the deposit agreement to holders of depositary receipts other than for its or our gross negligence,
willful misconduct or bad faith. Neither the depositary nor we will be liable if the
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depositary or us is prevented or delayed by law or, in the case of the depositary, any
circumstance beyond its control, in performing its or our obligations under the deposit agreement.
We and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect
of any depositary shares or preferred stock or equity stock unless satisfactory indemnity is
furnished. We and the depositary may rely on written advice of counsel or accountants, on
information provided by holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed in good faith to
be competent to give such information and on documents believed to be genuine and to have been
signed or presented by the proper party or parties.
Holders of depositary receipts may inspect the depositarys transfer records for the
depositary receipts at the depositarys office during normal business hours, provided that such
inspection is for a proper purpose.
Registration of Transfer of Receipts
The depositary will register on its books transfers of depositary receipts upon surrender of
the receipt by the holder, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of transfer,
subject to certain restrictions and conditions set forth in the deposit agreement. Title to
depositary shares represented by a depositary receipt, which is properly endorsed or accompanied by
appropriate instruments of transfer, will be transferable by delivery with the same effect as in
the case of a negotiable instrument.
Resignation and Removal of Depositary
The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and
we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the
appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor
depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal
and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States of America and
having a combined capital and surplus of at least $150,000,000.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We have no warrants outstanding (other than options issued under our stock option plan). We
may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock, equity stock or debt
securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by
any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from such securities. Each series of
warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between a warrant
agent specified in the applicable prospectus supplement and us. The warrant agent will act solely
as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or
relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. The
terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the warrants in respect of
which this prospectus is being delivered, including, where applicable, the following: (1) the title
of such warrants; (2) the aggregate number of such warrants; (3) the price or prices at which such
warrants will be issued; (4) the designation, number and terms of the shares of common stock,
preferred stock or equity stock purchasable upon exercise of such warrants; (5) the designation and
terms of the other securities, if any, with which such warrants are issued and the number of such
warrants issued with each such security; (6) the date, if any, on and after which such warrants and
the related common stock, preferred stock or equity stock, if any, will be separately transferable;
(7) the price at which each share of common stock, preferred stock or equity stock purchasable upon
exercise of such warrants may be purchased, and provisions for changes to or adjustments in such
price; (8) the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on
which such right shall expire; (9) the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be
exercised at any one time; and (10) any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures
and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following descriptions of the debt securities do not purport to be complete and are
subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the indenture, a form of which will be
filed with the SEC. Any future supplemental indenture or similar document also will be so filed.
You should read the indenture and any supplemental indenture or similar document because they, and
not this description, define your rights as holder of our debt securities. All capitalized terms
have the meanings specified in the indenture.
We may issue, from time to time, debt securities, in one or more series, that will consist of
either our senior debt, referred to as senior debt securities, or our subordinated debt securities,
referred to as subordinated debt securities. The debt securities we offer will be issued under one
or more indentures between us and a trustee, which may be the same trustee. Debt securities,
whether senior or subordinated, may be issued as convertible debt securities or exchangeable debt
securities.
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General Terms of the Indenture
The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that
we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any
currency or currency unit designated by us. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and
sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the
indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of any debt
securities protection with respect to our operations, financial condition or transactions involving
us.
We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as discount securities, which
means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as
well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, be treated as if they were issued with original issue discount, or OID, because of
interest payment and other characteristics. Special U.S. federal income tax considerations
applicable to debt securities issued with original issue discount will be described in more detail
in any applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement for a series of debt securities that we issue will
describe, among other things, the following terms of the offered debt securities:
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the aggregate principal amount; |
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whether issued in fully registered form without coupons or in a form
registered as to principal only with coupons or in bearer form with
coupons; |
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whether issued in the form of one or more global securities and
whether all or a portion of the principal amount of the debt
securities is represented thereby; |
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the price or prices at which the debt securities will be issued; |
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the date or dates on which principal is payable; |
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the place or places where and the manner in which principal, premium
or interest will be payable and the place or places where the debt
securities may be presented for transfer and, if applicable,
conversion or exchange; |
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interest rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, will
accrue, and the dates when interest is payable; |
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the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the
duration of the extensions; |
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our rights or obligations to redeem or purchase the debt securities,
including sinking fund or partial redemption payments; |
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conversion or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or
exchange prices or rates and adjustments thereto; |
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the currency or currencies of payment of principal or interest; |
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the terms applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from
their stated principal amount; |
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the terms, if any, pursuant to which any debt securities will be
subordinate to any of our other debt; |
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if the amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined
by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency
other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable,
the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation
agent, if any, with respect thereto; |
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if other than the entire principal amount of the debt securities when
issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration
of maturity, and the terms and conditions of any acceleration; |
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if applicable, covenants affording holders of debt protection with
respect to our operations, financial condition or transactions
involving us; and |
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any other specific terms of any debt securities. |
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth material U.S. federal income tax
considerations for holders of any debt securities and the securities exchange or quotation system
on which any debt securities are listed or quoted, if any.
Debt securities issued by us will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other
liabilities of our subsidiaries, except to the extent any such subsidiary guarantees or is
otherwise obligated to make payment on such debt securities.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, all securities of any one
series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time without consent of
any holder.
Senior Debt Securities
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on senior debt securities will rank
on a parity with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt.
Subordinated Debt Securities
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on subordinated debt securities
will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our
senior debt. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any subordinated
debt securities the subordination terms of such securities as well as the aggregate amount of
outstanding indebtedness, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior
to the subordinated debt securities. We will also set forth in such prospectus supplement
limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt.
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Conversion or Exchange Rights
Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or property of
our company. The terms and conditions of conversion or exchange will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The terms will include, among others, the following:
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the conversion or exchange price; |
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the conversion or exchange period; |
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provisions regarding our ability or that of the holder to convert or
exchange the debt securities; |
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events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange price; and |
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provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our
redemption of the debt securities. |
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
We cannot consolidate or merge with or into, or transfer or lease all or substantially all of
our assets to, any person unless (a) we will be the continuing corporation or (b) the successor
corporation or person to which our assets are transferred or leased is a corporation organized
under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and
it expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture. In addition,
we cannot effect such a transaction unless immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no
default or event of default under the indenture shall have occurred and be continuing. Subject to
certain exceptions, when the person to whom our assets are transferred or leased has assumed our
obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, we shall be discharged from all our
obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, except in limited circumstances.
This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization transaction, a change of control of our
company or a highly leveraged transaction, unless the transaction or change of control were
structured to include a merger or consolidation or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of
our assets.
Events of Default
Unless otherwise indicated, the term event of default, when used in the indenture, means any
of the following:
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failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable; |
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failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security when
due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or
otherwise; |
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failure to make sinking fund payments when due; |
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failure to perform any other covenant for 60 days after notice that
performance was required; |
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events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our company; or |
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any other event of default provided in the applicable resolution of
our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under which we
issue a series of debt securities. |
An event of default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute
an event of default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture. Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, an event of default relating to the
payment of interest, principal or any sinking fund installment involving any series of debt
securities has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in
aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of each affected series may declare the entire
principal of all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, an event of default
relating to the performance of other covenants occurs and is continuing for a period of 60 days
after notice of such, or if any other event of default occurs and is continuing involving all of
the series of senior debt securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in
aggregate principal amount of all of the series of senior debt securities may declare the entire
principal amount of all of the series of senior debt securities due and payable immediately.
Similarly, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, if an event of
default relating to the performance of other covenants occurs and is continuing for a period of 60
days after notice of such, or if any other event of default occurs and is continuing involving all
of the series of subordinated debt securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of all of the series of subordinated debt securities may declare the
entire principal amount of all of the series of subordinated debt securities due and payable
immediately.
If, however, the event of default relating to the performance of other covenants or any other
event of default that has occurred and is continuing is for less than all of the series of senior
debt securities or subordinated debt securities, as the case may be, then, unless otherwise
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of the senior debt securities or the
subordinated debt securities, as the case may be, may declare the entire principal amount of all
debt securities of such affected series due and payable immediately. The holders of not less than a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of a series may, after satisfying
conditions, rescind and annul any of the above-described declarations and consequences involving
the series.
If an event of default relating to events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our
company occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt securities
outstanding, and any accrued interest, will automatically become due and payable immediately,
without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder.
The indenture imposes limitations on suits brought by holders of debt securities against us.
Except as provided below, no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action
against us under the indenture unless:
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the holder has previously given to the trustee written
notice of default and continuance of that default; |
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the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of the affected series have requested that the trustee
institute the action; |
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the requesting holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity
for expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the
action; |
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the trustee has not instituted the action within 60 days of the request; and |
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the trustee has not received inconsistent direction by the holders of
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of
the series. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, each holder of debt securities of any series has the right,
which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and premium and
interest, if any, on such debt securities when due and to institute suit for the enforcement of any
such payment, and such rights may not be impaired without the consent of that holder of debt
securities.
We will be required to file annually with the trustee a certificate, signed by an officer of
our company, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance,
observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of the indenture.
Registered Global Securities
We may issue the debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more
fully registered global securities that we will deposit with a depositary or with a nominee for a
depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of such
depositary or nominee. In such case, we will issue one or more registered global securities
denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the debt securities of
the series to be issued and represented by such registered global security or securities.
Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive
registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:
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by the depositary for such registered global security to its nominee; |
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by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of
the depositary; or |
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by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a
nominee of the successor. |
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will describe the specific
terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of such series represented by a
registered global security. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all
depositary arrangements for debt securities:
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ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global
security will be limited to persons that have accounts
with the depositary for the registered global security,
those persons being referred to as participants, or
persons that may hold interests through participants; |
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upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for
the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry
registration and transfer system, the participants accounts with the
respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the
registered global security beneficially owned by the participants; |
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any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution
of the debt securities will designate the accounts to be credited; and |
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ownership of any beneficial interest in the registered global security
will be shown on, and the transfer of any ownership interest will be
effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the
registered global security (with respect to interests of participants)
and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of
persons holding through participants). |
The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical
delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons to
own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.
So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered
owner of the registered global security, the depositary or the nominee, as the case may be, will be
considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global
security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial
interests in a registered global security:
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will not be entitled to have the debt securities
represented by a registered global security registered in
their names; |
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will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the
debt securities in the definitive form; and |
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will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities
under the indenture. |
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must
rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the person is
not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest,
to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or
if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any
action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the
registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial
interests to give or take the action, and those participants would authorize beneficial owners
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owning through those participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the
instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt
securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or
its nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owners of the
registered global security. None of our company, the trustee or any other agent of our company or
the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments
made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for
maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global
security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in
respect of the registered global security, will immediately credit participants accounts with
payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global
security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that standing customer
instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial
interests in the registered global security held through the participants, as is now the case with
the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in street name. We
also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.
If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security is at
any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we
fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt securities
in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at any time
and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by
one or more registered global securities. In such event, we will issue debt securities of that
series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global securities representing
the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in
exchange for a registered global security in such name or names as the depositary, based upon
instructions from its participants, shall instruct the trustee.
We may also issue bearer debt securities of a series in the form of one or more global
securities, referred to as bearer global securities. We will deposit these bearer global securities
with a common depositary for Euroclear System and Clearstream Bank Luxembourg, Societe Anonyme, or
with a nominee for the depositary identified in the prospectus supplement relating to that series.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities represented by a bearer global
security will describe the specific terms and procedures, including the specific terms of the
depositary arrangement and any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in
definitive form in exchange for a bearer global security, with respect to the position of the
series represented by a bearer global security.
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
We can discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as set forth below. Unless
otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the subordination provisions
applicable to any subordinated debt securities will be expressly subject to the discharge and
defeasance provisions of the indenture.
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We may discharge some of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities that have
not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and
payable or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year (or are scheduled for
redemption within one year). We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with the trustee
cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay
when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest on the debt securities and any mandatory sinking fund payments.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may also discharge any
and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time, referred to as
defeasance. We also may be released from the obligations imposed by any covenants of any
outstanding series of debt securities and provisions of the indenture, and we may omit to comply
with those covenants without creating an event of default, referred to as covenant defeasance. We
may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:
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we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or U.S.
government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount
certified to be sufficient to pay at maturity (or upon
redemption) the principal, premium, if any, and interest
on all outstanding debt securities of the series; and |
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we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a nationally
recognized law firm to the effect that the holders of the series of
debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant
defeasance and that defeasance or covenant defeasance will not
otherwise alter the holders U.S. federal income tax treatment of
principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on the series of
debt securities, which opinion, in the case of legal defeasance, must
be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued, or a
change in U.S. federal income tax law. |
Although we may discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as described in the
two preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer
or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen series of debt securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of
debt securities.
Modification of the Indenture
The indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without
the consent of the holders of debt securities to:
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secure any debt securities; |
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evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations; |
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add covenants for the protection of the holders of debt securities; |
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cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in the indenture; |
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establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any series; and |
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evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee. |
The indenture also provides that we and the trustee may, with the consent of the holders of
not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of all series of senior
debt securities or subordinated debt securities, as the case may be, then outstanding and affected
(voting as one class), add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any
way the provisions of, the indenture or modify in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt
securities. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each
outstanding debt security affected thereby:
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extend the final maturity of any debt security; |
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reduce the principal amount or premium, if any; |
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reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest; |
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reduce any amount payable on redemption; |
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change the currency in which the principal (other than as may be
provided otherwise with respect to a series), premium, if any, or
interest is payable; |
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reduce the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an
original issue discount that is payable upon acceleration or provable
in bankruptcy; |
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modify any of the subordination provisions or the definition of senior
indebtedness applicable to any subordinated debt securities in a
manner adverse to the holders of those securities; |
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alter provisions of the indenture relating to the debt securities not
denominated in U.S. dollars; |
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impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment
on any debt security when due; or |
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reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series
whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture. |
A prospectus supplement may set forth modifications or additions to these provisions with
respect to a particular series of debt securities.
Concerning the Trustee
The indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee under the indenture, each with
respect to one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different
series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indenture separate
and
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apart from the trust administered by any other trustee under the indenture. Except as otherwise
indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a
trustee may be taken by such trustee only with respect to the one or more series of debt securities
for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be
removed with respect to one or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on, and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication and
delivery (including authentication and delivery on original issuance of the debt securities) of,
the debt securities of a series will be effected by the trustee with respect to that series at an
office designated by the trustee in New York, New York.
The indenture contains limitations on the right of the trustee, should it become a creditor of
our company, to obtain payment of claims in some cases or to realize on certain property received
in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other
transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties with respect to the
debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of any series of debt securities then
outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for exercising any remedy available to the trustee with respect to such series of debt securities,
provided that the direction would not conflict with any rule of law or with the indenture, would
not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another holder of the debt securities, and would not
involve any trustee in personal liability. The indenture provides that in case an event of default
shall occur and be known to any trustee and not be cured, the trustee must use the same degree of
care as a prudent person would use in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the
trustees power. Subject to these provisions, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise
any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any of the holders of the debt
securities, unless they shall have offered to the trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to
the trustee.
No Individual Liability of Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers or Directors
The indenture provides that no incorporator and no past, present or future shareholder,
officer or director, of our company or any successor corporation in their capacity as such shall
have any individual liability for any of our obligations, covenants or agreements under the debt
securities or the indenture.
Governing Law
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with,
the laws of the State of New York.
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax considerations
relating to the taxation of PS Business Parks as a REIT and the acquisition, ownership and
disposition of our common shares. If we offer securities other than common stock, information
about any additional income tax consequences to holders of those securities will be included in
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the
documents pursuant to which those securities are offered. For purposes of the following
discussion, references to our company, we and us mean PS Business Parks, Inc. and not its
subsidiaries or affiliates, operating partnership refers to P.S. Business Parks, L.P., AOPP
refers to American Office Park Properties, Inc. and merger refers to the merger of our company
with AOPP.
Because this is a summary that is intended to address only the federal income tax
considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of our common stock, it may not contain
all the information that may be important in your specific circumstances. As you review this
discussion, you should keep in mind that:
(1) The tax considerations to you may vary depending on your particular tax situation;
(2) Special rules that are not discussed below may apply to you if, for example, you are a
tax-exempt organization, a broker-dealer, a non-U.S. person, a trust, an estate, a regulated
investment company, a financial institution, an insurance company, or otherwise subject to special
tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code;
(3) This summary does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations;
(4) This summary deals only with PS Business Parks common shareholders that hold common
shares as capital assets, within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code; and
(5) This discussion is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice.
You are urged both to review the following discussion and to consult with your tax advisor to
determine the effect of acquiring, owning and disposing of our common stock in your individual tax
situation, including any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences.
The information in this section is based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed
regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, the legislative history of the Code,
current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS,
and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes IRS practices and
policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with
respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as
they exist on the date of this registration statement. Future legislation, regulations,
administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect
existing interpretations of current law. Any change could apply retroactively. We have not
requested and do not plan to request any rulings from the IRS concerning the tax treatment of our
company or the operating partnership. Accordingly, even if there is no change in the applicable
law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which
do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a
court if so challenged.
Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REIT
General. Our company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. A REIT generally is
not subject to federal income tax on the net income that it distributes to shareholders
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if it meets
the applicable REIT distribution requirements and other requirements for REIT qualification under
the Code.
We believe that we have been and that we are organized and have operated, and we intend to
continue to operate, in a manner to qualify as a REIT, but there can be no assurance that we
qualify or will remain qualified as a REIT. Qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our
ability to meet, through actual annual (or in some cases quarterly) operating results, requirements
relating to income, asset ownership, distribution levels and diversity of share ownership, and the
various other REIT qualification requirements imposed under the Code. Given the complex nature of
the REIT qualification requirements, the ongoing importance of factual determinations and the
possibility of future changes in our circumstances, we cannot provide any assurance that our actual
operating results will satisfy the requirements for taxation as a REIT under the Code for any
particular taxable year.
The sections of the Code that relate to our qualification and operation as a REIT are highly
technical and complex. This discussion sets forth the material aspects of the sections of the Code
that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders. This summary is
qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, relevant rules and Treasury
regulations, and related administrative and judicial interpretations.
Taxation. For each taxable year in which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will
not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our net income that is distributed currently to
our shareholders. U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) generally will be subject to taxation on
dividends (other than designated capital gain dividends and qualified dividend income) at rates
applicable to ordinary income, instead of at lower capital gain rates. Qualification for taxation
as a REIT enables the REIT and its shareholders to substantially eliminate the double taxation
(that is, taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from an
investment in a regular corporation. Regular corporations (non-REIT C corporations) generally
are subject to federal corporate income taxation on their income and shareholders of regular
corporations are subject to tax on any dividends that are received. Currently, however,
shareholders of regular corporations who are taxed at individual rates generally are taxed on
dividends they receive at capital gains rates, which are lower for individuals than ordinary income
rates, and shareholders of regular corporations who are taxed at regular corporate rates will
receive the benefit of a dividends received deduction that substantially reduces the effective rate
that they pay on such dividends. Income earned by a REIT and distributed currently to its
shareholders generally will be subject to lower aggregate rates of federal income taxation than if
such income were earned by a non-REIT C corporation, subjected to corporate income tax, and then
distributed to shareholders and subjected to tax either at capital gain rates or the effective rate
paid by a corporate recipient entitled to the benefit of the dividends received deduction.
While we generally will not be subject to corporate income taxes on income that we distribute
currently to shareholders, we will be subject to federal income tax as follows:
1. We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed
REIT taxable income. REIT taxable income is the taxable income of the
REIT subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for
dividends paid.
2. We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on our
undistributed items
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of tax preference, if any.
3. If we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of
foreclosure property that is held primarily for sale to tenants in the
ordinary course of business, or (2) other non-qualifying income from
foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate
rate on this income.
4. Our net income from prohibited transactions will be subject to a
100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other
dispositions of property held primarily for sale to tenants in the
ordinary course of business other than foreclosure property.
5. If we fail to satisfy either the 75% gross income test or the 95%
gross income test discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our
qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be
subject to a tax equal to the gross income attributable to the greater of
either (1) the amount by which 75% of our gross income exceeds the amount
of our income qualifying under the 75% test for the taxable year or (2)
the amount by which 95% of our gross income exceeds the amount of our
income qualifying for the 95% income test for the taxable year,
multiplied in either case by a fraction intended to reflect our
profitability.
6. We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of
the required distribution over the sum of amounts actually distributed,
excess distributions from the preceding tax year and amounts retained for
which federal income tax was paid if we fail to make the required
distributions by the end of a calendar year. The required distributions
for each calendar year is equal to the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year; |
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years. |
7. We will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on some payments we receive
(or on certain expenses deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary) if
arrangements among us, our tenants, and our taxable REIT subsidiaries are
not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
8. If we acquire any assets from a non-REIT C corporation in a
carry-over basis transaction, we would be liable for corporate income
tax, at the highest applicable corporate rate for the built-in gain
with respect to those assets if we disposed of those assets within 10
years after they were acquired. Built-in gain is the amount by which an
assets fair market value exceeds its adjusted tax basis at the time we
acquire the asset. To the extent that assets are transferred to us in a
carry-over basis transaction by a partnership in which a corporation owns
an interest, we will be subject to this tax in proportion to the non-REIT
C corporations interest in the partnership.
9. With regard to our 2005 and subsequent taxable years, if we fail to
satisfy one of the REIT asset tests (other than certain de minimis
failures), but nonetheless maintain
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our qualification as a REIT because
other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the
greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the net income
generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period of time that the
assets were held as non-qualifying assets by the highest rate of tax
applicable to corporations.
10. With regard to our 2005 and subsequent taxable years, if we fail to
satisfy certain of the requirements under the Code the failure of which
would result in the loss of our REIT status, and the failure is due to
reasonable cause and not willful neglect, we may be required to pay a
penalty of $50,000 for each such failure in order to maintain our
qualification as a REIT.
11. If we fail to comply with the requirements to send annual letters to
our shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of
our shares and the failure was not due to reasonable cause or was due to
willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty or, if the
failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty.
Furthermore, notwithstanding our status as a REIT, we also may have to pay certain state and
local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs the same as they are treated
for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, each of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (as further
described below) is subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income.
If we are subject to taxation on our REIT taxable income or subject to tax due to the sale of
a built-in gain asset that was acquired in a carry-over basis from a non-REIT C corporation, some
of the dividends we pay to our shareholders during the following year may be subject to tax at the
reduced capital gains rates, rather than taxed at ordinary income rates. See Taxation of U.S.
ShareholdersQualified Dividend Income.
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT. The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust
or association:
(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
(2) that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence
its beneficial ownership;
(3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856
through 860 of the Code;
(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company within
the
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meaning of certain provisions of the Code;
(5) that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;
(6) not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares or other beneficial
interest of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities and as
determined by applying certain attribution rules) during the last half of each
taxable year;
(7) that makes an election to be a REIT for the current taxable year, or has
made such an election for a previous taxable year that has not been revoked or
terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative
requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT
status;
(8) that uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies
with the recordkeeping requirements of the Code and the Treasury regulations
promulgated thereunder; and
(9) that meets other applicable tests, described below, regarding the nature of
its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.
The Code provides that conditions (1), (2), (3) and (4) above must be met during the entire
taxable year and condition (5) above must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12
months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5)
and (6) do not apply during the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a
REIT. For purposes of determining share ownership under condition (6) above, a supplemental
unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently
set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes generally is considered an individual.
However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Code Section 401(a) generally is not considered an
individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in
proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of condition (6) above.
We believe that we have been organized, have operated and have issued sufficient shares of
beneficial ownership with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy the above
conditions. In addition, our articles of incorporation contain restrictions regarding the transfer
of shares of beneficial interests that are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share
ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. These restrictions, however,
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may
not ensure that we will be able to satisfy these share ownership requirements. Moreover, these
restrictions will not apply to shares owned at the time of the merger, or to shares of our stock
deemed to be owned by a person as a result of such persons ownership of shares of Public Storage
(however, such deemed ownership will be taken into account in determining whether a subsequent
acquisition or transfer of shares of our company (but not Public Storage) violates the
limitations). If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, we will fail to qualify
as a REIT.
To monitor compliance with condition (6) above, a REIT is required to send annual letters to
its shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of its shares. If we comply
with the annual letters requirement and do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence, would not
have known, of a failure to meet condition (6) above, then we will be treated as having met
condition (6) above.
To qualify as a REIT, we cannot have at the end of any taxable year any undistributed earnings
and profits that are attributable to a non-REIT taxable year. As a result of the merger, our
company succeeded to various tax attributes of AOPP, including any undistributed earnings and
profits. AOPP was taxable as a non-REIT C corporation prior to 1997, but does not believe that it
has transferred any undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits to our company. However, neither
we nor AOPP has sought an opinion of counsel or outside accountants to the effect that we did not
acquire any undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits from AOPP. There can be no assurance that
the IRS would not contend otherwise on a subsequent audit.
If
the IRS determined that we inherited undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits and that
we did not distribute the non-REIT earnings and profits by the end of that taxable year, it
appears that we could avoid disqualification as a REIT by using deficiency dividend procedures to
distribute the non-REIT earnings and profits. The deficiency dividend procedures would require us
to make a distribution to shareholders, in addition to the regularly required REIT distributions,
within 90 days of the IRS determination. In addition, we would have to pay to the IRS interest on
50% of the non-REIT earnings and profits that were not distributed prior to the end of the taxable
year in which we inherited the undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits. Finally, if AOPP were
determined not to have qualified as a REIT for the taxable year ended December 31, 1997 or its
short taxable year ending at the time of the merger, we would not be eligible to elect REIT status
for up to four years after the year in which AOPP failed to qualify as a REIT. AOPP made an
election to be taxed as a REIT commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1997. We and
AOPP believe that AOPPs election is valid and that AOPP was organized, and operated in 1997 and
until the time of the merger, in conformity with the requirements for taxation as a REIT.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. We may acquire 100% of the stock of one or more corporations
that are qualified REIT subsidiaries. A corporation will qualify as a qualified REIT subsidiary if
we own 100% of its stock and it is not a taxable REIT subsidiary. A qualified REIT subsidiary will
not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of
income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as our assets,
liabilities and such items (as the case may be) for all purposes of the Code, including the REIT
qualification tests. For this reason, references in this discussion to our income and assets
should be understood to include the income and assets of any qualified REIT subsidiary we own.
Income of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not be subject to federal income tax, although it may
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be
subject to state and local taxation in some states. Our ownership of the voting stock of a
qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the asset test restrictions against ownership of
securities of any one issuer which constitute more than 10% of the voting power or value of such
issuers securities or more than five percent of the value of our total assets, as described below
in Asset Tests Applicable to REITs.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation other than a REIT in
which we directly or indirectly hold stock, which has made a joint election with us to be treated
as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(l) of the Code. A taxable REIT subsidiary also
includes any corporation other than a REIT in which a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours owns,
directly or indirectly, securities, (other than certain straight debt securities), which
represent more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of such
corporation. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable
REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or
non-customary services to our tenants without causing us to receive impermissible tenant service
income under the REIT gross income tests. A taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay regular
federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a non-REIT C corporation.
In addition, a taxable REIT subsidiary may be prevented from deducting interest on debt funded
directly or indirectly by us if certain tests regarding the taxable REIT subsidiarys debt to
equity ratio and interest expense are not satisfied. If dividends are paid to us by our taxable
REIT subsidiary, then a portion of the dividends we distribute to shareholders who are taxed at
individual rates will generally be eligible for taxation at lower capital gains rates, rather than
at ordinary income rates. See Taxation of U.S. ShareholdersQualified Dividend Income.
Generally, a taxable REIT subsidiary can perform impermissible tenant services without causing
us to receive impermissible tenant services income under the REIT income tests. However, several
provisions applicable to the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiaries are
intended to ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of
federal income taxation. For example, a taxable REIT subsidiary is limited in its ability to
deduct interest payments made directly or indirectly to us in excess of a certain amount. In
addition, a REIT will be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that it receives or
on certain expenses deducted by the taxable REIT subsidiary if the economic arrangements between
the REIT, the REITs tenants and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar
arrangements among unrelated parties. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries may make interest and other
payments to us and to third parties in connection with activities related to our properties. There
can be no assurance that our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not be limited in their ability to
deduct certain interest payments made to us. In addition, there can be no assurance that the IRS
might not seek to impose the 100% excise tax on a portion of payments received by us from, or
expenses deducted by, our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Ownership of Partnership Interests by a REIT. A REIT that owns an equity interest in an
entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is deemed to own its share
(based upon its proportionate share of the capital of the partnership) of the assets of the
partnership and is deemed to earn its proportionate share of the partnerships income. The assets
and gross income of the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes
of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs as described below. Thus, our
proportionate share of assets and items of income of the operating partnership, including the
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operating partnerships share of assets and items of income of any subsidiaries that are treated as
partnerships for federal income tax purposes, are treated as assets and items of income of our
company for purposes of applying the REIT asset and income tests. For these purposes, under
current Treasury regulations our interest in each of the partnerships must be determined in
accordance with our capital interest in each entity, as applicable. We have control over the
operating partnership and substantially all of the partnership and limited liability company
subsidiaries of the operating partnership and intend to operate them in a manner that is consistent
with the requirements for qualification of our company as a REIT.
We believe that the operating partnership and each of the partnerships and limited liability
companies in which we own an interest, directly or through another partnership or limited liability
company, will be treated as partnerships or disregarded for federal income tax purposes and will
not be taxable as corporations. If any of these entities were treated as a corporation, it would be
subject to an entity level tax on its income and we could fail to meet the REIT income and asset
tests. See Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITIncome Tests Applicable to REITs and
Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITAsset Tests Applicable to REITs below.
Income Tests Applicable to REITs. To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income
tests which are applied on an annual basis. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or
indirectly at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions,
from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or from some types of
temporary investments. Income from investments relating to real property or mortgages on related
property includes rents from real property, gains on the disposition of real estate, dividends
paid by another REIT and interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at least 95% of our gross
income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from any combination of income
qualifying under the 75% test and dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities.
Rents we receive will qualify as rents from real property for the purpose of satisfying the
gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions are met:
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The amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on
the income or profits of any person. However, an amount we
receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the
term rents from real property solely by reason of being
based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts
or sales; |
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We, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our shares, must not actually or constructively own 10% or more
of the interests in a tenant, or, if the tenant is a
corporation, 10% or more of the voting power or value of all
classes of stock of the tenant. Any such tenant is referred
to as a related party tenant. Rents received from a
related party tenant that is a taxable REIT subsidiary,
however, will not be excluded from the definition of rents
from real property as a result of this condition if either
(i) at least 90% of the space |
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at the property to which the
rents relate is leased to third parties, and the rents paid
by the taxable REIT subsidiary are comparable to rents paid
by our other tenants for comparable space or (ii) the
property is a qualified lodging property and such property
is operated on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary by a
person who is an independent contractor and certain other
requirements are met; |
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Rent attributable to personal property, leased in connection
with a lease of real property, is not greater than 15% of
the total rent received under the lease. If this
requirement is not met, then the portion of rent
attributable to personal property will not qualify as rents
from real property; and |
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We generally must not provide directly impermissible tenant
services to the tenants of a property, subject to a 1% de
minimis exception, other than through an independent
contractor from whom we derive no income or a taxable REIT
subsidiary. We may, however, directly perform certain
services that are usually or customarily rendered in
connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and
are not otherwise considered rendered primarily for the
convenience of the tenant of the property. Examples of
such services include the provision of light, heat, or other
utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common
areas. In addition, we may provide through an independent
contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary, which may be wholly
or partially owned by us, both customary and non-customary
services to our tenants without causing the rent we receive
from those tenants to fail to qualify as rents from real
property. If the total amount of income we receive from
providing impermissible tenant services at a property
exceeds 1% of our total income from that property, then all
of the income from that property will fail to qualify as
rents from real property. Impermissible tenant service
income is deemed to be at least 150% of our direct cost in
providing the service. |
In light of these requirements, we do not intend to take any of the actions listed below,
unless we determine that the resulting nonqualifying income, taken together with all other
nonqualifying income that we earn in the taxable year, will not jeopardize our status as a REIT:
(1) charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits
of any person (unless based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales, as
permitted and described above);
(2) rent any property to a related party tenant, including a taxable REIT subsidiary, unless
the rent from the lease to the taxable REIT subsidiary would qualify for the special
exception from the related party tenant rule applicable to certain leases with a taxable REIT
subsidiary;
(3) derive rental income attributable to personal property other than personal property
leased in connection with the lease of real property, the amount of which is less than 15% of the
total rent received under the lease; or
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(4) directly perform services considered to be noncustomary or rendered to the occupant of
the property.
We provide services and provides access to third party service providers at some or all of our
properties. However, based on our experience in the rental markets where the properties are
located, we believe that all access to service providers and services provided to tenants by our
company either are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of real property
and not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant, or, if considered impermissible services,
will not result in an amount of impermissible tenant service income that will cause us to fail to
meet the income test requirements. However, we cannot provide any assurance that the IRS will
agree with these positions. We monitor the activities at our properties and believe that we have
not provided services that will cause us to fail to meet the income tests. We intend to continue
to monitor the services provided at, and the nonqualifying income arising from, each of our
properties. We have earned and expect to continue to earn a small amount of nonqualifying income
relative our total gross income in any relevant taxable year. We believe that the amount of
nonqualifying income generated from these activities has not affected and will not affect our
ability to meet the 95% gross income tests.
Interest income that depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person
generally will be non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests.
However, interest based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales may still
qualify under the gross income tests. We do not expect to derive significant amounts of interest
that would fail to qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
Our share of any dividends received from our corporate subsidiaries that are not qualified
REIT subsidiaries (and from other corporations in which we own an interest) will qualify for
purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We do not
anticipate that we will receive sufficient dividends to cause us to exceed the limit on
nonqualifying income under the 75% gross income test. Dividends that we receive from other
qualifying REITs will qualify for purposes of both REIT income tests.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year,
we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are entitled to relief under the Code.
These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet the tests is due to
reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we disclose to the IRS the sources of our
income as required by the Code and applicable regulations. It is not possible, however, to state
whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For
example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we
intentionally incur exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the IRS could conclude that the
failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions are
inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will fail to qualify as a REIT. As discussed
under Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITGeneral, even if these relief provisions
apply, a tax would be imposed based on the amount of nonqualifying income.
Prohibited Transaction Income. Any gain that we realize on the sale of any property held as
inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to tenants in the ordinary course of business,
including our share of any such gain realized through our subsidiary partnerships and disregarded
entities for federal income tax purposes, will be treated as income from a prohibited
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transaction
that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory
or primarily for sale to tenants in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of
fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
However, we will not be treated as a dealer in real property with respect to a property we sell for
the purposes of the 100% tax if (i) we have held the property for at least four years for the
production of rental income prior to the sale, (ii) capitalized expenditures on the property in the
four years preceding the sale are less than 30% of the net selling price of the property, and (iii)
we either (a) have seven or fewer sales of property (excluding certain property obtained through
foreclosure) for the year of sale or (b) the aggregate tax basis of property sold during the year
of sale is 10% or less of the aggregate tax basis of all of our assets as of the beginning of the
taxable year and substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to
the property sold are made through an independent contractor from whom we derive no income. The
sale of more than one property to one buyer as part of one transaction constitutes one sale for
purposes of this safe harbor. We intend to hold our facilities for investment with a view to
long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing and owning our
facilities and to make occasional sales of facilities as are consistent with our investment
objectives. However, the IRS may successfully contend that some or all of the sales made by us are
prohibited transactions. In that case, we would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our
allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales.
Penalty Tax. Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest we generate
will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property
that are overstated as a result of services furnished by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries to
any of our tenants, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are
deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary for payments to us that are in excess of the amounts that
would have been deducted based on arms-length negotiations. Rents we receive will not constitute
redetermined rents if they qualify for the safe harbor provisions contained in the Code. Safe
harbor provisions are provided where:
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amounts are excluded from the definition of impermissible
tenant service income as a result of satisfying the 1% de
minimis exception; |
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a taxable REIT subsidiary renders a significant amount of
similar services to unrelated parties and the charges for
such services are substantially comparable; |
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rents paid to us by tenants who are not receiving services
from the taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially
comparable to the rents paid by our tenants leasing
comparable space who are receiving services from the taxable
REIT subsidiary and the charge for the services is
separately stated; or |
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the taxable REIT subsidiarys gross income from the service
is not less than 150% of the taxable REIT subsidiarys
direct cost of furnishing the service. |
While we anticipate that any fees paid to a taxable REIT subsidiary for tenant services will
reflect arms-length rates, a taxable REIT subsidiary may under certain circumstances provide
tenant services which do not satisfy any of the safe-harbor provisions described above.
Nevertheless, these determinations are inherently factual, and the IRS has broad discretion to
assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their
respective incomes. If the IRS successfully made such an assertion, we would be required to pay a
100% penalty tax on the redetermined rent, redetermined deductions or excess interest, as
applicable.
Asset Tests Applicable to REITs. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must
satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets:
(1) At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real
estate assets, cash, cash items and government securities. For purposes of
this test, real estate assets include our allocable share of real estate assets
held by entities that are treated as partnerships or that are disregarded for
federal income tax purposes, as well as stock or debt instruments that are
purchased with the proceeds of an offering of shares or a public offering of
debt with a term of at least five years, but only for the one-year period
beginning on the date we receive such proceeds.
(2) Not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities,
other than those securities includable in the 75% asset class (e.g., securities
that qualify as real estate assets and government securities);
(3) Except for equity investments in REITs, debt or equity investments in
qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, and other securities
that qualify as real estate assets for purpose of the 75% test described in
clause (1):
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the value of any one issuers securities owned by us may not
exceed 5% of the value of our total assets; |
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we may not own more than 10% of any one issuers outstanding
voting securities; and |
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we may not own more than 10% of the total value of the
outstanding securities of any one issuer, other than
securities that qualify for the straight debt exception
discussed below; and |
(4) Not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by
the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Securities for purposes of the asset tests may include debt securities. However, the Code
specifically provides that the following types of debt will not be taken into account for purposes
of the 10% value test: (1) securities that meet the straight debt safe-harbor, as discussed in
the next paragraph; (2) loans to individuals or estates; (3) obligations to pay rent from real
property; (4) rental agreements described in Section 467 of the Code; (5) any security issued by
other REITs; (6) certain securities issued by a state, the District of Columbia, a foreign
government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
and (7) any other arrangement as determined by the IRS. In addition, for purposes of the 10% value
test only, to the extent we hold debt securities that are not described in the preceding sentence,
(a) debt issued by partnerships that derive at least 75% of their gross income from sources that
constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, and (b) debt that is issued
by any partnership, to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership, are not
considered securities.
Debt will meet the straight debt safe harbor if (1) neither we, nor any of our controlled
taxable REIT subsidiaries (i.e., taxable REIT subsidiaries more than 50% of the vote or value of
the outstanding stock of which is directly or indirectly owned by us), own any securities not
described in the preceding paragraph that have an aggregate value greater than one percent of the
issuers outstanding securities, as calculated under the Code, (2) the debt is a written
unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money, (3) the debt
is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (4) the interest rate and the interest
payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits, the borrowers discretion or similar
factors. However, contingencies regarding time of payment and interest are permissible for
purposes of qualifying as a straight debt security if either (1) such contingency does not have the
effect of changing the effective yield of maturity, as determined under the Code, other than a
change in the annual yield to maturity that does not exceed the greater of (i) 5% of the annual
yield to maturity or (ii) 0.25%, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face
amount of the issuers debt instruments held by the REIT exceeds $1,000,000 and not more than 12
months of unaccrued interest can be required to be prepaid thereunder. In addition, debt will not
be disqualified from being treated as straight debt solely because the time or amount of payment
is subject to a contingency upon a default or the exercise of a prepayment right by the
issuer of the debt, provided that such contingency is consistent with customary commercial
practice.
We believe that the aggregate value of our interests in our taxable REIT subsidiaries does not
exceed, and in the future will not exceed, 20% of the aggregate value of our gross assets. As of
each relevant testing date prior to the election to treat each corporate subsidiary of our company
or any other corporation in which we own an interest as a taxable REIT subsidiary, we
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believe we
did not own more than 10% of the voting securities of any such entity. In addition, we believe
that as of each relevant testing date prior to the election to treat each corporate subsidiary of
our company or any other corporation in which we own an interest as a taxable REIT subsidiary of PS
Business Parks, our pro rata share of the value of the securities, including debt, of any such
corporation or other issuer did not exceed 5% of the total value of our assets.
With respect to each issuer in which we currently own an interest that does not qualify as a
REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that our pro rata share
of the value of the securities, including debt, of any such issuer does not exceed 5% of the total
value of our assets and that it complies with the 10% voting securities limitation and 10% value
limitation with respect to each such issuer. However, no independent appraisals have been obtained
to support these conclusions. In this regard, however, we cannot provide any assurance that the
IRS might not disagree with our determinations.
The asset tests must be satisfied not only on the last day of the calendar quarter in which
we, directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, acquire securities in the applicable issuer, but
also on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of
such issuer, including as a result of increasing our interest in pass-through subsidiaries. After
initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a
REIT for failure to satisfy the 25%, 20% or 5% asset tests solely by reason of changes in the
relative values of our assets. If failure to satisfy the 25%, 20% or 5% asset tests results from
an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, we can cure this failure by
disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We
intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset
tests and to take any available action within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be
required to cure any noncompliance with the 25%, 20% or 5% asset tests. Although we plan to take
steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which testing is to
occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful. If we fail to timely
cure any noncompliance with the asset tests, we would cease to qualify as a REIT, unless we satisfy
certain relief provisions described in the next paragraph.
Furthermore, for our 2005 and subsequent taxable years, the failure to satisfy the asset tests
can be remedied even after the 30-day cure period under certain circumstances. If the total value
of the assets that caused a failure of the 5% asset test, the 10% voting securities test or the 10%
value test does not exceed either 1% of our assets at the end of the relevant quarter or
$10,000,000, we can cure such a failure by disposing of sufficient assets to cure such a violation
within six months following the last day of the quarter in which we first identify the failure of
the asset test. For a violation of any of the asset tests not described in the prior sentence
(including the 75%, 25% and the 20% asset tests), we can avoid disqualification as a REIT if the
violation is due to reasonable cause and we dispose of an amount of assets sufficient to cure such
violation within the six-month period described in the preceding sentence. In such a case, we must
also
pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the
net income generated by the nonqualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were
held as nonqualifying assets, and file in accordance with applicable Treasury regulations a
schedule with the IRS that describes the assets. The applicable Treasury regulations are yet to be
issued. Thus, it is not possible to state with precision under what circumstances we would be
entitled to the benefit of these provisions.
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Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs. To qualify as a REIT, we are required
to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders each year in an
amount at least equal to the sum of:
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90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to
the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain; and |
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90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure
property; minus |
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the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income
over 5% of our REIT taxable income. |
In addition, for purposes of this test, non-cash income means income attributable to leveled
stepped rents, original issue discount included in our taxable income without the receipt of a
corresponding payment, cancellation of indebtedness or a like-kind exchange that is later
determined to be taxable. We must pay these distributions in the taxable year to which they
relate, or in the following taxable year if they are declared during the last three months of the
taxable year, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date during such period and paid
during January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as paid by us and received by
our shareholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. In addition, at our
election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return
for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration,
provided such payment is made during the twelve-month period following the close of such year.
These distributions are taxable to our shareholders, other than tax-exempt entities, in the year in
which paid. This is so even though these distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of
our 90% distribution requirement. The amount distributed must not be preferential i.e., every
shareholder of the class of shares with respect to which a distribution is made must be treated the
same as every other shareholder of that class, and no class of shares may be treated otherwise than
in accordance with its dividend rights as a class. To the extent that we do not distribute all of
our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income,
as adjusted, we will be required to pay tax on that amount at regular corporate tax rates. We
intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements.
We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy our annual distribution
requirements. In this regard, the partnership agreement of the operating partnership authorizes
us, as general partner, to take steps as may be necessary to cause the operating partnership
to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit the company to meet these distribution
requirements. Although we anticipate that our cash flow will permit us to make those
distributions, it is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other
liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements. In this event, we may find it necessary to
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arrange
for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings to fund required distributions or to
pay dividends in the form of taxable dividends of our shares.
Under some circumstances, we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the
distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our shareholders in a later
year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may
be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we will be
required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency
dividends.
Furthermore, we will be required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax to the extent we fail to
distribute during each calendar year, or in the case of distributions with declaration and record
dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January following such
calendar year, at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; |
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years. |
Any REIT taxable income and net capital gain on which this excise tax is imposed for any year
is treated as an amount distributed during that year for purposes of calculating such tax and
excess distributions from the immediately preceding year may be carried over.
A REIT may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of its net capital gains
and pay the tax on the gains. In that case, a REIT may elect to have its shareholders include
their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income as long-term capital
gains and receive a credit for their share of the tax paid by the REIT. For purposes of the 4%
excise tax described above, any retained amounts would be treated as having been distributed.
Record-Keeping
Requirements. We are required to comply with applicable record-keeping
requirements. Failure to comply could result in monetary fines.
Failure of PS Business Parks to Qualify as a REIT. If we fail to comply with one or more of
the conditions required for qualification as a REIT (other than asset tests and the income tests
that have the specific savings clauses discussed above in Taxation of PS Business Parks as a
REIT Asset Tests Applicable to REITs, and Taxation of PS Business Parks as a
REIT Income Tests Applicable to REITs), we can avoid termination of our REIT status by
paying a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure, provided that our noncompliance was due to
reasonable cause and not willful neglect. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any
taxable year and the statutory relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax, including
any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.
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Distributions to shareholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be deductible by us,
and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our shareholders. As a result, our
failure to qualify as a REIT would significantly reduce the cash available for distribution by us
to our shareholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to
shareholders will be taxable as dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and
profits, whether or not attributable to capital gains earned by us. Non-corporate shareholders
currently would be taxed on these dividends at capital gains rates; corporate shareholders may be
eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends. Unless entitled to
relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT
for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. There can be
no assurance that we would be entitled to any statutory relief.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
As used in the remainder of this discussion, the term U.S. shareholder means a beneficial
owner of a PS Business Parks common share that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
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a citizen or resident, as defined in Section 7701(b) of the
Code, of the United States; |
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a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or
other entity treated as a corporation or partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes that was created or
organized in or under the laws of the United States or of
any State thereof or in the District of Columbia unless, in
the case of a partnership or limited liability company,
Treasury regulations provide otherwise; |
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal
income taxation regardless of its source; or |
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in general, a trust whose administration is subject to the
primary supervision of a United States court and which has
one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control
all substantial decisions of the trust. Notwithstanding the
preceding sentence, to the extent provided in the Treasury
regulations, certain trusts in existence on August 20, 1996,
and treated as United States persons prior to this date that
elect to continue to be treated as United States persons,
shall also be considered U.S. shareholders. |
If you hold our common shares and are not a U.S. shareholder, you are a non-U.S.
shareholder. If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner in
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the
partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our common shares, you should consult
your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common
shares.
Distributions by PS Business ParksGeneral. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions
out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that are not designated as capital gains
dividends or qualified dividend income will be taxable to our taxable U.S. shareholders as
ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S.
shareholders that are corporations. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders
of common stock or equity stock are out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, our
earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding preferred stock and then to our
outstanding common stock and equity stock.
To the extent that we make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and
profits, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to each U.S.
shareholder. This treatment will reduce the adjusted tax basis that each U.S. shareholder has in
its shares for tax purposes by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions
in excess of a U.S. shareholders adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital
gains, provided that the shares have been held as a capital asset, and will be taxable as long-term
capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October,
November, or December of any year and payable to a shareholder of record on a specified date in any
of these months shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the shareholder on December 31
of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following
calendar year.
Capital Gain Distributions. We may elect to designate distributions of our net capital gain
as capital gain dividends. Distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends
will be taxable to our taxable U.S. shareholders as gain from the sale or disposition of a capital
asset to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable
year. Designations made by us will only be effective to the extent that they comply with Revenue
Ruling 89-81, which requires that distributions made to different classes of shares be composed
proportionately of dividends of a particular type. If we designate any portion of a dividend as a
capital gain dividend, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount
that will be taxable to the shareholder as capital gain. Corporate shareholders, however, may be
required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Instead of paying capital gain dividends, we may designate all or part of our net capital gain
as undistributed capital gain. We will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on any
undistributed capital gain. A U.S. shareholder will include in its income as long-term capital
gains its proportionate share of such undistributed capital gain and will be deemed to have paid
its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gain and receive a
credit or a refund to the extent that the tax paid by us exceeds the U.S. shareholders tax
liability on the undistributed capital gain. A U.S. shareholder will increase the basis in its
common shares by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the
amount of tax it is deemed to have paid. A U.S. shareholder that is a corporation will
appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gain in accordance with
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Treasury regulations to be prescribed by the IRS. Our earnings and profits will be adjusted
appropriately.
We will classify portions of any designated capital gain dividend or undistributed capital
gain as either:
(1) a 15% rate gain distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate U.S.
shareholders at a maximum rate of 15%; or
(2) an unrecaptured Section 1250 gain distribution, which would be taxable
to non-corporate U.S. shareholders at a maximum rate of 25%.
We must determine the maximum amounts that we may designate as 15% and 25% rate capital gain
dividends by performing the computation required by the Code as if the REIT were an individual
whose ordinary income were subject to a marginal tax rate of at least 28%.
Recipients of capital gain dividends from us that are taxed at corporate income tax rates will
be taxed at the normal corporate income tax rates on those dividends.
Qualified Dividend Income. With respect to shareholders who are taxed at the rates
applicable to individuals, we may elect to designate a portion of our distributions paid to
shareholders as qualified dividend income. A portion of a distribution that is properly
designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders as capital
gain, provided that the shareholder has held the common shares with respect to which the
distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is
60 days before the date on which such common shares become ex-dividend with respect to the relevant
distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified
dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:
(1) the qualified dividend income received by us during such taxable year from
non-REIT C corporations (including our corporate subsidiaries, other than
qualified REIT subsidiaries, and our taxable REIT subsidiaries);
(2) the excess of any undistributed REIT taxable income recognized during
the immediately preceding year over the federal income tax paid by us with
respect to such undistributed REIT taxable income; and
(3) the excess of any income recognized during the immediately preceding year
attributable to the sale of a built-in-gain asset that was acquired in a
carry-over basis transaction from a non-REIT C corporation over the federal
income tax paid by us
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with respect to such built-in gain.
Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes
of (1) above if the dividends are received from a domestic corporation (other than a REIT or a
regulated investment company) or a qualified foreign corporation and specified holding period
requirements and other requirements are met. A foreign corporation (other than a passive foreign
investment company) will be a qualified foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession
of the United States, the corporation is eligible for benefits of an income tax treaty with the
United States that the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory, or the stock of the
foreign corporation on which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States. We generally expect that an insignificant portion, if any, of our
distributions will consist of qualified dividend income. If we designate any portion of a dividend
as qualified dividend income, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the
amount that will be taxable to the shareholder as qualified dividend income.
Sunset of Reduced Tax Rate Provisions. The applicable provisions of the federal income tax
laws relating to the 15% rate of capital gain taxation and the applicability of capital gain rates
for designated qualified dividend income of REITs are currently scheduled to sunset or revert
back to provisions of prior law effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.
Upon the sunset of the current provisions, all dividend income of REITs and non-REIT corporations
would be taxable at ordinary income rates and the maximum capital gain tax rate for gains other
than unrecaptured section 1250 gains would be increased (from 15% to 20%). The impact of this
reversion is not discussed herein. Consequently, shareholders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the effect of sunset provisions on an investment in common stock.
Other Tax Considerations. Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange
by a U.S. shareholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result,
U.S. shareholders generally will not be able to apply any passive losses against this income or
gain. Distributions we make, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally
will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.
A U.S. shareholder may elect, depending on its particular situation, to treat capital gain
dividends, capital gains from the disposition of shares and income designated as qualified dividend
income as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitation, in which case the
applicable capital gains will be taxed at ordinary income rates. We will notify shareholders
regarding the portions of our distributions for each year that constitute ordinary income, return
of capital and qualified dividend income. U.S. shareholders may not include in their individual
income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Our operating or capital
losses would be carried over by us for potential offset against future income, subject to
applicable limitations.
Sales of Shares. If a U.S. shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of its shares in a
taxable transaction, it will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount
equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property
received on the sale or other disposition and the holders adjusted basis in the shares for tax
purposes. This gain or loss will be a capital gain or loss if the shares have been held by the
U.S. shareholder as a capital asset. The applicable tax rate will depend on the U.S. shareholders
holding period in the asset (generally, if an asset has been held for more than one year, such gain
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or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss) and the U.S. shareholders tax bracket. A U.S.
shareholder who is an individual or an estate or trust and who has long-term capital gain or loss
will be subject to a maximum capital gain rate, which is currently 15%. The IRS has the authority
to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of
25% (which is generally higher than the long-term capital gain tax rates for noncorporate
shareholders) to a portion of capital gain realized by a noncorporate shareholder on the sale of
REIT shares that would correspond to the REITs unrecaptured Section 1250 gain. In general, any
loss recognized by a U.S. shareholder upon the sale or other disposition of common shares that have
been held for six months or less, after applying the holding period rules, will be treated by such
U.S. shareholders as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions received by the U.S.
shareholder from us that were required to be treated as long-term capital gains. Shareholders are
advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the capital gain liability.
Taxation
of Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Provided that a tax-exempt shareholder, except certain tax-exempt shareholders described
below, has not held its common shares as debt financed property within the meaning of the Code
and the shares are not otherwise used in its trade or business, the dividend income from us and
gain from the sale of our common shares will not be unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, to
a tax-exempt shareholder. Generally, debt financed property is property, the acquisition or
holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt shareholder.
For tax-exempt shareholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services plans exempt from
federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code,
respectively, or single parent title-holding corporations exempt under Section 501(c)(2) and whose
income is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment
in PS Business Parks will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is
able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes
so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our shares. These prospective investors
should consult with their tax advisors concerning these set aside and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a pension-held REIT
are treated as UBTI if received by any trust which is described in Section 401(a) of the Code, is
tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code and holds more than 10%, by value, of the interests in
the REIT. A pension-held REIT includes any REIT if:
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at least one of such trusts holds more than 25%, by value,
of the interests in the REIT, or two or more of such trusts,
each of which owns more than 10%, by value, of the interests
in the REIT, hold in the aggregate more than 50%, by value,
of the interests in the REIT; and
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it would not have qualified as a REIT but for the fact that
Section 856(h)(3) of the Code provides that shares owned by
such trusts shall be treated, for purposes of the not
closely held requirement, as owned by the beneficiaries of
the trust, rather than by the trust itself. |
The percentage of any REIT dividend from a pension-held REIT that is treated as UBTI is
equal to the ratio of the UBTI earned by the REIT, treating the REIT as if it were a pension trust
and therefore subject to tax on UBTI, to the total gross income of the REIT. An exception applies
where the percentage is less than 5% for any year, in which case none of the dividends would be
treated as UBTI. The provisions requiring pension trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions
as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is able to satisfy the not closely held requirement without
relying upon the look-through exception with respect to pension trusts. As a result of certain
limitations on the transfer and ownership of our shares contained in our organizational documents,
we do not expect to be classified as a pension-held REIT, and accordingly, the tax treatment
described above should be inapplicable to our tax-exempt shareholders.
U.S.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The following discussion addresses the rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of the
ownership and disposition of our common shares by non-U.S. shareholders. These rules are complex,
and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a brief summary of such rules. Accordingly, the
discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation and does not address state,
local or foreign tax consequences that may be relevant to a non-U.S. shareholder in light of its
particular circumstances.
Distributions by PS Business Parks. As described in the discussion below, distributions
paid by us with respect to our common shares will be treated for federal income tax purposes as
either:
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ordinary income dividends; |
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long-term capital gain; or |
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return of capital distributions. |
This discussion assumes that our shares will continue to be considered regularly traded on an
established securities market for purposes of the FIRPTA provisions described below. If our
shares are no longer regularly traded on an established securities market, the tax considerations
described below would differ.
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Ordinary Income Dividends. A distribution paid by us to a non-U.S. common shareholder will be
treated as an ordinary income dividend if the distribution is paid out of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits and:
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the distribution is not attributable to our net capital gain; or |
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the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain from the sale of
U.S. real property interests and the non-U.S. common shareholder owns 5%
or less of the relevant class of shares at all times during the 1-year
period ending on the date of the distribution. |
Ordinary dividends that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the
non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to tax on a net basis (that is, after allowance for
deductions) at graduated rates in the same manner as U.S. shareholders (including any applicable
alternative minimum tax).
Generally, we will withhold and remit to the IRS 30% of dividend distributions (including
distributions that may later be determined to have been made in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profits) that could not be treated as capital gain distributions with respect to the
non-U.S. shareholder (and that are not deemed to be capital gain dividends for purposes of the
FIRPTA withholding rules described below) unless:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. shareholder
files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that
reduced treaty rate with us; or |
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the non-U.S. shareholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us
claiming that the distribution is income effectively
connected with the non-U.S. shareholders trade or business. |
Return of Capital Distributions. A distribution in excess of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits will be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder, if at all, as gain from the sale of
common shares to the extent that the distribution exceeds the non-U.S. shareholders basis in its
common shares. A distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will
reduce the non-U.S. shareholders basis in its common shares and will not be subject to U.S.
federal income tax.
We may be required to withhold at least 10% of any distribution in excess of our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, even if a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. shareholder
is not liable for tax on the receipt of that distribution. However, the non-U.S. shareholder may
seek a refund of these amounts from the IRS if the non-U.S. shareholders U.S. tax liability with
respect to the distribution is less than the amount withheld.
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Capital Gain Dividends. A distribution paid by us to a non-U.S. shareholder will be treated as
long-term capital gain if the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits and:
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the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain
(other than from the sale of U.S. real property interests)
and we timely designate the distribution as a capital gain
dividend; or |
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the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain
from the sale of U.S. real property interests and the
non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of the value of the shares at any point during the 1-year period ending on the
date of the distribution. |
Due to recent amendments to the REIT taxation provisions in the Code, it is not entirely clear
whether designated capital gain dividends described in the first bullet point above (that is,
distributions attributable to net capital gain from sources other than the sale of U.S. real
property interests) that are paid to non-U.S. shareholders who own 5% or less of the value of the
relevant class of shares at all times during the 1-year period ending on the date of the
distribution will be treated as long-term capital gain to such non-U.S. shareholders. If we were
to pay such a capital gain dividend, non-U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the taxation of such distribution. Long-term capital gain that a non-U.S. shareholder is
deemed to receive from a capital gain dividend that is not attributable to the sale of U.S. real
property interests generally will not be subject to U.S. tax in the hands of the non-U.S.
shareholder unless:
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the non-U.S. shareholders investment in our common shares
is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of
the non-U.S. shareholder, in which case the non-U.S.
shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S.
shareholders with respect to any gain, except that a
non-U.S. shareholder that is a corporation also may be
subject to the 30% branch profits tax; or |
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the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual
who is present in the United States for 183 days or more
during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United
States in which case the nonresident alien individual will
be subject to a 30% tax on his capital gains. |
Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, referred to as FIRPTA, distributions
that are attributable to net capital gain from the sales by us of U.S. real property interests and
paid to a non-U.S. shareholder that owns more than 5% of the value of common
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shares at any time
during the taxable year during which the distribution is paid will be subject to U.S. tax as income
effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The FIRPTA tax will apply to these
distributions whether or not the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend.
Any distribution paid by us that is treated as a capital gain dividend or that could be
treated as a capital gain dividend with respect to a particular non-U.S. shareholder that owns more
than 5% of the value of common shares at any time during the taxable year during which the
distribution is paid will be subject to special withholding rules under FIRPTA. We will be
required to withhold and remit to the IRS 35% of any distribution that could be treated as a
capital gain dividend with respect to the non-U.S. shareholder, whether or not the distribution is
attributable to the sale by us of U.S. real property interests. The amount withheld is creditable
against the non-U.S. shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability or refundable when the
non-U.S. shareholder properly and timely files a tax return with the IRS.
Undistributed Capital Gain. Although the law is not entirely clear on the matter, it appears
that amounts designated by us as undistributed capital gains in respect of our shares held by
non-U.S. shareholders generally should be treated in the same manner as actual distributions by us
of capital gain dividends. Under that approach, the non-U.S. shareholder would be able to offset as
a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability resulting therefrom their proportionate
share of the tax paid by us on the undistributed capital gains treated as long-term capital gain to
the non-U.S. shareholder, and generally to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent their
proportionate share of the tax paid by us were to exceed the non-U.S. shareholders actual U.S.
federal income tax liability on such long-term capital gain. If we were to designate any portion
of our net capital gain as undistributed capital gain, a non-U.S. shareholder should consult its
tax advisor regarding the taxation of such undistributed capital gain.
Sale of Common Shares. Gain recognized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon the sale or exchange
of our common shares generally would not be subject to U.S. taxation unless:
(1) the investment in our common shares is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. shareholders United States trade or business, in which case the
non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as domestic
shareholders with respect to any gain;
(2) the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present
in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a
tax home in the United States, in which case the nonresident alien individual
will be subject to a 30% tax on the individuals net capital gains from United
States sources for the taxable year; or
(3) our common shares constitute a U.S. real property interest within the
meaning of FIRPTA, as described below.
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Our common shares will not constitute a U.S. real property interest if we are a domestically
controlled REIT. We will be a domestically controlled REIT if, at all times during a specified
testing period, less than 50% in value of our common shares is held directly or indirectly by
non-U.S. shareholders.
We believe that we will be a domestically controlled REIT and, therefore, that the sale of our
common shares by a non-U.S. shareholder would not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because our
common shares are publicly traded, however, we cannot guarantee that we are or will continue to be
a domestically controlled REIT.
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled REIT at the time a non-U.S. shareholder
sells our common shares, gain arising from the sale still would not be subject to FIRPTA tax if:
(1) the class or series of shares sold is considered regularly traded under
applicable Treasury regulations on an established securities market, such as
the New York Stock Exchange; and
(2) the selling non-U.S. shareholder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or
less in value of the outstanding class or series of shares being sold
throughout the shorter of the period during which the non-U.S. shareholders
held such class or series of shares or the five-year period ending on the date
of the sale or exchange.
If gain on the sale or exchange of our common shares by a non-U.S. shareholder were subject to
taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. shareholder would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax
with respect to any gain on a net basis in the same manner as a taxable U.S. shareholder, subject
to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax Applicable to Shareholders
U.S. Shareholders. In general, information-reporting requirements will apply to payments of
distributions on our common shares and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our common shares to
some U.S. shareholders, unless an exception applies. Further, the payer will be required to
withhold backup withholding tax on such payments at the rate of 28% if:
(1) the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payer or to
establish an exemption from backup withholding;
(2) the IRS notifies the payer that the TIN furnished by the payee is incorrect;
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(3) there has been a notified payee under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or
original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Code; or
(4) there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the
payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Code.
Some shareholders, including corporations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder will be allowed as a
credit against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the shareholder
to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of
distributions on our common shares, and backup withholding described above for a U.S. shareholder
will apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an
exemption.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common shares to or through the United
States office of a United States or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and,
possibly, backup withholding as described above for U.S. shareholders, or the withholding tax for
non-U.S. shareholders, as applicable, unless the non-U.S. shareholder certifies as to its non-U.S.
status or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual
knowledge that the shareholder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are
not, in fact, satisfied. The proceeds of the disposition by a non-U.S. shareholder of our common
shares to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information
reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign
corporation for United States tax purposes, or a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income
from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a
U.S. trade or business, a foreign partnership 50% or more of whose interests are held by partners
who are U.S. persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or
business in the United States, then information reporting generally will apply as though the
payment was made through a U.S. office of a United States or foreign broker unless the broker has
documentary evidence as to the non-U.S. shareholders foreign status and has no actual knowledge to
the contrary.
Applicable Treasury regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of shareholders when
payments to the shareholders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate
documentation provided to the payer. If a non-U.S. shareholder fails to comply with the
information reporting requirement, payments to such person may be subject to the full withholding
tax even if such person might have been eligible for a reduced rate of withholding or no
withholding under an applicable income tax treaty. Because the application of these Treasury
regulations varies depending on the shareholders particular circumstances, you are urged to
consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.
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Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts that we withhold under the backup
withholding rules will be refunded or credited against the non-U.S. shareholders federal income
tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Non-U.S. shareholders
should consult with their tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding in their
particular circumstances and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from
backup withholding under current Treasury regulations.
Tax Aspects of the Companys Ownership of Interests in the Operating Partnership and Other Partnerships
General. Substantially all of our investments are held indirectly through the operating
partnership. In general, partnerships are pass-through entities that are not subject to federal
income tax at the partnership level. However, a partner is allocated its proportionate share of
the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and is required to include
these items in calculating its tax liability, without regard to whether it receives a distribution
from the partnership. We include our proportionate share of these partnership items in its income
for purposes of the various REIT income tests and the computation of its REIT taxable income.
Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, we include our proportionate share of assets held
through the operating partnership. See Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITOwnership of
Partnership Interests by a REIT above.
Entity Classification. We believe that the operating partnership and each of the
partnerships and limited liability companies in which we own an interest, directly or through
another partnership or limited liability company, will be treated as a partnership or disregarded
for federal income tax purposes and will not be taxable as a corporation. If any of these entities
were treated as a corporation, it would be subject to an entity level tax on its income and we
could fail to meet the REIT income and asset tests. See Taxation of PS Business Parks as a
REITAsset Tests Applicable to REITs and Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITIncome Tests
Applicable to REITs above.
A partnership is a publicly traded partnership under Section 7704 of the Code if:
(1) interests in the partnership are traded on an established securities market; or
(2) interests in the partnership are readily tradable on a secondary market or the
substantial equivalent of a secondary market.
Under the relevant Treasury regulations, interests in a partnership will not be considered
readily tradable on a secondary market or on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market if
the partnership qualifies for specified safe harbors, which are based on the specific facts and
circumstances relating to the partnership.
The operating partnership currently takes the reporting position for federal income tax
purposes that it is not a publicly traded partnership. There is a significant risk, however, that
the right of a holder of the operating partnership units to redeem the operating partnership units
for common stock could cause the operating partnership units to be considered readily tradable on
the substantial equivalent of a secondary market. Moreover, if the operating partnership units
were considered to be tradable on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market, either now or
in the future, the operating partnership cannot provide any assurance that it would qualify for any
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of the safe harbors mentioned above, or that, if it currently qualifies for a safe harbor, the
operating partnership will continue to qualify for any of the safe harbors in the future.
If the operating partnership is a publicly traded partnership, it will be taxed as a
corporation unless at least 90% of its gross income consists of qualifying income under Section
7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Qualifying income is generally real property rents and other
types of passive income. We believe that the operating partnership will have sufficient qualifying
income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were a publicly traded partnership.
The income requirements applicable to our company in order for it to qualify as a REIT under the
Internal Revenue Code and the definition of qualifying income under the publicly traded partnership
rules are very similar. Although differences exist between these two income tests, we do not
believe that these differences would cause the operating partnership not to satisfy the 90% gross
income test applicable to publicly traded partnerships.
Allocations of Partnership Income, Gain, Loss, Deduction and Credit. A partnership agreement
will generally determine the allocation of income and loss among partners. However, those
allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of
Section 704(b) of the Code and the applicable Treasury regulations, which generally require that
partnership allocations respect the economic arrangement of the partners.
If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the
allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners interests in the partnership, which
will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the
economic arrangement of the partners with respect to the item. The allocations of taxable income
and loss provided for in the partnership agreement of the operating partnership are intended to
comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Under Section 704(c) of the Code, income,
gain, loss, deduction and credit attributable to a property that is contributed to a partnership in
exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the
contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, as applicable, the difference between the
adjusted tax basis and the fair market value of property at the time of contribution. The
difference is known as the book-tax difference. Section 704(c) allocations are for federal income
tax purposes only and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal
arrangements among the partners. Under Treasury regulations promulgated under Section 704(c) of
the Code, similar rules apply when a partnership elects to revalue its assets in limited
situations, such as when a contribution of property is made to a partnership by a new partner.
The partnership agreement of the operating partnership requires that these allocations be made
in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code. Treasury regulations under
Section 704(c) of the Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting
for book-tax differences, including retention of the traditional method or the election of
alternative methods which would permit any distortions caused by a book-tax difference to be
entirely rectified on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a
sale. We and the operating partnership generally have used the traditional method of accounting
for book-tax differences with respect to the properties initially contributed to the operating
partnership in its formation or subsequently acquired by merger or contribution. However, the
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operating partnership may use an alternative method of accounting for book-tax differences with
respect to properties contributed to it or acquired by merger in the future.
In general, if any asset contributed to or revalued by the operating partnership is determined
to have a fair market value that is greater than its adjusted tax basis, partners who have
contributed those assets, including our company, will be allocated lower amounts of depreciation
deductions from those assets for tax purposes by the operating partnership and increased taxable
income and gain on sale. Thus, we may be allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and
possibly greater amounts of taxable income in the event of a sale of contributed assets. These
amounts may be in excess of the economic or book income allocated to us as a result of the sale.
In this regard, it should be noted that, as the general partner of the operating partnership, we
will determine, taking into account the tax consequences to us, when and whether to sell any given
property. See Taxation of PS Business Parks as a REITAnnual Distribution Requirements
Applicable to REITs.
We will be allocated our share of the operating partnerships taxable income or loss for each
year regardless of the amount of cash that may be distributed to us by the operating partnership.
As a result, we could be allocated taxable income for a year in excess of the amount of cash
distributed to us. This excess taxable income is sometimes referred to as phantom income.
Because we rely on cash distributions from the operating partnership to meet our REIT distribution
requirements, which are specified percentages of our REIT taxable income, the recognition of this
phantom income might adversely affect our ability to comply with those requirements.
Other Tax Consequences for PS Business Parks and Our Shareholders
We may be required to pay tax in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in
which we transact business, and our shareholders may be required to pay tax in various state or
local jurisdictions, including those in which they reside. Our state and local tax treatment may
not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. In addition, a shareholders
state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed
above. Consequently, prospective investors should consult with their tax advisors regarding the
effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our common shares.
A portion of our income is earned through our taxable REIT subsidiaries. The taxable REIT
subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income tax at the full applicable corporate
rates. In addition, a taxable REIT subsidiary will be limited in its ability to deduct interest
payments in excess of a certain amount made directly or indirectly to us. To the extent that our
company and our taxable REIT subsidiaries are required to pay federal, state or local taxes, we
will have less cash available for distribution to shareholders.
Tax Shelter Reporting
If a holder recognizes a loss as a result of a transaction with respect to our shares of at
least (i) for a holder that is an individual, S corporation, trust or a partnership with at least
one noncorporate partner, $2 million or more in a single taxable year or $4 million or more in a
combination of taxable years, or (ii) for a holder that is either a corporation or a partnership
with only corporate partners, $10 million or more in a single taxable year or $20 million or more
in a combination of taxable years, such holder may be required to file a disclosure statement with
the
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IRS on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from
this reporting requirement, but shareholders of a REIT currently are not excepted. The fact that a
loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the
taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to
determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them or
may sell the securities to investors directly or through agents. Any such underwriter or agent
involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Direct sales to investors may be accomplished through subscription offerings or through
shareholder purchase rights distributed to shareholders. In connection with subscription offerings
or the distribution of shareholder purchase rights to shareholders, if all of the underlying
securities are not subscribed for, we may sell such unsubscribed securities to third parties
directly or through underwriters or agents and, in addition, whether or not all of the underlying
securities are subscribed for, we may concurrently offer additional securities to third parties
directly or through underwriters or agents. Any such underwriter or agent involved in the offer
and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. If securities
are to be sold through shareholder purchase rights, such shareholder purchase rights will be
distributed as a dividend to the shareholders for which they will pay no separate consideration.
The prospectus supplement with respect to the offer of securities pursuant to shareholder purchase
rights will set forth the relevant terms of the shareholder purchase rights, including (i) whether
common stock or common stock warrants, or both, will be offered pursuant to the shareholder
purchase rights and the number of shares of common stock and common stock warrants, as applicable,
which will be offered pursuant to the shareholder purchase rights, (ii) the period during which and
the price at which the shareholder purchase rights will be exercisable, (iii) the number of
shareholder purchase rights then outstanding, (iv) any provisions for changes to or adjustments in
the exercise price of the shareholder purchase rights and (v) any other material terms of the
shareholder purchase rights.
Underwriters may offer and sell the securities at a fixed price or prices, which may be
changed, at prices related to the prevailing market prices at the time of sale or at negotiated
prices. We also may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our agents to offer and
sell the securities upon the terms and conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. In connection with the sale of securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received
compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may
also receive commissions from purchasers of securities for whom they may act as agent.
Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation
in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from
the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.
Any underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents in connection with the
offering of securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to
participating dealers, will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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Underwriters,
dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be
underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on
resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the
Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into
with us, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
Securities may also be offered and sold, if so indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a redemption
or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more firms, referred to as
remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as our agents. Any remarketing
firm will be identified and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and its compensation will
be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be
underwriters in connection with the securities remarketed thereby. Remarketing firms may be
entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against
certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and may be customers of,
engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize dealers acting as
our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities at the offering price
set forth in such prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for
payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in such prospectus supplement. Each contract will
be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate principal amount of securities sold pursuant to
contracts shall be not less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the applicable
prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom contracts, when authorized, may be made include
commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational
and charitable institutions, and other institutions but will in all cases be subject to our
approval. Contracts will not be subject to any conditions except (i) the purchase by an
institution of the securities covered by its contracts will not at the time of delivery be
prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which such institution is
subject, and (ii) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we will have sold to such
underwriters the total principal amount of the securities less the principal amount thereof covered
by contracts. Agents and underwriters will have no responsibility in respect of the delivery or
performance of contracts.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of
securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock,
which is listed on the American Stock Exchange. We may elect to list any other class or series of
securities on any exchange, but we are not currently obligated to do so. It is possible
that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the
underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time
without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of
the securities.
Certain of the underwriters, if any, and their affiliates may be customers of, engage in
transactions with and perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
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LEGAL OPINIONS
Stephanie Heim, our vice president and counsel, has delivered an opinion to the effect that
the securities offered by this prospectus will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., Washington, D.C., has delivered an opinion as to our status as a REIT. See
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
EXPERTS
Ernst & Young LLP,
independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements
and schedule included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and managements
assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, as
set forth in their reports, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in
the registration statement. Such financial statements and schedule and managements assessment are incorporated by reference
in reliance on Ernst & Young LLPs reports, given on their authority as experts in accounting and
auditing.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The estimated expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, in connection with
the offerings of the Securities, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Fee Securities and Exchange Commission |
|
$ |
30,700 |
|
Transfer Agent, Depositary and Trustee Fees |
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
Rating Agency Fees |
|
$ |
400,000 |
|
Printing and Engraving Expenses |
|
$ |
300,000 |
|
Legal Fees and Expenses |
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
Accounting Fees and Expenses |
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
Miscellaneous |
|
$ |
31,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
1,362,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Subject to certain exceptions, under California law, a corporation has the power to indemnify
agents (as defined in Section 317 of the California Corporations Code) of the corporation against
expenses and other amounts incurred in connection with certain legal proceedings if the agents
acted in good faith. The Registrants directors and officers are considered agents of the
Registrant for this purpose.
Article V of the Registrants Articles of Incorporation provides that the liability of
directors for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permissible under
California law. Article VI of the Articles of Incorporation provides that the Registrant is
authorized to provide indemnification of agents through bylaw provisions, agreements with agents,
vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification
otherwise permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code, subject only to the
applicable limits set forth in Section 204 of the California Corporations Code with respect to
actions for breach of duty to the corporation and its shareholders. See Articles V and VI of the
Articles of Incorporation (Exhibit 3.1), which are incorporated herein by this reference.
Article VII of the Registrants Bylaws provides that the Registrant shall indemnify each of
its agents to the maximum extent permitted by the California General Corporation Law, as the same
exists on the date of adoption of this Article VII or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but
in the case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such amendment or
interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than were
permitted prior to such amendment or interpretation), against expenses, judgments, fines,
settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding
arising by reason of the fact any such person is or was an agent of the corporation. Article VII
also permits the Registrant to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of the
Registrant against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or
arising out of the agents status as such whether or not the Registrant would have the obligation
to indemnify the agent against that liability under the provisions of the Article VII. See Article
VII of the Bylaws (Exhibit 3.24), which is incorporated herein by this reference.
The Registrant maintains liability insurance on behalf of its agents.
The Registrant has also entered into indemnity agreements with its management and
non-management directors and executive officers. The agreements permit the Registrant to indemnify
directors and executive officers to the maximum extent permitted under California law and prohibit
the Registrant from terminating its indemnification obligations as to acts or omissions of
II-1
any director or executive officer occurring before the termination. The indemnification and
limitations on liability permitted by the Articles of Incorporation and the agreements are subject
to the limitations set forth by California law. The Registrant believes the indemnification
agreements will assist it in attracting and retaining qualified individuals to serve as directors
and executive officers of the Registrant.
Item 16. Exhibits
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
1.1
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.(1) |
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Restated Articles of Incorporation. Filed with Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-3
(No. 333-78627) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.75% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series X Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series X Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series Y Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2000 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 9.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 7,
2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.7
|
|
Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 9.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 91/4% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.9
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.75% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 18, 2002 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.10
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.95% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.11
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.00% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 16, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.12
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 6.875% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated March
31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.13
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.50% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
II-2
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
3.14
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.950% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated June
24, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.15
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.60% Series L Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated August
23, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.16
|
|
Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Determination of Preferences for the 7.00%
Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current
Report on Form 8-K dated October 18, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.17
|
|
Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences for the 7.00% Cumulative Preferred
Stock, Series H of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K
dated October 18, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.18
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.20% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M of PS
Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 29, 2005 and
incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.19
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7?% Series N Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
December 16, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.20
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Series O Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated May
18, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.21
|
|
Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Cumulative
Preferred Stock, Series O of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K dated August 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.22
|
|
Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Series O Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K dated August 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.23
|
|
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 6.70% Series P Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 9, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
3.24
|
|
Restated Bylaws. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference |
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Certificate of Determination for additional series of Preferred Stock. (1) |
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
Form of Deposit Agreement. (1) |
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
Form of Certificate of Determination for additional series of Equity Stock. (1) |
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
Form of Warrant Agreement. (1) |
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
Form of Indenture for Debt Securities. (1) |
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of Stephanie Heim as to the legality of the securities being registered. Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Opinion of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. regarding tax matters. Filed herewith. |
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
Statement on computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges. Filed as Exhibit 12 with
Registrants Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 |
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23.1
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Consent of Ernst & Young LLP. Filed herewith. |
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23.2
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Consent of Stephanie Heim (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
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23.3
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Consent of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. (included in exhibit 8.1). |
II-3
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(1) |
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To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of
Securities. |
Item 17. Undertakings.
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(a) |
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The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
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(1) |
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To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration statement; |
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(i) |
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To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933; |
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(ii) |
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To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a
fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that
which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated
maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume
and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in the
effective registration statement; |
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(iii) |
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To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement or any
material change to such information in this registration statement; |
provided, however, that subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of this section do not apply
if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the
registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained
in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration
statement.
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(2) |
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That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each
such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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(3) |
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To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
Securities being registered which remains unsold at the termination of the offering. |
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(4) |
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That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933
to any purchaser: |
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(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed
to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was
deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
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(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7)
as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering
made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the
information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to
be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date
such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first
contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As
provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at
that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the
registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to
which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no
statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed |
II-4
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incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part
of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale
prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the
registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or
made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
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(5) |
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That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the
Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities.
the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the
undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the
underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are
offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the
undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer
or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
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(i) |
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Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned
registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
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(ii) |
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Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or
on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned
registrant; |
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(iii) |
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The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the
offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its
securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
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(iv) |
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Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by
the registrant to the purchaser. |
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes that, for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrants annual report pursuant to
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee
benefit plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by
reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be
permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by
a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. the payment by
the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the
registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the
registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose
of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the
Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under
Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it
has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and
has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Glendale, State of California, on the 28th day
of February, 2007.
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PS BUSINESS PARKS, INC. |
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By:
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/s/ Joseph D. Russell, Jr. |
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Joseph D. Russell, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer |
Each person whose signature appears below hereby authorizes Edward A. Stokx and Stephanie
Heim, and each of them, as attorney-in-fact, to sign on his behalf, individually and in each
capacity stated below, any amendment, including post-effective amendments to this Registration
Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has
been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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Name |
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Title |
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Date |
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/s/ Ronald L. Havner, Jr.
Ronald L. Havner, Jr. |
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Chairman of the Board and Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Joseph D. Russell, Jr.
Joseph D. Russell, Jr. |
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President, Chief Executive
Officer and Director (principal
executive officer)
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Edward A. Stokx
Edward A. Stokx |
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Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and
principal accounting officer)
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Vern O. Curtis
Vern O. Curtis |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Arthur M. Friedman
Arthur M. Friedman |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ James H. Kropp
James H. Kropp |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Harvey Lenkin
Harvey Lenkin |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Alan K. Pribble
Alan K. Pribble |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ R. Wesley Burns
R. Wesley Burns |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
/s/ Michael V. McGee
Michael V. McGee |
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Director
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February 28, 2007 |
II-6
Exhibit Index
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Exhibit No. |
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Description |
1.1
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Form of Underwriting Agreement.(1) |
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3.1
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Restated Articles of Incorporation. Filed with Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-3
(No. 333-78627) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.2
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.75% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.3
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series X Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.4
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Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series X Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1999 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated
herein by reference. |
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3.5
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.875% Series Y Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2000 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.6
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 9.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 7,
2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.7
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Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 9.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by
reference. |
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3.8
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 91/4% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 2001 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.9
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 8.75% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 18, 2002 (SEC File No. 001-10709) and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.10
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.95% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.11
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.00% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 16, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.12
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 6.875% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated March
31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.13
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.50% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.14
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.950% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated June
24, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
II-7
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Exhibit No. |
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Description |
3.15
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.60% Series L Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated August
23, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.16
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Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Determination of Preferences for the 7.00%
Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current
Report on Form 8-K dated October 18, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.17
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Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences for the 7.00% Cumulative Preferred
Stock, Series H of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K
dated October 18, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.18
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.20% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M of PS
Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 29, 2005 and
incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.19
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7?% Series N Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
December 16, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.20
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Series O Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated May
18, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.21
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Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Cumulative
Preferred Stock, Series O of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K dated August 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.22
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Amendment to Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 7.375% Series O Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K dated August 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.23
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Certificate of Determination of Preferences of 6.70% Series P Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock of PS Business Parks, Inc. Filed with Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated
January 9, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.24
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Restated Bylaws. Filed with Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference |
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4.1
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Form of Certificate of Determination for additional series of Preferred Stock. (1) |
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4.2
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Form of Deposit Agreement. (1) |
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4.3
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Form of Certificate of Determination for additional series of Equity Stock. (1) |
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4.4
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Form of Warrant Agreement. (1) |
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4.5
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Form of Indenture for Debt Securities. (1) |
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5.1
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Opinion of Stephanie Heim as to the legality of the securities being registered. Filed herewith. |
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8.1
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Opinion of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. regarding tax matters. Filed herewith. |
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12.1
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Statement on computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges. Filed herewith. |
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23.1
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Consent of Ernst & Young LLP. Filed herewith. |
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23.2
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Consent of Stephanie Heim (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
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23.3
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Consent of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. (included in exhibit 8.1). |
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(1) |
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To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of
Securities. |
II-8