UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Commission file number 1-11848
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
MISSOURI 43-1627032
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1370 TIMBERLAKE MANOR PARKWAY, CHESTERFIELD, MISSOURI 63017
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (636) 736-7439
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
Name of each exchange
Title of each class on which registered
------------------- ---------------------
Common Stock, par value $0.01 New York Stock Exchange
Trust Preferred Income Equity Redeemable
Securities (PIERS(SM)) Units New York Stock Exchange
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as
defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes X No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or an non-accelerated filer.
Large accelerated filer [X] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer[ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company.
Yes No X
--- ---
The aggregate market value of the stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Common Stock on June 30,
2005, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was approximately $1.4 billion.
As of January 31, 2006, Registrant had outstanding 61,079,064 shares of common
stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement in connection with the 2006
Annual Meeting of Shareholders ("the Proxy Statement") which will be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the
Registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, are incorporated by reference
in Part III of this Form 10-K.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
FORM 10-K
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
INDEX
ITEM PAGE
NUMBER OF THIS FORM
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PART I
1. BUSINESS................................................ 4
1A. RISK FACTORS............................................ 17
2. PROPERTIES.............................................. 25
3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS....................................... 26
4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS..... 27
PART II
5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED
STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES........................................... 27
6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA................................. 28
7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.................. 30
7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK................................................. 60
8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA............. 60
9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.................. 97
9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES................................. 97
9B. OTHER INFORMATION....................................... 99
PART III
10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT...... 99
11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.................................. 100
12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS........... 100
13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.......... 101
14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.................. 101
PART IV
15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.............. 102
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Item 1. BUSINESS
A. OVERVIEW
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated ("RGA") is an insurance holding
company that was formed on December 31, 1992. As of December 31, 2005, General
American Life Insurance Company ("General American"), a Missouri life insurance
company, directly owned approximately 52.8% of the outstanding shares of common
stock of RGA. General American is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc., a
New York-based insurance and financial services holding company.
The consolidated financial statements herein include the assets,
liabilities, and results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA
Reinsurance"), RGA Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd. ("RGA Barbados"), RGA
Life Reinsurance Company of Canada ("RGA Canada"), RGA Americas Reinsurance
Company, Ltd. ("RGA Americas"), RGA Reinsurance Company of Australia, Limited
("RGA Australia") and RGA Reinsurance UK Limited ("RGA UK") as well as several
other subsidiaries subject to an ownership position of greater than fifty
percent (collectively, the "Company").
The Company is primarily engaged in traditional life, asset-intensive,
critical illness and financial reinsurance. RGA and its predecessor, the
Reinsurance Division of General American, have been engaged in the business of
life reinsurance since 1973. The Company's more established operations in the
U.S. and Canada contributed approximately 72% of its consolidated net premiums
during 2005. In 1994, the Company began expanding into international markets and
now has subsidiaries, branch operations, or representative offices in Australia,
Barbados, China, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, South
Korea, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. RGA is considered to be one of the
leading life reinsurers in the North American market based on amounts of life
reinsurance in force. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had approximately
$1.7 trillion of life reinsurance in force and $16.2 billion in consolidated
assets.
Reinsurance is an arrangement under which an insurance company, the
"reinsurer," agrees to indemnify another insurance company, the "ceding
company," for all or a portion of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding
company. Reinsurance is designed to (i) reduce the net liability on individual
risks, thereby enabling the ceding company to increase the volume of business it
can underwrite, as well as increase the maximum risk it can underwrite on a
single life or risk; (ii) stabilize operating results by leveling fluctuations
in the ceding company's loss experience; (iii) assist the ceding company in
meeting applicable regulatory requirements; and (iv) enhance the ceding
company's financial strength and surplus position.
Life reinsurance primarily refers to reinsurance of individual term life
insurance policies, whole life insurance policies, universal life insurance
policies, and joint and last survivor insurance policies. Asset-intensive
reinsurance primarily refers to reinsurance of annuities and corporate-owned
life insurance. Critical illness reinsurance pays on the earlier of death or
diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Financial reinsurance primarily
involves assisting ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory
requirements while enhancing the ceding companies' financial strength and
regulatory surplus position. Financial reinsurance transactions do not qualify
as reinsurance for U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")
accounting. Ceding companies typically contract with more than one reinsurance
company to reinsure their business.
Reinsurance may be written on an indemnity or an assumption basis.
Indemnity reinsurance does not discharge a ceding company from liability to the
policyholder. A ceding company is required to pay the full amount of its
insurance obligations regardless of whether it is entitled or able to receive
payments from its reinsurers. In the case of assumption reinsurance, the ceding
company is discharged from liability to the policyholder, with such liability
passed directly to the reinsurer. Reinsurers also may purchase reinsurance,
known as retrocession reinsurance, to cover their risk exposure. Reinsurance
companies enter into retrocession agreements for reasons similar to those that
drive primary insurers to purchase reinsurance.
Reinsurance generally is written on a facultative or automatic treaty
basis. Facultative reinsurance is individually underwritten by the reinsurer for
each policy to be reinsured, with the pricing and other terms established at the
time the policy is underwritten based upon rates negotiated in advance.
Facultative reinsurance normally is purchased by insurance companies for
medically impaired lives, unusual risks, or liabilities in excess of the binding
limits specified in their automatic reinsurance treaties.
An automatic reinsurance treaty provides that the ceding company will cede
risks to a reinsurer on specified blocks of policies where the underlying
policies meet the ceding company's underwriting criteria. In contrast to
facultative reinsurance, the reinsurer does not approve each individual policy
being reinsured. Automatic reinsurance treaties generally provide that the
reinsurer will be liable for a portion of the risk associated with the specified
policies written by the ceding
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company. Automatic reinsurance treaties specify the ceding company's binding
limit, which is the maximum amount of risk on a given life that can be ceded
automatically and that the reinsurer must accept. The binding limit may be
stated either as a multiple of the ceding company's retention or as a stated
dollar amount.
Facultative and automatic reinsurance may be written as yearly renewable
term, coinsurance, or modified coinsurance. Under a yearly renewable term
treaty, the reinsurer assumes only the mortality or morbidity risk. Under a
coinsurance arrangement, depending upon the terms of the contract, the reinsurer
may share in the risk of loss due to mortality or morbidity, lapses, and the
investment risk, if any, inherent in the underlying policy. Modified coinsurance
differs from coinsurance in that the assets supporting the reserves are retained
by the ceding company while the risk is transferred to the reinsurer.
Generally, the amount of life reinsurance ceded under facultative and
automatic reinsurance agreements is stated on an excess or a quota share basis.
Reinsurance on an excess basis covers amounts in excess of an agreed-upon
retention limit. Retention limits vary by ceding company and also may vary by
age and underwriting classification of the insured, product, and other factors.
Under quota share reinsurance, the ceding company states its retention in terms
of a fixed percentage of the risk that will be retained, with the remainder up
to the maximum binding limit to be ceded to one or more reinsurers.
Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, may provide for
recapture rights, which permit the ceding company to reassume all or a portion
of the risk formerly ceded to the reinsurer after an agreed-upon period of time
(generally 10 years) or in some cases due to changes in the financial condition
or ratings of the reinsurer. Recapture of business previously ceded does not
affect premiums ceded prior to the recapture of such business, but would reduce
premiums in subsequent periods. The potential adverse effects of recapture
rights are mitigated by the following factors: (i) recapture rights vary by
treaty and the risk of recapture is a factor that is considered when pricing a
reinsurance agreement; (ii) ceding companies generally may exercise their
recapture rights only to the extent they have increased their retention limits
for the reinsured policies; and (iii) ceding companies generally must recapture
all of the policies eligible for recapture under the agreement in a particular
year if any are recaptured, which prevents a ceding company from recapturing
only the most profitable policies. In addition, when a ceding company increases
its retention and recaptures reinsured policies, the reinsurer releases the
reserves it maintained to support the recaptured portion of the policies.
Reinsurers, at their discretion, may place assets in trust to satisfy
collateral requirements for certain treaties. As of December 31, 2005, the
Company held securities in trust for this purpose with amortized costs of $769.2
million and $1,454.3 million for the benefit of certain subsidiaries and
third-party reinsurance treaties, respectively. Under certain conditions, RGA
may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA subsidiary company to another
RGA subsidiary or make payments under a given treaty. These conditions include
change in control of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty,
or loss of the reinsurance license of such subsidiary. If RGA were ever required
to perform under these obligations, the risk to the consolidated company under
the reinsurance treaties would not change; however, additional capital may be
required due to the change in jurisdiction of the subsidiary reinsuring the
business and may create a strain on liquidity.
Some treaties give the ceding company the right to force the reinsurer to
place assets in trust for the ceding company's benefit to support reserve
credits, in the event of a downgrade of the reinsurer's ratings to specified
levels, generally non-investment grade levels. As of December 31, 2005, the
Company had approximately $388.0 million in reserves associated with these types
of treaties. Assets placed in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but
their use is restricted based on the terms of the trust agreement.
B. CORPORATE STRUCTURE
RGA is an insurance holding company, the principal assets of which consist
of the common stock of Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated ("RCM"),
RGA Barbados, RGA Canada and RGA Americas, as well as investments in several
other wholly-owned subsidiaries. Potential sources of funds for RGA to make
stockholder dividend distributions and to fund debt service obligations are
dividends paid to RGA by its operating subsidiaries, securities maintained in
its investment portfolio, and proceeds from securities offerings. RCM's primary
sources of funds are dividend distributions paid by RGA Reinsurance Company,
whose principal source of funds is derived from current operations. Dividends
paid by the Company's reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to regulatory
restrictions of the respective governing bodies where each reinsurance
subsidiary is domiciled.
The Company has five main operational segments: U.S., Canada, Europe &
South Africa, Asia Pacific and Corporate and Other. These operating segments
write reinsurance business that is wholly or partially retained in one or more
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of the Company's reinsurance subsidiaries. See "Segments" for more information
concerning the Company's operating segments.
Intercorporate Relationships
General American and MetLife have historically provided certain
administrative services to RGA and RGA Reinsurance. Such services include risk
management and corporate travel. The cost for the years ended December 31, 2005,
2004 and 2003 was approximately $1.7 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million,
respectively.
Management does not believe that the various amounts charged for these
services would be materially different if they had been incurred from an
unrelated third party.
RGA Reinsurance also has a product license and service agreement with
MetLife. Under this agreement, RGA has licensed the use of its electronic
underwriting product to MetLife and provides Internet hosting services,
installation and modification services for the product. The Company recorded
revenue under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
of approximately $1.6 million, $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively.
The Company also has arms-length direct policies and reinsurance agreements
with MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2005, the
Company had reinsurance-related assets and liabilities from these agreements
totaling $226.9 million and $281.0 million, respectively. Prior year comparable
assets and liabilities were $143.2 million and $173.3 million, respectively.
Additionally, the Company reflected net premiums from these agreements of
approximately $226.7 million, $164.4 million, and $157.9 million in 2005, 2004,
and 2003, respectively. The premiums reflect the net of business assumed from
and ceded to MetLife and its subsidiaries. The pre-tax gain on this business was
approximately $14.7 million, $36.5 million, and $19.4 million in 2005, 2004, and
2003, respectively.
Ratings
Insurer financial strength ratings represent the opinions of rating
agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its
obligations under an insurance policy. Credit ratings represent the opinions of
rating agencies regarding an entity's ability to repay its indebtedness. The
Company's insurer financial strength ratings and credit ratings as of the date
of this filing are listed in the table below for each rating agency that meets
with the Company's management on a regular basis:
A.M. Best Moody's Investors Standard &
Company (1) Service (2) Poor's (3)
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Insurer Financial Strength Ratings
RGA Reinsurance Company A+ A1 AA-
RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada A+ Not Rated AA-
RGA International Reinsurance Company Not Rated Not Rated AA-
RGA Global Reinsurance Company Not Rated Not Rated AA-
Credit Ratings
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Senior Unsecured a- Baa1 A-
Junior Subordinated Debentures bbb Baa3 BBB
RGA Capital Trust I (Preferred Securities) bbb+ Baa2 BBB
(1) An A.M. Best Company ("A.M. Best") insurer financial strength rating of "A+
(superior)" is the second highest out of fifteen possible ratings and is
assigned to companies that have, in A.M. Best's opinion, a superior ability
to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. Financial strength
ratings range from "A++ (superior)" to "F (in liquidation)."
A credit rating of "a-" is in the "strong" category and is the seventh
highest rating out of twenty-two possible ratings. Ratings of "bbb+" and
"bbb" are in the "adequate" category and are the eighth and ninth highest
ratings.
(2) A Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") insurer financial strength rating
of "A1 (good)" is the fifth highest rating out of twenty-one possible
ratings and indicates that Moody's believes the insurance company offers
good financial security; however, elements may be present which suggest a
susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Moody's credit ratings of "Baa1", "Baa2" and "Baa3" are in the
"medium-grade" category and represent the eighth, ninth and tenth highest
ratings, respectively, out of twenty-two possible ratings. According to
Moody's, obligations with these ratings are subject to moderate credit
risk.
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(3) A Standard & Poor's ("S&P") insurer financial strength rating of "AA- (very
strong)" is the fourth highest rating out of twenty-one possible ratings.
According to S&P's rating scale, a rating of "AA-" means that, in S&P's
opinion, the insurer has very strong financial security characteristics.
S&P credit ratings of "A-" and "BBB" are in the "strong" and "good"
categories, respectively, and represent the seventh and ninth highest
ratings, respectively, out of twenty-two possible ratings. According to
S&P, an obligation rated "A-" is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse
effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than
obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to
meet its financial commitment of the obligation is still strong. According
to S&P, an obligation rated "BBB" exhibits adequate protection parameters.
However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
The ability to write reinsurance partially depends on an insurer's
financial condition and its financial strength ratings. These ratings are based
on an insurance company's ability to pay policyholder obligations and are not
directed toward the protection of investors. Each of the Company's credit
ratings is considered investment grade. RGA's ability to raise capital for its
business and the cost of this capital is influenced by its credit ratings. A
security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. It is
subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating
organization, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other
rating.
On January 31, 2005, MetLife announced an agreement to purchase Travelers
Life & Annuity and substantially all of Citigroup's international insurance
business. To help finance that transaction, MetLife indicated that it would
consider select asset sales, including its holdings of RGA's common stock. In
response to MetLife's announcement, Moody's placed the Company's ratings on
review with direction uncertain and S&P placed the Company's ratings on credit
watch with negative implications. On July 14, 2005, Moody's reaffirmed the
Company's ratings and changed the direction from uncertain to stable. A.M. Best
reaffirmed the Company's ratings on August 2, 2005 and changed the outlook from
stable to negative due to weakened operating performance during the second
quarter of 2005 and uncertainty with respect to future ownership by MetLife.
Regulation
RGA Reinsurance and RCM; RGA Canada; General American Argentina Seguros de
Vida, S.A. ("GA Argentina"); RGA Barbados and RGA Americas; RGA Global
Reinsurance Company, Ltd.; RGA Australia; RGA International; Reinsurance Company
of South Africa, Limited ("RGA South Africa"); and RGA UK are regulated by
authorities in Missouri, Canada, Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Australia,
Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, respectively. RGA Reinsurance is
also subject to regulations in the other jurisdictions in which it is licensed
or authorized to do business. Insurance laws and regulations, among other
things, establish minimum capital requirements and limit the amount of
dividends, distributions, and intercompany payments affiliates can make without
prior regulatory approval. Additionally, Missouri law imposes restrictions on
the amounts and type of investments that insurance companies like RGA
Reinsurance may hold.
General
The insurance laws and regulations, as well as the level of supervisory
authority that may be exercised by the various insurance departments, vary by
jurisdiction, but generally grant broad powers to supervisory agencies or
regulators to examine and supervise insurance companies and insurance holding
companies with respect to every significant aspect of the conduct of the
insurance business, including approval or modification of contractual
arrangements. These laws and regulations generally require insurance companies
to meet certain solvency standards and asset tests, to maintain minimum
standards of business conduct, and to file certain reports with regulatory
authorities, including information concerning their capital structure,
ownership, and financial condition, and subject insurers to potential
assessments for amounts paid by guarantee funds.
The Company's reinsurance subsidiaries are required to file statutory
financial statements in each jurisdiction in which they are licensed and may be
subject to periodic examinations by the insurance regulators of the
jurisdictions in which each is licensed, authorized, or accredited. To date,
none of the regulator's reports related to the Company's periodic examinations
have contained material adverse findings.
Although some of the rates and policy terms of U.S. direct insurance
agreements are regulated by state insurance departments, the rates, policy
terms, and conditions of reinsurance agreements generally are not subject to
regulation by any regulatory authority. However, the National Association of
Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") Model Law on Credit for
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Reinsurance, which has been adopted in most states, imposes certain requirements
for an insurer to take reserve credit for risk ceded to a reinsurer. Generally,
the reinsurer is required to be licensed or accredited in the insurer's state of
domicile, or security must be posted for reserves transferred to the reinsurer
in the form of letters of credit or assets placed in trust. The NAIC Life and
Health Reinsurance Agreements Model Regulation, which has been passed in most
states, imposes additional requirements for insurers to claim reserve credit for
reinsurance ceded (excluding yearly renewable term reinsurance and
non-proportional reinsurance). These requirements include bona fide risk
transfer, an insolvency clause, written agreements, and filing of reinsurance
agreements involving in force business, among other things.
The Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation, commonly
referred to as Regulation XXX, was implemented in the U.S. for various types of
life insurance business beginning January 1, 2000. Regulation XXX significantly
increased the level of reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance
companies must hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of
life insurance business, primarily certain level term life products. The reserve
levels required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in
excess of reserves required under GAAP. In situations where primary insurers
have reinsured business to reinsurers that are unlicensed and unaccredited in
the U.S., the reinsurer must provide collateral equal to its reinsurance
reserves in order for the ceding company to receive statutory financial
statement credit. Reinsurers have historically utilized letters of credit for
the benefit of the ceding company, or have placed assets in trust for the
benefit of the ceding company as the primary forms of collateral. The increasing
nature of the statutory reserves under Regulation XXX will likely require
increased levels of collateral from reinsurers in the future to the extent the
reinsurer remains unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S.
In order to reduce the effect of Regulation XXX, RGA Reinsurance has
retroceded Regulation XXX reserves to unaffiliated and affiliated unlicensed
reinsurers. RGA Reinsurance's statutory capital may be significantly reduced if
the unaffiliated or affiliated reinsurer is unable to provide the required
collateral to support RGA Reinsurance's statutory reserve credits and RGA
Reinsurance cannot find an alternative source for collateral.
RGA Reinsurance and RCM prepare statutory financial statements in
conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of
Missouri. The State of Missouri requires that insurance companies domiciled in
the State of Missouri prepare their statutory basis financial statements in
accordance with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures manual subject to
any deviations prescribed or permitted by the State of Missouri insurance
commissioner.
RGA Canada is subject to federal regulation in Canada through the Office of
the Superintendent of Financial Institutions ("OSFI"). Among other things, OSFI
regulates the level of reserves and capital that must be held by an insurance
company. The level of required regulatory reserves in Canada may be
significantly higher than the reserves required under U.S. GAAP. In order to
reduce its level of regulatory reserves, RGA Canada has entered into various
reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers. In order for
RGA Canada to receive statutory reserve credit, the reinsurer must provide
collateral, usually in the form of assets in trust or in a collateral account,
equal to the capital and reserve credit. RGA Canada's statutory capital may be
significantly reduced if the reinsurer is unable to provide the required
collateral and RGA Canada cannot find an alternative source for the collateral.
Capital Requirements
Risk-Based Capital ("RBC") guidelines promulgated by the NAIC became
effective for U.S. insurance companies in 1993. These guidelines, applicable to
RGA Reinsurance and RCM, identify minimum capital requirements based upon
business levels and asset mix. RGA Reinsurance and RCM maintain capital levels
in excess of the amounts required by the applicable guidelines. Regulations in
international jurisdictions also require certain minimum capital levels, and
subject the companies operating there to oversight by the applicable regulatory
bodies. The Company's operations meet the minimum capital requirements in their
respective jurisdictions. The Company cannot predict the effect that any
proposed or future legislation or rule making in the countries in which it
operates may have on the financial condition or operations of the Company or its
subsidiaries.
Insurance Holding Company Regulations
RGA is subject to regulation under the insurance and insurance holding
company statutes of Missouri. The Missouri insurance holding company laws and
regulations generally require insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries of
insurance holding companies to register and file with the Missouri Department of
Insurance certain reports describing, among other information, their capital
structure, ownership, financial condition, certain intercompany transactions,
and general business operations. The Missouri insurance holding company statutes
and regulations also require prior approval of, or in certain circumstances,
prior notice to the Missouri Department of Insurance of certain material
intercompany transfers of assets, as well as certain transactions between
insurance companies, their parent companies and affiliates.
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Under Missouri insurance laws and regulations, unless (i) certain filings
are made with the Missouri Department of Insurance, (ii) certain requirements
are met, including a public hearing, and (iii) approval or exemption is granted
by the Missouri Director of Insurance, no person may acquire any voting security
or security convertible into a voting security of an insurance holding company,
such as RGA, which controls a Missouri insurance company, or merge with such an
insurance holding company, if as a result of such transaction such person would
"control" the insurance holding company. "Control" is presumed to exist under
Missouri law if a person directly or indirectly owns or controls 10% or more of
the voting securities of another person.
In addition to RGA, the Company owns several international holding
companies. These international holding companies are subject to various
regulations in their respective jurisdictions.
Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions
Current Missouri law (applicable to RCM, and its wholly-owned subsidiary,
RGA Reinsurance) permits the payment of dividends or distributions which,
together with dividends or distributions paid during the preceding twelve
months, do not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of statutory capital and surplus as
of the preceding December 31, or (ii) statutory net gain from operations for the
preceding calendar year. Any proposed dividend in excess of this amount is
considered an "extraordinary dividend" and may not be paid until it has been
approved, or a 30-day waiting period has passed during which it has not been
disapproved, by the Missouri Director of Insurance. Additionally, dividends may
be paid only to the extent the insurer has unassigned surplus (as opposed to
contributed surplus). Pursuant to these restrictions, RCM's and RGA
Reinsurance's allowable dividends without prior approval for 2006 are
approximately $41.4 million and $97.5 million, respectively. Any dividends paid
by RGA Reinsurance would be paid to RCM, which in turn has the ability to pay
dividends to RGA. Historically, RGA has not relied on dividends from its
subsidiaries to fund its obligations. However, the regulatory limitations
described here could limit the Company's financial flexibility in the future
should it choose to or need to use subsidiary dividends as a funding source for
its obligations.
In contrast to current Missouri law, the NAIC Model Insurance Holding
Company Act (the "Model Act") defines an extraordinary dividend as a dividend or
distribution which, together with dividends or distributions paid during the
preceding twelve months, exceeds the lesser of (i) 10% of statutory capital and
surplus as of the preceding December 31, or (ii) statutory net gain from
operations for the preceding calendar year. The Company is unable to predict
whether, when, or in what form Missouri will enact a new measure for
extraordinary dividends.
Missouri insurance laws and regulations also require that the statutory
surplus of RCM and RGA Reinsurance following any dividend or distribution be
reasonable in relation to its outstanding liabilities and adequate to meet its
financial needs. The Missouri Director of Insurance may call for a rescission of
the payment of a dividend or distribution by RGA Reinsurance or RCM that would
cause its statutory surplus to be inadequate under the standards of the Missouri
insurance regulations. Dividend payments from other subsidiaries are subject to
the regulations in the country of domicile.
Default or Liquidation
In the event of a default on any debt that may be incurred by RGA or the
bankruptcy, liquidation, or other reorganization of RGA, the creditors and
stockholders of RGA will have no right to proceed against the assets of RCM, RGA
Reinsurance, RGA Canada, or other insurance or reinsurance company subsidiaries
of RGA. If RCM or RGA Reinsurance were to be liquidated, such liquidation would
be conducted by the Missouri Director of Insurance as the receiver with respect
to such insurance company's property and business. If RGA Canada were to be
liquidated, such liquidation would be conducted pursuant to the general laws
relating to the winding-up of Canadian federal companies as well as regulatory
approvals/regulations. In both cases, all creditors of such insurance company,
including, without limitation, holders of its reinsurance agreements and, if
applicable, the various state guaranty associations, would be entitled to
payment in full from such assets before RGA, as a direct or indirect
stockholder, would be entitled to receive any distributions made to it prior to
commencement of the liquidation proceedings, and, if the subsidiary was
insolvent at the time of the distribution, shareholders of RGA might likewise be
required to refund dividends subsequently paid to them.
In addition to RCM and RGA Reinsurance, RGA has an interest in licensed
insurance subsidiaries in Bermuda, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Barbados,
Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. In the event of default or
liquidation, the rules and regulations of the appropriate governing body in the
country of incorporation would be followed.
Federal Regulation
Discussions continue in the Congress of the United States concerning the
future of the McCarran-Ferguson Act, which exempts the "business of insurance"
from most federal laws, including anti-trust laws, to the extent such business
is subject to state regulation. Judicial decisions narrowing the definition of
what constitutes the "business of insurance" and
9
repeal or modification of the McCarran-Ferguson Act may limit the ability of the
Company, and RGA Reinsurance in particular, to share information with respect to
matters such as rate-setting, underwriting, and claims management. It is not
possible to predict the effect of such decisions or change in the law on the
operation of the Company.
Risk Management
Corporate Risk Management
RGA has a corporate risk management framework, directed by the corporate
actuarial department, which reports to the chief operating officer. A primary
responsibility of this department is assessing, measuring and monitoring risks,
and mitigation strategies. This includes establishing appropriate corporate risk
tolerance levels. In addition, the corporate actuary provides quarterly updates
to the board of directors on significant risks.
Mortality Risk Management
The Company's reinsurance contracts expose it to mortality risk, which is
the risk that the level of death claims may differ from that which is assumed in
the pricing of life, critical illness and annuity reinsurance contracts. Some of
the reinsurance contracts expose the Company to morbidity risk, which is the
risk that an insured person will become critically ill or disabled. The
Company's risk analysis and underwriting processes are designed with the
objective of controlling the quality of the business and establishing
appropriate pricing for the risks assumed. Among other things, these processes
rely heavily on underwriting, analysis of mortality and morbidity trends and
lapse rates, and understanding of medical impairments and their affect on
mortality or morbidity. The Company also relies on original underwriting
decisions made by, and information provided to it from, insurance company
customers.
The Company expects mortality and morbidity experience to fluctuate
somewhat from period to period, but believes experience should remain fairly
constant over the long term. Mortality or morbidity experience that is less
favorable than the mortality or morbidity rates used in pricing a reinsurance
agreement will negatively affect net income because the premiums received for
the risks assumed may not be sufficient to cover claims. Furthermore, even if
the total benefits paid over the life of the contract do not exceed the expected
amount, unexpected increases in the incidence of deaths or illness can result in
more benefits in a given reporting period than expected, adversely affecting net
income in any particular quarter or year.
In the event that mortality or morbidity experience develops in excess of
expectations, some reinsurance treaties allow for increases to future premium
rates. Other treaties include experience refund provisions, which may also help
reduce RGA's mortality risk. In the normal course of business, the Company seeks
to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of
benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers
under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. In the U.S., the Company
retains a maximum of $6.0 million of coverage per individual life. For other
countries, particularly those with higher risk factors or smaller books of
business, the Company systematically reduces its retention. The Company has a
number of retrocession arrangements whereby certain business in force is
retroceded on an automatic or facultative basis.
Retrocessions are arranged through the Company's retrocession pools for
amounts in excess of its retention. As of December 31, 2005, all retrocession
pool members in this excess retention pool reviewed by the A.M. Best Company
were rated "B++", the fifth highest rating out of fifteen possible ratings, or
better. The Company also retrocedes most of its financial reinsurance business
to other insurance companies to alleviate the strain on statutory surplus
created by this business. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not
rated, letters of credit or trust assets have been given as additional security
in favor of RGA Reinsurance. In addition, the Company performs annual financial
and in force reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability
and performance. Additionally, RGA's reinsurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts
in excess of their respective retention to RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, or RGA
Americas.
The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with
retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any significant difficulty in
collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can
be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires or as to the
recoverability of any such claims.
The Company maintains a catastrophe insurance program ("Program") that
renews on August 13th of each year. The current Program began August 13, 2005,
and covers events involving 10 or more insured deaths from a single occurrence.
The Company retains the first $25 million in claims, the Program covers the next
$50 million in claims, and the Company retains all claims in excess of $75
million. The Program covers only losses under North American guaranteed issue
corporate-owned life insurance, bank-owned life insurance and similar
reinsurance programs and includes losses due to acts of terrorism, but excludes
losses due to nuclear, chemical and/or biological events. The Program is insured
by several insurance companies and Lloyd's Syndicates, with no single entity
providing more than $10 million of coverage.
10
Investment Risk Management
The Company structures its investment portfolio to match its anticipated
liabilities under reinsurance treaties to the extent necessary. The majority of
the Company's investments are investment-grade fixed maturity securities which
are subject to various risks including interest rate, credit and liquidity. The
Company maintains investment guidelines intended to balance quality,
diversification, asset liability matching, liquidity and investment return. The
Company provides for the various investment risks when analyzing and pricing
treaties.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company has foreign currency risk on business denominated and
investments in foreign currencies to the extent that the exchange rates of the
foreign currencies are subject to adverse change over time. Approximately 35% of
revenues and 33% of fixed maturity securities available for sale were
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as of and for the year
ended December 31, 2005. Fluctuations in exchange rates can negatively or
positively affect premiums and earnings. The Company holds fixed-maturity
investments denominated in foreign currencies as a natural hedge against
liabilities based in those currencies. The Company generally does not hedge the
foreign currency exposure associated with its net investments in foreign
subsidiaries due to the long-term nature of these investments. The Company
cannot predict whether exchange rate fluctuations will significantly harm its
operations or financial results in the future.
Underwriting
Facultative. The Company has developed underwriting guidelines, policies,
and procedures with the objective of controlling the quality of business written
as well as its pricing. The Company's underwriting process emphasizes close
collaboration between its underwriting, actuarial, and operations departments.
Management periodically updates these underwriting policies, procedures, and
standards to account for changing industry conditions, market developments, and
changes occurring in the field of medical technology. These policies,
procedures, and standards are documented in an on-line underwriting manual. The
Company regularly performs both internal and external reviews of its
underwriters and underwriting process.
The Company's management determines whether to accept facultative
reinsurance business on a prospective insured by reviewing the application,
medical information and all underwriting requirements based on age and the face
amount of the application. An assessment of medical and financial history
follows with decisions based on underwriting knowledge, manual review and
consultation with the Medical Directors as necessary. Many facultative
applications involve individuals with multiple medical impairments, such as
heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes, which require a difficult
underwriting/mortality assessment. To assist its underwriters in making these
assessments, the Company employs eight full-time medical directors as well as 13
medical consultants.
Automatic. The Company's management determines whether to write automatic
reinsurance business by considering many factors, including the types of risks
to be covered; the ceding company's retention limit and binding authority,
product, and pricing assumptions; and the ceding company's underwriting
standards, financial strength and distribution systems. For automatic business,
the Company ensures that the underwriting standards and procedures of its ceding
companies are compatible with those of RGA. To this end, the Company conducts
periodic reviews of the ceding companies' underwriting and claims personnel and
procedures.
Operations
Generally, the Company's life business has been obtained directly, rather
than through brokers. The Company has an experienced marketing staff that works
to provide responsive service and maintain existing relationships.
The Company's administration, auditing, valuation and accounting
departments are responsible for treaty compliance auditing, financial analysis
of results, generation of internal management reports, and periodic audits of
administrative practices and records. A significant effort is focused on
periodic audits of administrative and underwriting practices, records, and
treaty compliance of reinsurance clients.
The Company's claims departments review and verify reinsurance claims,
obtain the information necessary to evaluate claims, and arrange for timely
claims payments. Claims are subjected to a detailed review process to ensure
that the risk was properly ceded, the claim complies with the contract
provisions, and the ceding company is current in the payment of reinsurance
premiums to the Company. In addition, the claims departments monitor both
specific claims and the overall claims handling procedures of ceding companies.
11
Competition
Reinsurers compete on the basis of many factors, including financial
strength, pricing and other terms and conditions of reinsurance agreements,
reputation, service, and experience in the types of business underwritten. The
U.S. and Canadian life reinsurance markets are served by numerous international
and domestic reinsurance companies. The Company believes that its primary
competitors in the North American life reinsurance market are currently the
following, or their affiliates: Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company,
a subsidiary of Aegon N.V., Swiss Re Life of America, Munich American
Reinsurance Company, and Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. However, within the
reinsurance industry, this can change from year to year. The Company believes
that its major competitors in the international life reinsurance markets are
Swiss Re Life and Health Ltd., General Re, Munich Reinsurance Company, and
Hannover Reinsurance.
Employees
As of December 31, 2005, the Company had 880 employees located in the
United States, Canada, Argentina, Mexico, Hong Kong, South Korea, Australia,
China, Japan, Taiwan, South Africa, Spain, India and the United Kingdom. None of
these employees are represented by a labor union. The Company believes that
employee relations at RGA and all of its subsidiaries are good.
C. SEGMENTS
The Company obtains substantially all of its revenues through reinsurance
agreements that cover a portfolio of life insurance products, including term
life, credit life, universal life, whole life, joint and last survivor
insurance, critical illness, as well as annuities, financial reinsurance, and
direct premiums which include single premium pension annuities, universal life,
and group life. Generally, the Company, through various subsidiaries, has
provided reinsurance and, to a lesser extent, direct insurance for mortality,
morbidity, and lapse risks associated with such products. With respect to
asset-intensive products, the Company has also provided reinsurance for
investment-related risks.
The following table sets forth the Company's premiums attributable to each
of its segments for the periods indicated on both a gross assumed basis and net
of premiums ceded to third parties:
GROSS AND NET PREMIUMS BY SEGMENT
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Amount % Amount % Amount %
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
GROSS PREMIUMS:
U.S. $2,652.8 62.9 $2,421.8 66.3 $2,013.4 68.9
Canada 406.3 9.6 284.3 7.8 238.8 8.2
Europe & South Africa 591.1 14.0 506.0 13.9 385.7 13.2
Asia Pacific 569.8 13.5 434.2 11.9 281.0 9.6
Corporate and Other 1.9 0.0 3.1 0.1 3.5 0.1
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Total $4,221.9 100.0 $3,649.4 100.0 $2,922.4 100.0
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
NET PREMIUMS:
U.S. $2,434.2 63.0 $2,212.6 66.1 $1,801.8 68.2
Canada 343.1 8.9 253.9 7.6 214.7 8.1
Europe & South Africa 552.7 14.3 478.6 14.3 364.2 13.8
Asia Pacific 534.9 13.8 399.1 11.9 259.0 9.8
Corporate and Other 1.9 0.0 3.2 0.1 3.5 0.1
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Total $3,866.8 100.0 $3,347.4 100.0 $2,643.2 100.0
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
12
The following table sets forth selected information concerning assumed life
reinsurance business in force by segment for the indicated periods. (The term
"in force" refers to insurance policy face amounts or net amounts at risk.)
REINSURANCE BUSINESS IN FORCE BY SEGMENT
(in billions)
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Amount % Amount % Amount %
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
U.S. $1,083.7 62.4 $ 996.7 68.3 $ 896.8 71.6
Canada 127.4 7.4 105.2 7.2 84.0 6.7
Europe & South Africa 280.1 16.1 247.3 17.0 153.4 12.3
Asia Pacific 245.4 14.1 109.7 7.5 118.0 9.4
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Total $1,736.6 100.0 $1,458.9 100.0 $1,252.2 100.0
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
Reinsurance business in force reflects the addition or acquisition of new
reinsurance business, offset by terminations (e.g., voluntary surrenders of
underlying life insurance policies, lapses of underlying policies, deaths of
insureds, and the exercise of recapture options), changes in foreign exchange,
and any other changes in the amount of insurance in force. As a result of
terminations, assumed in force amounts at risk of $44.0 billion, $112.3 billion,
and $89.9 billion were released in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively.
The following table sets forth selected information concerning assumed new
business volume by segment for the indicated periods. (The term "volume" refers
to insurance policy face amounts or net amounts at risk.)
NEW BUSINESS VOLUME BY SEGMENT
(in billions)
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
-------------- -------------- --------------
Amount % Amount % Amount %
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
U.S. $186.7 52.7 $168.8 60.5 $423.4 77.8
Canada 32.2 9.1 19.6 7.0 11.0 2.0
Europe & South Africa 110.7 31.3 68.9 24.7 65.3 12.0
Asia Pacific 24.5 6.9 21.8 7.8 44.7 8.2
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total $354.1 100.0 $279.1 100.0 $544.4 100.0
====== ===== ====== ===== ====== =====
The Company executed a coinsurance agreement with Allianz Life Insurance
Company of North America ("Allianz Life") during 2003. The U.S. agreement with
Allianz Life increased new business volume by $287.2 billion during 2003.
Additional information regarding the operations of the Company's segments
and geographic operations is contained in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
U.S. OPERATIONS
The U.S. operations represented 63.0%, 66.1% and 68.2% of the Company's net
premiums in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The U.S. operations market
traditional life reinsurance, reinsurance of asset-intensive products and
financial reinsurance primarily to large U.S. life insurance companies.
Traditional Reinsurance
The U.S. traditional reinsurance sub-segment provides life reinsurance to
domestic clients for a variety of life products through yearly renewable term
agreements, coinsurance, and modified coinsurance. This business has been
accepted under many different rate scales, with rates often tailored to suit the
underlying product and the needs of the ceding company. Premiums typically vary
for smokers and non-smokers, males and females, and may include a preferred
underwriting class discount. Reinsurance premiums are paid in accordance with
the treaty, regardless of the premium mode for the underlying primary insurance.
This business is made up of facultative and automatic treaty business.
Automatic business, including financial reinsurance treaties, is generated
pursuant to treaties which generally require that the underlying policies meet
the ceding company's underwriting criteria, although a number of such policies
may be
13
rated substandard. In contrast to facultative reinsurance, reinsurers do not
engage in underwriting assessments of each risk assumed through an automatic
treaty.
Because the Company does not apply its underwriting standards to each
policy ceded to it under automatic treaties, the U.S. operations generally
require ceding companies to keep a portion of the business written on an
automatic basis, thereby increasing the ceding companies' incentives to
underwrite risks with due care and, when appropriate, to contest claims
diligently.
The U.S. facultative reinsurance operation involves the assessment of the
risks inherent in (i) multiple impairments, such as heart disease, high blood
pressure, and diabetes; (ii) cases involving large policy face amounts; and
(iii) financial risk cases, i.e., cases involving policies disproportionately
large in relation to the financial characteristics of the proposed insured. The
U.S. operation's marketing efforts have focused on developing facultative
relationships with client companies because management believes facultative
reinsurance represents a substantial segment of the reinsurance activity of many
large insurance companies and also serves as an effective means of expanding the
U.S. operation's automatic business. In 2005, 2004, and 2003, approximately
20.0%, 20.9%, and 21.1%, respectively, of the U.S. gross premiums were written
on a facultative basis. The U.S. operations have emphasized personalized service
and prompt response to requests for facultative risk assessment.
Only a portion of approved facultative applications ultimately result in
reinsurance. This is because applicants for impaired risk policies often submit
applications to several primary insurers, which in turn seek facultative
reinsurance from several reinsurers. Ultimately, only one insurance company and
one reinsurer are likely to obtain the business. The Company tracks the
percentage of declined and placed facultative applications on a client-by-client
basis and generally works with clients to seek to maintain such percentages at
levels deemed acceptable. Because the Company applies its underwriting standards
to each application submitted to it facultatively, it generally does not require
ceding companies to retain a portion of the underlying risk when business is
written on a facultative basis.
In addition, several of the Company's U.S. clients have purchased life
insurance policies insuring the lives of their executives. These policies have
generally been issued to fund deferred compensation plans and have been
reinsured with the Company. As of December 31, 2005, reinsurance of such
policies was reflected in interest-sensitive contract reserves of approximately
$1.0 billion and policy loans of $987.4 million.
Asset-Intensive Reinsurance
Asset-intensive reinsurance primarily concentrates on the investment risk
within underlying annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies. Most of
these agreements are coinsurance, coinsurance funds withheld, or modified
coinsurance of primarily investment risk such that the Company recognizes
profits or losses primarily from the spread between the investment earnings and
the interest credited on the underlying deposit liabilities. As of December 31,
2005, reinsurance of such business was reflected in interest-sensitive contract
liabilities of approximately $4.4 billion.
Annuities are normally limited by size of the deposit from any single
depositor. Corporate-owned life insurance normally involves a large number of
insureds associated with each deposit, and the Company's underwriting guidelines
limit the size of any single deposit. The individual policies associated with
any single deposit are typically issued within pre-set guaranteed issue
parameters. A significant amount of this business is written on a modified
coinsurance or coinsurance with funds withheld basis. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Investments" and Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information.
The Company targets highly rated, financially secure companies as clients
for asset-intensive business. These companies may wish to limit their own
exposure to certain products. Ongoing asset/liability analysis is required for
the management of asset-intensive business. The Company performs this analysis
internally, in conjunction with asset/liability analysis performed by the ceding
companies.
Financial Reinsurance
The Company's financial reinsurance sub-segment assists ceding companies in
meeting applicable regulatory requirements while enhancing the ceding companies'
financial strength and regulatory surplus position. The Company commits cash or
assumes regulatory insurance liabilities from the ceding companies. Generally,
such amounts are offset by receivables from ceding companies that are repaid by
the future profits from the reinsured block of business. The Company structures
its financial reinsurance transactions so that the projected future profits of
the underlying reinsured business significantly exceed the amount of regulatory
surplus provided to the ceding company.
14
The Company primarily targets highly rated insurance companies for
financial reinsurance due to the credit risk associated with this business. A
careful analysis is performed before providing any regulatory surplus
enhancement to the ceding company. This analysis assures that the Company
understands the risks of the underlying insurance product and that the surplus
has a high likelihood of being repaid through the future profits of the
business. If the future profits of the business are not sufficient to repay the
Company or if the ceding company becomes financially distressed and is unable to
make payments under the treaty, the Company may incur losses. A staff of
actuaries and accountants tracks experience for each treaty on a quarterly basis
in comparison to expected models. The Company also retrocedes most of its
financial reinsurance business to other insurance companies to alleviate the
strain on regulatory surplus created by this business.
Customer Base
The U.S. reinsurance operation markets life reinsurance primarily to the
largest U.S. life insurance companies. The Company estimates that approximately
85 of the top 100 U.S. life insurance companies, based on premiums, are clients.
These treaties generally are terminable by either party on 90 days written
notice, but only with respect to future new business; existing business
generally is not terminable, unless the underlying policies terminate or are
recaptured. In 2005, 51 non-affiliated clients generated annual gross premiums
of $5.0 million or more and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients
represented approximately 86.4% of U.S. life gross premiums. For the purpose of
this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company
structure are combined.
MetLife and its affiliates (excluding the Company) generated approximately
$298.3 million or 11.2% of U.S. operations gross premiums in 2005.
CANADA OPERATIONS
The Canada operations represented 8.9%, 7.6%, and 8.1% of the Company's net
premiums in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. In 2005, the Canadian life
operations assumed $32.2 billion in new business, all of which resulted from
recurring new business, as opposed to in force transactions. Approximately 88%
of the 2005 recurring new business was written on an automatic basis.
The Company operates in Canada primarily through RGA Canada, a wholly-owned
subsidiary. RGA Canada is a leading life reinsurer in Canada assisting clients
with capital management activity and mortality risk management and is primarily
engaged in traditional individual life reinsurance, as well as group reinsurance
and non-guaranteed critical illness products. Approximately 90.6% of RGA
Canada's premium income is derived from life reinsurance products.
Clients include most of the life insurers in Canada, although the number of
life insurers is much smaller compared to the U.S. During 2005, the two largest
clients represented $143.5 million, or 35.3%, of gross premiums. Four other
clients individually represented more than 5% of Canada's gross premiums.
Together, these four clients represented 25.7% of Canada's gross premiums. The
Canada operations compete with a small number of individual and group life
reinsurers primarily on the basis of price, service, and financial strength.
As of December 31, 2005, RGA Canada had two offices and maintained a staff
of 83 people at the Montreal office and 16 people at the office in Toronto. RGA
Canada employs its own underwriting, actuarial, claims, pricing, accounting,
systems, marketing and administrative staff.
EUROPE & SOUTH AFRICA OPERATIONS
The Europe & South Africa operations represented 14.3%, 14.3%, and 13.8% of
the Company's net premiums in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. This segment
provides primarily life reinsurance to clients located in Europe, primarily in
the United Kingdom ("UK") and Spain, South Africa, Mexico and India. The
principal types of business have been reinsurance of life products through
yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements and the reinsurance of
accelerated critical illness coverage, which pays on the earlier of death or
diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. These agreements may be either
facultative or automatic agreements. Premiums earned from accelerated critical
illness coverage represented 33.7% of the total gross premiums for this segment
in 2005. The segment's three largest clients, all part of the Company's UK
operations, generated approximately $337.6 million, or 57.1%, of the segment's
gross premiums in 2005.
During 2000, RGA UK began operating in the UK, where an increasing number
of insurers are ceding the mortality and accelerated critical illness risks of
individual life products on a quota share basis, creating what the Company
believes are reinsurance opportunities. The reinsurers present in the market
include the large global companies with which RGA also competes in other
markets. In 2005, the UK operation generated approximately 77.2% of the
segment's gross premiums.
15
In 1998, the Company established RGA South Africa, with offices in Cape
Town and Johannesburg, to provide life reinsurance in South Africa. In South
Africa, the Company's subsidiary has managed to establish a substantial position
in the individual facultative market, through excellent service and competitive
pricing, and has gained an increasing share in the automatic market. Life
reinsurance is also provided on group cases. The Company is concentrating on the
life insurance market, as opposed to competitors that are also in the health
market. The Company has a small portion of accelerated critical illness business
in South Africa.
In Spain, the Company has business relationships with more than thirty
companies covering both individual and group life business. During 1998, a
representative office was opened in Mexico City to directly assist clients in
this market. In 2002, RGA opened a representative office in India marketing life
reinsurance support on individual and group business.
RGA's subsidiaries in the UK and South Africa employ their own
underwriting, actuarial, claims, pricing, accounting, marketing, and
administration staff with additional support provided by the Company's Corporate
staff in the U.S. Divisional management through RGA International Corporation
(Nova Scotia ULC) ("RGA International"), based in Toronto, also provides
services for these markets. In total as of December 31, 2005, this segment
employed 29 people in Toronto, 43 people in the UK, 46 people in South Africa,
six people in Spain, seven people in Mexico and nine people in India.
ASIA PACIFIC OPERATIONS
The Asia Pacific operations represented 13.8%, 11.9%, and 9.8% of the
Company's net premiums in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. The Company has a
presence in the Asia Pacific region with licensed branch offices in Hong Kong,
Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand, representative offices in China, and
Taiwan, and a regional office in Sydney. In January 2005, the Company received
approval to open a representative office in China. The Company also established
a reinsurance subsidiary in Australia in January 1996.
During 2005, the five largest clients, four in Australia and one in Japan,
generated approximately $208.9 million, or 36.7% of the total gross premiums for
the Asia Pacific operations. The Australian business, as a whole, generated
approximately $255.3, or 47.7% of the total gross premiums for the Asia Pacific
operations in 2005. The Australian business, as a whole, also represents
approximately $284.6, or 49.4% of the outstanding reserves and other claim
liabilities for the Asia Pacific operations as of December 31, 2005.
Within the Asia Pacific segment as of December 31, 2005, 12 people were on
staff in the Hong Kong office, 26 people were on staff in the Japan office,
seven people were on staff in the Taiwan office, 12 people were on staff in the
South Korean Office, two people were on staff in the Beijing office, 19 people
were on staff in the Sydney regional office, 14 were on staff at the St. Louis
office, and RGA Australian Holdings maintained a staff of 48 people. The Hong
Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea offices primarily provide marketing and
underwriting services to the direct life insurance companies with other service
support provided directly by the Company's U.S. and Sydney regional operations.
RGA Australia directly maintains its own underwriting, actuarial, claims,
pricing, accounting, systems, marketing, and administration service with
additional support provided by the Company's U.S. and Sydney regional
operations.
The principal types of reinsurance for this segment include life, critical
care and illness, disability income, superannuation, and financial reinsurance.
Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement
savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees,
and in addition, offer life and disability insurance coverage. Reinsurance
agreements may be either facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily
individual risks and in some markets, group risks.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other operations include investment income from invested
assets not allocated to support segment operations and undeployed proceeds from
the Company's capital raising efforts, in addition to unallocated realized
investment gains or losses. General corporate expenses consist of unallocated
overhead and executive costs and interest expense related to debt and the $225.0
million, 5.75% mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities. Additionally,
the Corporate and Other operations segment includes results from RGA Technology
Partners, Inc. ("RTP"), a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets
technology solutions for the insurance industry, the Company's Argentine
privatized pension business ("AFJP"), which is currently in run-off, and an
insignificant amount of direct insurance operations in Argentina. The Company
ceased renewal of reinsurance treaties associated with privatized pension
contracts in Argentina in 2001 because of adverse claims experience on the
business. See Item 3, "Legal Proceedings." for additional AFJP information.
16
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
As of December 31, 1998, the Company formally reported its accident and
health division as a discontinued operation. More information about the
Company's discontinued accident and health division may be found in Note 20 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
D. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT FOREIGN OPERATIONS
The Company's foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the Asia Pacific
region, Europe & South Africa. Revenue, income (loss), which includes net
realized gains (losses) before income tax, interest expense, depreciation and
amortization, and identifiable assets attributable to these geographic regions
are identified in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Although
there are risks inherent to foreign operations, such as currency fluctuations
and restrictions on the movement of funds, the Company's financial position and
results of operations have not been materially adversely affected thereby to
date.
E. AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Copies of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are
available free of charge through the Company's website (www.rgare.com) as soon
as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files (www.sec.gov)
such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In the Risk Factors below, we refer to the Company as "we," "us," or "our".
Investing in our securities involves certain risks. Any of the following risks
could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or
financial condition and could result in a loss of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
A DOWNGRADE IN OUR RATINGS OR IN THE RATINGS OF OUR REINSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE.
Ratings are an important factor in our competitive position. Rating
organizations periodically review the financial performance and condition of
insurers, including our reinsurance subsidiaries. These ratings are based on an
insurance company's ability to pay its obligations and are not directed toward
the protection of investors. Rating organizations assign ratings based upon
several factors. While most of the factors considered relate to the rated
company, some of the factors relate to general economic conditions and
circumstances outside the rated company's control.
On August 2, 2005, A.M. Best reaffirmed our ratings, but revised the
outlook for all ratings from "stable" to "negative" due to weakened operating
performance during the second quarter of 2005 and uncertainty regarding the
future ownership of a majority of our outstanding common shares by MetLife,
Inc., or "MetLife," which is described below under "MetLife is our majority
shareholder and may retain a significant percentage of our outstanding common
stock until the completion of any offering; its interests may differ from the
interests of RGA and our security holders." On July 14, 2005, Moody's reaffirmed
our ratings and changed the direction from uncertain to stable. On February 1,
2005, Standard & Poor's placed our ratings and MetLife's ratings on "credit
watch" with negative implications in response to MetLife's announcement
regarding its purchase of certain of the domestic and international life
insurance subsidiaries of Citigroup Inc. We cannot predict what actions ratings
agencies may take or the timing thereof, or what actions we may be required to
take in response to the actions of rating agencies, which could adversely affect
our business.
Any downgrade in the ratings of our reinsurance subsidiaries could
adversely affect their ability to sell products, retain existing business, and
compete for attractive acquisition opportunities. Ratings are subject to
revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization. A
rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and each rating
should be evaluated independently of any other rating. We believe that the
rating agencies consider the ratings of a parent company when assigning a rating
to a subsidiary of that company. The ability of our subsidiaries to write
reinsurance partially depends on their financial condition and is influenced by
their ratings. In addition, a significant downgrade in the rating or outlook of
RGA, among other factors, could adversely affect our ability to raise and then
contribute capital to our subsidiaries for the purpose of facilitating their
operations as well as the cost of capital. For example, the facility fee and
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interest rate for our credit facilities are based on our senior long-term debt
ratings. A decrease in those ratings could result in an increase in costs for
the credit facilities. Accordingly, we believe a ratings downgrade of RGA, or of
our affiliates, could have a negative effect on our ability to conduct business.
We cannot assure you that any action taken by the ratings agencies would
not result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations. In addition, it is unclear what effect, if any, a ratings change
would have on the price of our securities in the secondary market.
ADVERSE MORTALITY OR MORBIDITY EXPERIENCE MAY NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL
RESULTS.
Our reinsurance contracts expose us to mortality risk, which is the risk
that the level of death claims may differ from that which we assumed in pricing
our life, critical illness and annuity reinsurance contracts. Some of our
reinsurance contracts expose us to morbidity risk, which is the risk that an
insured person will become critically ill or disabled. Our risk analysis and
underwriting processes are designed with the objective of controlling the
quality of the business and establishing appropriate pricing for the risks we
assume. Among other things, these processes rely heavily on our underwriting,
our analysis of mortality and morbidity trends and lapse rates, and our
understanding of medical impairments and their effect on mortality or morbidity.
We also rely on original underwriting decisions made by, and information
provided to us from, our insurance company customers. We cannot assure you that
these processes or those of our customers will adequately control business
quality or establish appropriate pricing.
We expect mortality and morbidity experience to fluctuate somewhat from
period to period, but believe they should remain fairly constant over the long
term. Mortality or morbidity experience that is less favorable than the
mortality or morbidity rates that we used in pricing a reinsurance agreement
will negatively affect our net income because the premiums we receive for the
risks we assume may not be sufficient to cover the claims. Furthermore, even if
the total benefits paid over the life of the contract do not exceed the expected
amount, unexpected increases in the incidence of deaths or illness can cause us
to pay more benefits in a given reporting period than expected, adversely
affecting our net income in any particular quarter or year.
RGA IS AN INSURANCE HOLDING COMPANY, AND OUR ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPAL, INTEREST
AND/OR DIVIDENDS ON SECURITIES IS LIMITED.
RGA is an insurance holding company, with our principal assets consisting
of the stock of our insurance company subsidiaries, and substantially all of our
income is derived from those subsidiaries. Our ability to pay principal and
interest on any debt securities or dividends on any preferred or common stock
depends in part on the ability of our insurance company subsidiaries, our
principal sources of cash flow, to declare and distribute dividends or to
advance money to us in the form of intercompany loans. We are not permitted to
pay common stock dividends or make payments of interest or principal on
securities which rank equal or junior to our subordinated debentures, until the
accrued and unpaid interest on the subordinated debentures is paid. Our
insurance company subsidiaries are subject to various statutory and regulatory
restrictions, applicable to insurance companies generally, that limit the amount
of cash dividends, loans and advances that those subsidiaries may pay to us.
Covenants contained in some of our debt agreements and regulations relating to
capital requirements affecting some of our more significant subsidiaries also
restrict the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends and other
distributions and make loans to us.
As a result of our insurance holding company structure, in the event of the
insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding-up of one
of our reinsurance subsidiaries, all creditors of that subsidiary would be
entitled to payment in full out of the assets of such subsidiary before we, as
shareholder, would be entitled to any payment. Our subsidiaries would have to
pay their direct creditors in full before our creditors, including holders of
common stock, preferred stock or debt securities of RGA, could receive any
payment from the assets of such subsidiaries.
IF OUR RISK MANAGEMENT OR INVESTMENT STRATEGY IS NOT SUCCESSFUL, WE COULD SUFFER
UNEXPECTED LOSSES.
Risk management and the success of our investment strategy are crucial to
the success of our business. In particular, we structure our investments to
match our anticipated liabilities under reinsurance treaties to the extent we
believe necessary. If our calculations with respect to these reinsurance
liabilities are incorrect, or if we improperly structure our investments to
match such liabilities, we could be forced to liquidate investments prior to
maturity at a significant loss.
Our investment guidelines also permit us to invest up to 5% of our
investment portfolio in non-investment grade fixed maturity securities. While
any investment carries some risk, the risks associated with lower-rated
securities are greater than the risks associated with investment grade
securities. The risk of loss of principal or interest through default is greater
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because lower-rated securities are usually unsecured and are often subordinated
to an issuer's other obligations. Additionally, the issuers of these securities
frequently have high debt levels and are thus more sensitive to difficult
economic conditions, individual corporate developments and rising interest rates
which could impair an issuer's capacity or willingness to meet its financial
commitment on such lower-rated securities. As a result, the market price of
these securities may be quite volatile, and the risk of loss is greater.
The success of any investment activity is affected by general economic
conditions, which may adversely affect the markets for interest-rate-sensitive
securities and equity securities, including the level and volatility of interest
rates and the extent and timing of investor participation in such markets.
Unexpected volatility or illiquidity in the markets in which we directly or
indirectly hold positions could adversely affect us.
METLIFE IS OUR MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER AND ITS INTERESTS MAY DIFFER FROM THE
INTERESTS OF RGA AND OUR SECURITY HOLDERS.
At December 31, 2005, MetLife was the beneficial owner of approximately
52.8% of our outstanding common stock. On April 25, 2005, MetLife disclosed that
it continuously evaluates our businesses and prospects, alternative investment
opportunities and other factors deemed relevant in determining whether
additional shares of our common stock will be acquired by MetLife or whether it
will dispose of shares of our common stock. Additionally, it indicated that, at
any time, depending on market conditions, the trading prices for our common
stock, the actions taken by our board of directors, alternative investment
opportunities and the outlook for RGA, MetLife may acquire additional shares of
our common stock or may dispose of some or all of the shares of our common stock
beneficially owned by MetLife, Inc., in either case in the open market, in
privately negotiated transactions or otherwise.
As a result of MetLife's ownership position, until it completes any
disposition of some or all of the 32,243,539 shares of our common stock
beneficially owned by it, MetLife may continue to have the ability to
significantly influence matters requiring shareholder approval, including
without limitation, the election and removal of directors, and mergers,
acquisitions, changes of control of our company and sales of all or
substantially all of our assets. In the event MetLife retains significant share
ownership, it would continue to be a substantial shareholder and control voting
power that would allow it to prevent certain amendments to our articles of
incorporation, which means that MetLife could continue to exert significant,
although reduced, influence on us. In addition, at least as long as it is our
majority shareholder, MetLife is required to consolidate our results of
operations into MetLife's financial statements. As a result, our board of
directors, including the members who are also employed by or affiliated with
MetLife, may consider not only the short-term and long-term effect of operating
decisions on us, but also the effect of such decisions on MetLife and its
affiliates.
Your interests as a holder of our securities may conflict with the
interests of MetLife, and the price of our common stock or other securities
could be adversely affected by this influence or by the perception that MetLife
may seek to sell shares of common stock in the future.
INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS COULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT THE INCOME WE DERIVE FROM THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INTEREST RATES WE EARN ON OUR INVESTMENTS AND INTEREST WE
PAY UNDER OUR REINSURANCE CONTRACTS.
Significant changes in interest rates expose reinsurance companies to the
risk of not earning income or experiencing losses based on the difference
between the interest rates earned on investments and the credited interest rates
paid on outstanding reinsurance contracts. Both rising and declining interest
rates can negatively affect the income we derive from these interest rate
spreads. During periods of rising interest rates, we may be contractually
obligated to increase the crediting rates on our reinsurance contracts that have
cash values. However, we may not have the ability to immediately acquire
investments with interest rates sufficient to offset the increased crediting
rates on our reinsurance contracts. During periods of falling interest rates,
our investment earnings will be lower because new investments in fixed maturity
securities will likely bear lower interest rates. We may not be able to fully
offset the decline in investment earnings with lower crediting rates on our
reinsurance contracts that have cash values. While we develop and maintain
asset/liability management programs and procedures designed to reduce the
volatility of our income when interest rates are rising or falling, we cannot
assure you that changes in interest rates will not affect our interest rate
spreads.
Changes in interest rates may also affect our business in other ways. Lower
interest rates may result in lower sales of certain insurance and investment
products of our customers, which would reduce the demand for our reinsurance of
these products.
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NATURAL DISASTERS, CATASTROPHES, AND DISASTERS CAUSED BY HUMANS, INCLUDING THE
THREAT OF TERRORIST ATTACKS AND RELATED EVENTS, EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS MAY
ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Natural disasters and terrorist attacks, as well as epidemics and
pandemics, can adversely affect our business and results of operations because
they accelerate mortality risk. Terrorist attacks in the United States and in
other parts of the world and the threat of future attacks could have a negative
effect on our business.
We believe our reinsurance programs are sufficient to reasonably limit our net
losses for individual life claims relating to potential future natural disasters
and terrorist attacks. However, the consequences of further natural disasters,
terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, epidemics and pandemics are unpredictable,
and we may not be able to foresee events that could have an adverse effect on
our business.
WE OPERATE IN A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY, WHICH COULD LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO
GAIN OR MAINTAIN OUR MARKET SHARE IN THE INDUSTRY.
The reinsurance industry is highly competitive, and we encounter
significant competition in all lines of business from other reinsurance
companies, as well as competition from other providers of financial services.
Our competitors vary by geographic market. We believe our primary competitors in
the North American life reinsurance market are currently the following, or their
affiliates: Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company, a subsidiary of
Aegon, N.V., Swiss Re Life of America, Munich American Reinsurance Company and
Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. We believe our primary competitors in the international
life reinsurance markets are Swiss Re Life and Health Ltd., General Re, Munich
Reinsurance Company and Hannover Reinsurance. Many of our competitors have
greater financial resources than we do. Our ability to compete depends on, among
other things, our ability to maintain strong financial strength ratings from
rating agencies, pricing and other terms and conditions of reinsurance
agreements, and our reputation, service, and experience in the types of business
that we underwrite. However, competition from other reinsurers could adversely
affect our competitive position.
Our target market is large life insurers. We compete based on the strength
of our underwriting operations, insights on mortality trends based on our large
book of business, and responsive service. We believe our quick response time to
client requests for individual underwriting quotes and our underwriting
expertise are important elements to our strategy and lead to other business
opportunities with our clients. Our business will be adversely affected if we
are unable to maintain these competitive advantages or if our international
strategy is not successful.
TAX LAW CHANGES OR A PROLONGED ECONOMIC DOWNTURN COULD REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR
SOME INSURANCE PRODUCTS, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS.
Under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, income tax payable by
policyholders on investment earnings is deferred during the accumulation period
of some life insurance and annuity products. To the extent that the Internal
Revenue Code is revised to reduce the tax-deferred status of life insurance and
annuity products, or to increase the tax-deferred status of competing products,
all life insurance companies would be adversely affected with respect to their
ability to sell such products, and, depending on grandfathering provisions, by
the surrenders of existing annuity contracts and life insurance policies. In
addition, life insurance products are often used to fund estate tax obligations.
Congress has adopted legislation to reduce, and ultimately eliminate, the estate
tax. Under this legislation, our U.S. life insurance company customers will face
reduced demand for some of their life insurance products, which in turn could
negatively affect our reinsurance business. We cannot predict what future tax
initiatives may be proposed and enacted that could affect us.
In addition, a general economic downturn or a downturn in the equity and
other capital markets could adversely affect the market for many annuity and
life insurance products. Because we obtain substantially all of our revenues
through reinsurance arrangements that cover a portfolio of life insurance
products, as well as annuities, our business would be harmed if the market for
annuities or life insurance was adversely affected. In addition, the market for
annuity reinsurance products is currently not well developed, and we cannot
assure you that such market will develop in the future.
THE AVAILABILITY AND COST OF COLLATERAL, INCLUDING LETTERS OF CREDIT, ASSET
TRUSTS AND OTHER CREDIT FACILITIES, COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL
CONDITION, OPERATING COSTS, AND NEW BUSINESS VOLUME.
We reinsure, or retrocede, business to affiliated and unaffiliated offshore
reinsurers to reduce the amount of regulatory reserves and capital we are
required to hold in various jurisdictions, including the United States and
Canada. The regulatory requirements may be significantly higher than the
reserves required under GAAP. A regulation in the U.S., commonly referred to as
Regulation XXX, has significantly increased the level of regulatory, or
statutory, reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance companies must
hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of life insurance
business, primarily certain level term life products. The reserve levels
required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in excess of
reserves required under GAAP. The degree to which these reserves will increase
and
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the ultimate level of reserves will depend upon the mix of our business and
future production levels in the United States. Based on the assumed rate of
growth in our current business plan, and the increasing level of regulatory
reserves associated with some of this business, we expect the amount of required
regulatory reserves to grow significantly.
In order to reduce the effect of Regulation XXX, our principal U.S.
operating subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance, has retroceded Regulation XXX related
reserves to affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers. Additionally, our
reinsurance subsidiary in Canada, RGA Canada, has entered into various
reinsurance arrangements with affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers in order to
reduce its statutory capital and reserve requirements. As a general matter, for
us to reduce regulatory reserves on business that we retrocede, the affiliated
or unaffiliated offshore reinsurer must provide an equal amount of collateral,
usually in the form of a letter of credit from a commercial bank or by placing
assets in trust for our benefit.
In connection with these reserve requirements, we face the following risks:
- The availability of collateral and the related cost of such collateral
in the future could affect the type and volume of business we reinsure
and could increase our costs.
- We may need to raise additional capital to support higher regulatory
reserves, which could increase our overall cost of capital.
- If we, or our reinsurers, are unable to obtain or provide sufficient
collateral to support our statutory ceded reserves, we may be required
to increase regulatory reserves. In turn, this reserve increase could
significantly reduce our statutory capital levels and adversely affect
our ability to satisfy required regulatory capital levels that apply
to us, unless we are able to raise additional capital to contribute to
our operating subsidiaries.
- Because term life insurance is a particularly price-sensitive product,
any increase in insurance premiums charged on these products by life
insurance companies, in order to compensate them for the increased
statutory reserve requirements or higher costs of insurance they face,
may result in a significant loss of volume in their, and as a result,
our life reinsurance operations.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to implement actions to mitigate
the effect of increasing regulatory reserve requirements.
WE COULD BE FORCED TO SELL INVESTMENTS AT A LOSS TO COVER POLICYHOLDER
WITHDRAWALS, RECAPTURES OF REINSURANCE TREATIES OR OTHER EVENTS.
Some of the products offered by our insurance company customers allow
policyholders and contract holders to withdraw their funds under defined
circumstances. Our reinsurance subsidiaries manage their liabilities and
configure their investment portfolios so as to provide and maintain sufficient
liquidity to support anticipated withdrawal demands and contract benefits and
maturities under reinsurance treaties with these customers. While our
reinsurance subsidiaries own a significant amount of liquid assets, a portion of
their assets are relatively illiquid. Unanticipated withdrawal or surrender
activity could, under some circumstances, require our reinsurance subsidiaries
to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms, which could have an adverse effect on
us. Reinsurance agreements may provide for recapture rights on the part of our
insurance company customers. Recapture rights permit these customers to reassume
all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to us after an agreed upon time,
usually ten years, subject to various conditions.
Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior
to the recapture, but may result in immediate payments to our insurance company
customers and a charge for costs that we deferred when we acquired the business
but are unable to recover upon recapture. Under some circumstances, payments to
our insurance company customers could require our reinsurance subsidiaries to
dispose of assets on unfavorable terms.
OUR REINSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES ARE HIGHLY REGULATED, AND CHANGES IN THESE
REGULATIONS COULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS.
Our reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to government regulation in each
of the jurisdictions in which they are licensed or authorized to do business.
Governmental agencies have broad administrative power to regulate many aspects
of the insurance business, which may include premium rates, marketing practices,
advertising, policy forms, and capital adequacy. These agencies are concerned
primarily with the protection of policyholders rather than shareholders or
holders of debt securities. Moreover, insurance laws and regulations, among
other things, establish minimum capital requirements and limit the amount of
dividends, tax distributions, and other payments our reinsurance subsidiaries
can make without prior regulatory approval, and impose restrictions on the
amount and type of investments we may hold. The State of Missouri also regulates
RGA as an insurance holding company.
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Recently, insurance regulators have increased their scrutiny of the
insurance regulatory framework in the United States and some state legislatures
have considered or enacted laws that alter, and in many cases increase, state
authority to regulate insurance holding companies and insurance companies. In
light of recent legislative developments the NAIC and state insurance regulators
have begun re-examining existing laws and regulations, specifically focusing on
insurance company investments and solvency issues, guidelines imposing minimum
capital requirements based on business levels and asset mix, interpretations of
existing laws, the development of new laws, the implementation of nonstatutory
guidelines, and the definition of extraordinary dividends, including a more
stringent standard for allowance of extraordinary dividends. We are unable to
predict whether, when or in what form the state of Missouri will enact a new
measure for extraordinary dividends, and we cannot assure you that more
stringent restrictions will not be adopted from time to time in other
jurisdictions in which our reinsurance subsidiaries are domiciled, which could,
under certain circumstances, significantly reduce dividends or other amounts
payable to us by our subsidiaries unless they obtain approval from insurance
regulatory authorities. We cannot predict the effect that any NAIC
recommendations or proposed or future legislation or rule-making in the United
States or elsewhere may have on our financial condition or operations.
WE ARE EXPOSED TO FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK.
We have foreign currency risk on business denominated and investments in
foreign currencies to the extent that the exchange rates of the foreign
currencies are subject to adverse change over time. Approximately 35% of our
revenues and 33% of our fixed maturity securities available for sale were
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as of and for the year
ended December 31, 2005.
Fluctuations in exchange rates can negatively or positively affect premiums
and earnings. We generally hold fixed-maturity investments denominated in
foreign currencies as a natural hedge against liabilities based in those
currencies. We generally do not hedge the foreign currency exposure associated
with our net investments in foreign subsidiaries due to the long-term nature of
these investments. We cannot predict whether exchange rate fluctuations will
significantly harm our operations or financial results in the future.
ACQUISITIONS AND SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS INVOLVE VARYING DEGREES OF INHERENT
RISK THAT COULD AFFECT OUR PROFITABILITY.
We have made, and may in the future make, strategic acquisitions, either of
selected blocks of business or other companies. Acquisitions may expose us to
operational challenges and risks, including:
- the ability to integrate the acquired business operations and data
with our systems;
- the availability of funding sufficient to meet increased capital
needs;
- the ability to hire management personnel required for expanded
operations;
- the ability to fund cash flow shortages that may occur if anticipated
revenues are not realized or are delayed, whether by general economic
or market conditions or unforeseen internal difficulties; and
- the possibility that the value of investments acquired in an
acquisition, may be lower than expected or may diminish due to credit
defaults or changes in interest rates and that liabilities assumed may
be greater than expected (due to, among other factors, less favorable
than expected mortality or morbidity experience).
A failure to successfully manage the operational challenges and risks
associated with or resulting from significant transactions, including
acquisitions, could adversely affect our financial condition or results of
operations.
WE DEPEND ON THE PERFORMANCE OF OTHERS, AND THEIR FAILURE TO PERFORM IN A
SATISFACTORY MANNER WOULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT US.
In the normal course of business, we seek to limit our exposure to losses
from our reinsurance contracts by ceding a portion of the reinsurance to other
insurance enterprises or reinsurers. We cannot assure you that these insurance
enterprises or reinsurers will be able to fulfill their obligations to us. As of
December 31, 2005, the reinsurers participating in our retrocession facilities
that have been reviewed by A.M. Best Company, were rated "B++", the fifth
highest rating out of fifteen possible ratings, or better. We are also subject
to the risk that our clients will be unable to fulfill their obligations to us
under our reinsurance agreements with them.
We use the services of third-party investment managers to manage specialty
assets where our investment management expertise is limited. We rely on these
investment managers to provide investment advice and execute investment
transactions that are within our investment policy guidelines. Poor performance
on the part of our outside investment managers could negatively affect our
financial performance.
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For some reinsurance agreements, the ceding company withholds and legally
owns and manages assets equal to the net statutory reserves, and we reflect
these assets as funds withheld at interest on our balance sheet. In the event
that a ceding company were to become insolvent, we would need to assert a claim
on the assets supporting our reserve liabilities. We attempt to mitigate our
risk of loss by offsetting amounts for claims or allowances that we owe the
ceding company with amounts that the ceding company owes to us. We are subject
to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although we do not
directly control them. To mitigate some of this risk, we help to set, and
monitor compliance with, the investment guidelines followed by these ceding
companies. However, to the extent that such investment guidelines are not
appropriate, or to the extent the ceding companies do not adhere to such
guidelines, our risk of loss could increase, which could materially adversely
affect our financial condition and results of operations. During 2005, interest
earned on funds withheld represented 4.2% of our consolidated revenues. Funds
withheld at interest totaled $3.5 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively.
As with all financial services companies, our ability to conduct business
depends on consumer confidence in the industry and our financial strength.
Actions of competitors, and financial difficulties of other companies in the
industry, and related adverse publicity, could undermine consumer confidence and
harm our reputation.
OUR OBLIGATIONS TO PAY CLAIMS, INCLUDING SETTLEMENTS OR AWARDS, ON CLOSED OR
DISCONTINUED LINES OF BUSINESS MAY EXCEED THE RESERVES WE HAVE ESTABLISHED TO
COVER SUCH CLAIMS AND MAY REQUIRE US TO ESTABLISH ADDITIONAL RESERVES, WHICH
WOULD REDUCE OUR NET INCOME.
As of December 31, 1998, we formally reported our accident and health
division as a discontinued operation. The accident and health operation was
placed into run-off, and all treaties were terminated at the earliest possible
date. The nature of the underlying risks is such that the claims may take years
to reach the reinsurers involved. Accordingly, we expect to pay claims out of
existing reserves over a number of years as the level of business diminishes. We
are a party to a number of disputes relating to the accident and health
operation, some of which are currently in arbitration or may be subject to
arbitration in the future. We have established reserves for some of these
treaties based upon our estimates of the expected claims, including settlement
or arbitration outcomes. As of January 31, 2006, the parties involved in these
actions have raised claims, or established reserves that may result in claims,
in the amount of $24.2 million, which is $23.5 million in excess of the amount
we held as reserves.
If the amount of claims, including awards or settlements, resulting from
this discontinued line of business, exceeds our current reserves, we may incur
future charges to pay these claims and may need to establish additional
reserves. It is possible that an adverse outcome could, from time to time, have
a material adverse effect on our consolidated net income or cash flows in
particular quarterly or annual periods.
WE HAVE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS.
In 2005, approximately 28.1% of our net premiums and $75.7 million of
income from continuing operations before income taxes came from our operations
in Europe, South Africa and Asia Pacific. One of our strategies is to grow these
international operations. International operations subject us to various
inherent risks. In addition to the regulatory and foreign currency risks
identified above, other risks include the following:
- managing the growth of these operations effectively, particularly the
recent rates of growth;
- changes in mortality and morbidity experience and the supply and
demand for our products that are specific to these markets and that
may be difficult to anticipate;
- political and economic instability in the regions of the world where
we operate;
- uncertainty arising out of foreign government sovereignty over our
international operations; and
- potentially uncertain or adverse tax consequences, including regarding
the repatriation of earnings from our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage these risks effectively
or that they will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
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RISKS RELATED TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK
THE MARKET PRICE FOR OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE HIGHLY VOLATILE.
The market price for our common stock has fluctuated, ranging between
$40.76 and $48.73 per share for the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2005. The
overall market and the price of our common stock may continue to be volatile.
There may be a significant effect on the market price for our common stock due
to, among other things:
- changes in investors' and analysts' perceptions of the risks and
conditions of our business, including those that may result from any
potential sale of some or all of the shares of our common stock owned
by MetLife;
- the size of the public float of our common stock;
- the announcement of acquisitions by us or our competitors;
- variations in our anticipated or actual operating results or the
results of our competitors;
- fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
- regulatory developments;
- market conditions; and
- general economic conditions.
FUTURE SALES OF OUR COMMON STOCK OR OTHER SECURITIES MAY DILUTE THE VALUE OF THE
COMMON STOCK.
Our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of the
shareholders, to issue any or all authorized but unissued shares of our common
stock, including securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common
stock and authorized but unissued shares under our stock option and other equity
compensation plans. In the future, we may issue such additional securities,
through public or private offerings, in order to raise additional capital. Any
such issuance will dilute the percentage ownership of shareholders and may
dilute the per share projected earnings or book value of the common stock. In
addition, option holders may exercise their options at any time when we would
otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms.
LIMITED TRADING VOLUME OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ITS PRICE
VOLATILITY.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. During the
twelve months ended December 31, 2005 the average daily trading volume for our
common stock as reported by the NYSE was 213,590 shares. As a result, relatively
small trades may have a significant effect on the price of our common stock.
OUR ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, BYLAWS AND MISSOURI LAW MAY LIMIT THE ABILITY OF
OUR SHAREHOLDERS TO CHANGE OUR DIRECTION OR MANAGEMENT, EVEN IF THEY BELIEVE
SUCH A CHANGE WOULD BE BENEFICIAL.
Our articles of incorporation, bylaws and Missouri law contain certain
provisions that make it more difficult for our shareholders to replace directors
even if the shareholders consider it beneficial to do so. In addition, these
provisions may discourage certain types of transactions that involve an actual
or threatened change of control. While these provisions are designed to
encourage persons seeking to acquire control to negotiate with our board of
directors, they could have the effect of discouraging a prospective purchaser
from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control and may
prevent a shareholder from receiving the benefit of any premium over the market
price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a potential takeover.
In particular, our articles of incorporation, bylaws and Missouri law:
- restrict various types of business combinations with significant
shareholders;
- provide for a classified board of directors;
- limit the right of shareholders to remove directors or change the size
of the board of directors;
- limit the right of shareholders to fill vacancies on the board of
directors;
- limit the right of shareholders to call a special meeting of
shareholders or propose other actions;
- require unanimity for shareholders to act by written consent, in
accordance with Missouri law;
- require a higher percentage of shareholders than would otherwise be
required under Missouri law to amend, alter, change or repeal some of
the provisions of our articles of incorporation;
24
- provide that our bylaws may be amended only by the majority vote of
the entire board of directors, and shareholders will not be able to
amend the bylaws without first amending the articles of incorporation;
and
- authorize the issuance of preferred stock with any voting powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or
other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions
of such rights as may be specified by our board of directors, without
shareholder approval.
Even in the absence of an attempt to effect a change in management or a
takeover attempt, these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market
price of our common shares if they are viewed as discouraging changes in
management and takeover attempts in the future.
APPLICABLE INSURANCE LAWS MAY MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO EFFECT A CHANGE OF CONTROL OF
RGA.
Before a person can acquire control of a U.S. insurance company, prior
written approval must be obtained from the insurance commission of the state
where the domestic insurer is domiciled. Missouri insurance laws and regulations
provide that no person may acquire control of us, and thus indirect control of
our Missouri reinsurance subsidiaries, including RGA Reinsurance, unless:
- such person has provided certain required information to the Missouri
Department of Insurance and
- such acquisition is approved by the Missouri Director of Insurance
after a public hearing.
Under Missouri insurance laws and regulations, any person acquiring 10% or
more of the outstanding voting securities of a corporation, such as our common
stock, is presumed to have acquired control of that corporation and its
subsidiaries.
Canadian federal insurance laws and regulations provide that no person may
directly or indirectly acquire "control" of or a "significant interest" in our
Canadian insurance subsidiary, RGA Canada, unless:
- such person has provided information, material and evidence to the
Canadian Superintendent of Financial Institutions as required by him,
and
- such acquisition is approved by the Canadian Minister of Finance.
For this purpose, "significant interest" means the direct or indirect
beneficial ownership by a person, or group of persons acting in concert, of
shares representing 10% or more of a given class. "Control" of an insurance
company exists when:
- a person, or group of persons acting in concert, beneficially owns or
controls an entity that beneficially owns securities, such as our
common stock, representing more than 50% of the votes entitled to be
cast for the election of directors and such votes are sufficient to
elect a majority of the directors of the insurance company, or
- a person has any direct or indirect influence that would result in
control in fact of an insurance company.
Prior to granting approval of an application to directly or indirectly
acquire control of a domestic or foreign insurer, an insurance regulator may
consider such factors as the financial strength of the applicant, the integrity
of the applicant's board of directors and executive officers, the applicant's
plans for the future operations of the domestic insurer and any anti-competitive
results that may arise from the consummation of the acquisition of control.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
U.S. OPERATIONS AND CORPORATE AND OTHER OPERATIONS
RGA Reinsurance houses its employees and the majority of RGA's officers in
approximately 161,500 square feet of office space at 1370 Timberlake Manor
Parkway, Chesterfield, Missouri. These premises are leased through December 31,
2014, at annual rents ranging from approximately $2,000,000 to $2,900,000. RGA
Reinsurance also conducts business from a total of approximately 1,400 square
feet of office space in Norwalk, Connecticut and North Palm Beach, Florida.
These premises are leased through December 2006, at an annual rent of
approximately $39,000. GA Argentina, part of the
25
Corporate and Other operations, conducts business from approximately 3,900
square feet of office space in Buenos Aires. These premises are leased through
July 2008, at annual rents of approximately $34,000.
CANADA OPERATIONS
RGA Canada conducts business from approximately 27,000 square feet of
office space in Montreal and Toronto, Canada. These premises are leased through
November 2016, at annual rents ranging from approximately $670,000 to $735,000.
These rents are net of expected sublease income ranging from approximately
$336,000 to $354,000 annually through 2010.
EUROPE & SOUTH AFRICA OPERATIONS
RGA Reinsurance also conducts business from a total of approximately 7,500
square feet of office space in Madrid, Mexico City and Mumbai. These premises
are leased through November 2007, at total annual rents of approximately
$169,000. RGA International, which also provides support functions for the Asia
Pacific operations, conducts business from approximately 9,800 square feet of
office space in Toronto. These premises are leased through August 2007, at
annual rents of approximately $493,000. RGA UK conducts business from
approximately 6,400 square feet of office space in London. These premises are
leased through April 2010, at annual rents of approximately $577,000. RGA South
Africa conducts business from approximately 12,800 square feet of office space
in Cape Town and Johannesburg. These premises are leased through June 2009, at
annual rents of approximately $90,000.
ASIA PACIFIC OPERATIONS
RGA Reinsurance also conducts business from a total of approximately 25,500
square feet of office space in Hong Kong, Tokyo, Taipei, Seoul and Beijing.
These premises are leased through May 2008, at annual rents of approximately
$1,272,000. RGA Australia conducts business from approximately 11,100 square
feet of office space in Sydney. These premises are leased through January 2010,
at annual rents of approximately $402,000.
The Company believes its facilities have been generally well maintained and
are in good operating condition. The Company believes the facilities are
sufficient for its current and projected future requirements.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that involve its
discontinued accident and health business, including personal accident business
(including London market excess of loss business) and workers' compensation
carve-out business. The Company is also party to one pending and one threatened
arbitration related to its life reinsurance business. In addition, the Company
has been joined in a suit filed against one of its ceding companies alleging
wrongful denial of a life insurance claim. As of January 31, 2006, the parties
involved in these actions have raised claims, or established reserves that may
result in claims, in the amount of $31.5 million, which is $27.6 million in
excess of the amounts held in reserve by the Company. The Company generally has
little information regarding any reserves established by the ceding companies,
and must rely on management estimates to establish policy claim liabilities. It
is possible that any such reserves could be increased in the future. The Company
believes it has substantial defenses upon which to contest these claims,
including but not limited to misrepresentation and breach of contract by direct
and indirect ceding companies. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements, "Discontinued Operations" for more information. Additionally, from
time to time, the Company is subject to litigation related to employment-related
matters in the normal course of its business. While it is not feasible to
predict or determine the ultimate outcome of the pending litigation or
arbitrations or provide reasonable ranges of potential losses, it is the opinion
of management, after consultation with counsel, that their outcomes, after
consideration of the provisions made in the Company's consolidated financial
statements, would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated
financial position. However, it is possible that an adverse outcome could, from
time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated net
income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
In addition, as discussed in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," since 2001, the Company has
pursued various courses of action to reduce and eliminate its obligations
associated with the reinsurance of Argentine pension accounts. The Company's
actions have resulted in one AFJP ceding company demanding arbitration and could
result in other litigation or arbitrations in the future. However, as of January
2006, the Company had commuted about 95% of its obligations associated with the
AFJP business and is in discussions with the remaining clients regarding
settlement of all obligations under the remaining treaties. Therefore, the risk
of litigation or arbitrations in the future has significantly declined. While it
is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of any such future
litigations or arbitrations or provide reasonable ranges of potential losses, it
is the opinion of management,
26
after consultation with counsel, that their outcomes, after consideration of the
provisions made in the Company's consolidated financial statements, would not
have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters that were submitted to a vote of security holders
during the fourth quarter of 2005.
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Information about the market price of the Company's common equity,
dividends and related stockholder matters is contained in Item 8 under the
caption "Quarterly Data (Unaudited)" and in Item 1 under the caption
"Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions." Additionally, insurance companies
are subject to statutory regulations that restrict the payment of dividends. See
Item 1 under the caption "Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions."
The following table summarizes information regarding securities authorized
for issuance under equity compensation plans:
Number of securities
Number of securities to be issued Weighted-average exercise remaining available for
upon exercise of outstanding price of outstanding options, future issuance under
Plan category options, warrants and rights warrants and rights equity compensation plans
------------- --------------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------
Equity compensation plans approved
by security holders 3,073,955(1) $31.90(2)(3) 1,278,158(4)
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders -- -- --
--------- ------ ---------
Total 3,073,955 $31.90 1,278,158
========= ====== =========
(1) Includes the number of securities to be issued upon exercises under the
following plans: Flexible Stock Plan - 3,001,346; Flexible Stock Plan for
Directors - 47,366; and Phantom Stock Plan for Directors - 25,243
(2) Does not include 249,959 performance contingent units to be issued under
the Flexible Stock Plan or 25,243 phantom units to be issued under the
Phantom Stock Plan for Directors because those securities do not have an
exercise price (i.e. a unit is a hypothetical share of Company common stock
with a value equal to the fair market value of the common stock).
(3) Reflects the blended weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options
under the Flexible Stock Plan ($31.92) and Flexible Stock Plan for
Directors ($31.18).
(4) Includes the number of securities remaining available for future issuance
under the following plans: Flexible Stock Plan - 1,133,892; Flexible Stock
Plan for Directors - 108,653; and Phantom Stock Plan for Directors -
35,613.
27
Information regarding the Company's accelerated stock repurchase program is
contained in the following table:
TOTAL SHARES
PURCHASED AS PART OF TOTAL SHARES THAT
TOTAL NUMBER OF AVERAGE PRICE PER PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED MAY YET BE PURCHASED
DATE SHARES PURCHASED SHARE PROGRAM UNDER THE PROGRAM
---- ---------------- ----------------- -------------------- --------------------
December 12, 2005 1,600,000 $47.43 1,600,000 --
The average price paid per share is subject to adjustment for the volume
weighted average price per share paid by the financial counterparty that
facilitated the accelerated stock repurchase. The counterparty repurchased
shares for its own account in the open market from time to time until it
acquired the number of shares repurchased by the Company. The Company paid a
final settlement amount of $130 thousand, or $0.08 per share, to the
counterparty in February 2006. (See Note 3, "Stock Transactions," of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the
accelerated stock repurchase program).
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data presented for, and as of the end of, each of
the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2005, have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. All amounts shown are in millions, except per share and operating data.
The following data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial
Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Part
II Item 8 and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations appearing in Part II Item 7.
28
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
(in millions, except per share and operating data)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
------------------------ --------- --------- --------- -------- --------
INCOME STATEMENT DATA (1)
Revenues:
Net premiums $ 3,866.8 $ 3,347.4 $ 2,643.2 $1,980.7 $1,661.8
Investment income, net of related expenses 639.2 580.5 465.6 374.5 340.6
Investment related gains (losses), net 13.6 29.5 5.3 (14.6) (68.4)
Change in value of embedded derivatives 7.4 26.1 43.6 -- --
Other revenues 57.7 55.4 47.3 41.4 34.3
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Total revenues 4,584.7 4,038.9 3,205.0 2,382.0 1,968.3
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits 3,187.9 2,678.5 2,108.4 1,539.5 1,376.8
Interest credited 208.4 198.9 179.7 126.7 111.7
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 629.3 591.0 458.2 391.5 304.2
Change in deferred acquisition costs associated with
change in value of embedded derivatives 7.0 22.9 30.7 -- --
Other operating expenses 154.4 140.0 119.6 94.8 91.3
Interest expense 41.4 38.4 36.8 35.5 18.1
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses 4,228.4 3,669.7 2,933.4 2,188.0 1,902.1
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes 356.3 369.2 271.6 194.0 66.2
Provision for income taxes 120.7 123.9 93.3 65.5 26.3
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Income from continuing operations 235.6 245.3 178.3 128.5 39.9
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations,
net of income taxes (11.4) (23.0) (5.7) (5.7) (6.9)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle,
net of income taxes -- (0.4) 0.5 -- --
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Net income $ 224.2 $ 221.9 $ 173.1 $ 122.8 $ 33.0
========= ========= ========= ======== ========
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (1)
Continuing operations $ 3.77 $ 3.94 $ 3.47 $ 2.60 $ 0.81
Discontinued operations (0.19) (0.37) (0.11) (0.11) (0.14)
Accounting change -- (0.01) 0.01 -- --
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Net income $ 3.58 $ 3.56 $ 3.37 $ 2.49 $ 0.67
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE (1)
Continuing operations $ 3.70 $ 3.90 $ 3.46 $ 2.59 $ 0.80
Discontinued operations (0.18) (0.37) (0.11) (0.12) (0.14)
Accounting change -- (0.01) 0.01 -- --
--------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Net income $ 3.52 $ 3.52 $ 3.36 $ 2.47 $ 0.66
Weighted average diluted shares, in thousands 63,724 62,964 51,598 49,648 49,905
Dividends per share on common stock $ 0.36 $ 0.27 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24
BALANCE SHEET DATA (1)
Total investments $12,331.5 $10,564.2 $ 8,883.4 $6,650.2 $5,088.4
Total assets 16,193.9 14,048.1 12,113.4 8,892.6 7,016.1
Policy liabilities 11,726.3 10,314.5 8,811.8 6,603.7 5,077.1
Long-term debt 674.4 349.7 398.1 327.8 323.4
Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities
of subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated
debentures of the Company 158.6 158.4 158.3 158.2 158.1
Total stockholders' equity 2,527.5 2,279.0 1,947.7 1,222.5 1,005.6
Total stockholders' equity per share $ 41.38 $ 36.50 $ 31.33 $ 24.72 $ 20.30
OPERATING DATA (IN BILLIONS) (1)
Assumed ordinary life reinsurance in force $ 1,736.6 $ 1,458.9 $ 1,252.2 $ 758.9 $ 616.0
Assumed new business production 354.1 279.1 544.4 230.0 171.1
(1) During December 2003, the Company completed a large coinsurance agreement
with Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America. See Note 4 -
Significant Transaction of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
29
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including, among others,
statements relating to projections of the strategies, earnings, revenues, income
or loss, ratios, future financial performance, and growth potential of the
Company. The words "intend," "expect," "project," "estimate," "predict,"
"anticipate," "should," "believe," and other similar expressions also are
intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are
inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted
or quantified. Future events and actual results, performance, and achievements
could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying
the forward-looking statements.
Numerous important factors could cause actual results and events to differ
materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements
including, without limitation, (1) adverse changes in mortality, morbidity or
claims experience, (2) changes in the Company's financial strength and credit
ratings or those of MetLife, Inc. ("MetLife"), the beneficial owner of a
majority of the Company's common shares, or its subsidiaries, and the effect of
such changes on the Company's future results of operations and financial
condition, (3) inadequate risk analysis and underwriting, (4) general economic
conditions or a prolonged economic downturn affecting the demand for insurance
and reinsurance in the Company's current and planned markets, (5) the
availability and cost of collateral necessary for regulatory reserves and
capital, (6) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the Company's
ability to make timely sales of investment securities, (7) risks inherent in the
Company's risk management and investment strategy, including changes in
investment portfolio yields due to interest rate or credit quality changes, (8)
fluctuations in U.S. or foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or
securities and real estate markets, (9) adverse litigation or arbitration
results, (10) the adequacy of reserves, resources and accurate information
relating to settlements, awards and terminated and discontinued lines of
business, (11) the stability of and actions by governments and economies in the
markets in which the Company operates, (12) competitive factors and competitors'
responses to the Company's initiatives, (13) the success of the Company's
clients, (14) successful execution of the Company's entry into new markets, (15)
successful development and introduction of new products and distribution
opportunities, (16) the Company's ability to successfully integrate and operate
reinsurance business that the Company acquires, (17) regulatory action that may
be taken by state Departments of Insurance with respect to the Company, MetLife,
or its subsidiaries, (18) the Company's dependence on third parties, including
those insurance companies and reinsurers to which the Company cedes some
reinsurance, third-party investment managers and others, (19) the threat of
natural disasters, catastrophes, terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics
anywhere in the world where the Company or its clients do business, (20) changes
in laws, regulations, and accounting standards applicable to the Company, its
subsidiaries, or its business, (21) the effect of the Company's status as an
insurance holding company and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay
principal of and interest on its debt obligations, and (22) other risks and
uncertainties described in this document and in the Company's other filings with
the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many risks
and uncertainties that affect the Company's business, including those mentioned
in this document and the cautionary statements described in the periodic reports
the Company files with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as
of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any
obligations to update these forward-looking statements, even though the
Company's situation may change in the future. The Company qualifies all of its
forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. For a discussion of
these risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, you are
advised to see Item 1A Risk Factors.
OVERVIEW
RGA is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992.
As of December 31, 2005, General American, a Missouri life insurance company,
directly owned approximately 52.8% of the outstanding shares of common stock of
RGA. General American is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc., a New
York-based insurance and financial services holding company.
30
The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and
results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, RGA Canada, RGA
Americas, RGA Australia and RGA UK as well as several other subsidiaries subject
to an ownership position of greater than fifty percent (collectively, the
"Company").
The Company is primarily engaged in traditional individual life,
asset-intensive, critical illness and financial reinsurance. RGA and its
predecessor, the Reinsurance Division of General American, have been engaged in
the business of life reinsurance since 1973. Approximately 71.8% of the
Company's 2005 net premiums were from its more established operations in North
America, which include its U.S. and Canada segments.
The Company believes it is one of the leading life reinsurers in North
America based on premiums and the amount of life insurance in force. The Company
believes, based on an industry survey prepared by Munich American at the request
of the Society of Actuaries Reinsurance Section ("SOA survey"), that it has the
second largest market share in North America as measured by life insurance in
force. The Company's approach to the North American market has been to:
- focus on large, high quality life insurers as clients;
- provide quality facultative underwriting and automatic
reinsurance capacity; and
- deliver responsive and flexible service to its clients.
In 1994, the Company began using its North American underwriting expertise
and industry knowledge to expand into international markets and now has
subsidiaries, branches or offices in Australia, Barbados, Bermuda, China, Hong
Kong, India, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan
and the United Kingdom. These operations are included in either the Company's
Asia Pacific segment or its Europe & South Africa segment. The Company generally
starts new operations from the ground up in these markets as opposed to
acquiring existing operations, and it often enters these markets to support its
North American clients as they expand internationally. Based on Standard &
Poor's Global Reinsurance Highlights, 2005 Edition, the Company believes it is
the third largest life reinsurer in the world based on 2004 gross life
reinsurance premiums. While the Company believes information published by
Standard & Poor's is generally reliable, the Company has not independently
verified the data. Standard & Poor's does not guarantee the accuracy and
completeness of the information. The Company conducts business with the majority
of the largest U.S. and international life insurance companies. The Company has
also developed its capacity and expertise in the reinsurance of asset-intensive
products (primarily annuities and corporate-owned life insurance) and financial
reinsurance.
INDUSTRY TRENDS
The Company believes that the following trends in the life insurance
industry will continue to create demand for life reinsurance.
Outsourcing of Mortality. The SOA survey indicates that U.S. life
reinsurance in force has more than doubled from $3.2 trillion in 1999 to
$6.6 trillion at year-end 2004. The Company believes this trend reflects
increased utilization by life insurance companies of reinsurance to manage
capital and mortality risk and to develop competitive products. Reinsurers
are able to efficiently aggregate a significant volume of life insurance in
force, creating economies of scale and greater diversification of risk. As
a result of having larger amounts of data at their disposal compared to
primary life insurance companies, reinsurers tend to have better insights
into mortality trends, creating more efficient pricing for mortality risk.
Increased Capital Sensitivity. Regulatory environments, rating agencies and
competitive business pressures are causing life insurers to reinsure as a
means to:
- manage risk-based capital by shifting mortality and other risks
to reinsurers, thereby reducing amounts of reserves and capital
they need to maintain;
- release capital to pursue new business initiatives; and
- unlock the capital supporting, and value embedded in, non-core
product lines.
Consolidation and Reorganization Within the Life Reinsurance and Life
Insurance Industry. As a result of consolidations in recent years within
the life reinsurance industry, there are fewer competitors. According to
the SOA survey, as of December 31, 2004, the top five companies held
approximately 79% of the market share in North America based on life
reinsurance in force, whereas in 1999, the top five companies held
approximately 57% of the market share. As a consequence, the Company
believes the life reinsurance pricing environment will remain attractive
for the remaining life reinsurers, particularly those with a significant
market presence and strong ratings.
31
The SOA surveys indicate that the authors obtained information from
participating or responding companies and do not guarantee the accuracy and
completeness of their information. Additionally, the surveys do not survey
all reinsurance companies, but the Company believes most of its principal
competitors are included. While the Company believes these surveys to be
generally reliable, the Company has not independently verified their data.
Additionally, the number of merger and acquisition transactions within the
life insurance industry has increased in recent years. The Company believes
that reorganizations and consolidations of life insurers will continue. As
reinsurance products are increasingly used to facilitate these transactions
and manage risk, the Company expects demand for its products to continue.
Changing Demographics of Insured Populations. The aging of the population
in North America is increasing demand for financial products among "baby
boomers" who are concerned about protecting their peak income stream and
are considering retirement and estate planning. The Company believes that
this trend is likely to result in continuing demand for annuity products
and life insurance policies, larger face amounts of life insurance policies
and higher mortality risk taken by life insurers, all of which should fuel
the need for insurers to seek reinsurance coverage.
The Company continues to follow a two-part business strategy to capitalize on
industry trends.
Continue Growth of Core North American Business. The Company's strategy
includes continuing to grow each of the following components of its North
American operations:
- Facultative Reinsurance. Based on discussions with the Company's
clients and informal knowledge about the industry, the Company
believes it is a leader in facultative underwriting in North
America. The Company intends to maintain that status by
emphasizing its underwriting standards, prompt response on
quotes, competitive pricing, capacity and flexibility in meeting
customer needs. The Company believes its facultative business has
allowed it to develop close, long-standing client relationships
and generate additional business opportunities with its
facultative clients.
- Automatic Reinsurance. The Company intends to expand its presence
in the North American automatic reinsurance market by using its
mortality expertise and breadth of products and services to gain
additional market share.
- In Force Block Reinsurance. The Company anticipates additional
opportunities to grow its business by reinsuring "in force block"
insurance, as insurers and reinsurers seek to exit various
non-core businesses and increase financial flexibility in order
to, among other things, redeploy capital and pursue merger and
acquisition activity. The Company took advantage of one such
opportunity in 2003 when it assumed the traditional life
reinsurance business of Allianz Life.
Continue Expansion Into Selected Markets. The Company's strategy includes
building upon the expertise and relationships developed in its core North
American business platform to continue its expansion into selected products
and markets, including:
- International Markets. Management believes that international
markets offer opportunities for growth, and the Company intends
to capitalize on these opportunities by establishing a presence
in selected markets. Since 1994, the Company has entered new
markets internationally, including, in the mid-to-late 1990's,
Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Africa,
Spain, Taiwan and the UK, and beginning in 2002, China, India and
South Korea. The Company's most recent expansion took place in
January 2005, when the Company received regulatory approval to
open a representative office in China. Before entering new
markets, the Company evaluates several factors including:
- the size of the insured population,
- competition,
- the level of reinsurance penetration,
- regulation,
- existing clients with a presence in the market, and
- the economic, social and political environment.
32
As previously indicated, the Company generally starts new
operations in these markets from the ground up as opposed to
acquiring existing operations, and it often enters these markets
to support its large international clients as they expand into
additional markets. Many of the markets that the Company has
entered since 1994, or may enter in the future, are not utilizing
life reinsurance, including facultative life reinsurance, at the
same levels as the North American market, and therefore, the
Company believes represent opportunities for increasing
reinsurance penetration. Additionally, the Company believes that
in certain markets, ceding companies may want to reduce
counterparty exposure to their existing life reinsurers, creating
opportunities for the Company.
- Asset-intensive and Other Products. The Company intends to
continue leveraging its existing client relationships and
reinsurance expertise to create customized reinsurance products
and solutions. Industry trends, particularly the increased pace
of consolidation and reorganization among life insurance
companies and changes in products and product distribution, are
expected to enhance existing opportunities for asset-intensive
and other products. To date, most of the Company's
asset-intensive business has been written in the U.S.; however,
the Company believes opportunities outside of the U.S. may
further develop in the near future.
FINANCIAL OBJECTIVES
The Company sets various consolidated financial and operating goals for the
intermediate period (next three to five years) including:
- Achieving a return on stockholders' equity of 12% to 14%;
- Achieving annual earnings per share growth of 11% to 13%; and
- Maintaining a debt to capital ratio of less than 25%.
Additionally, the Company has financial growth expectations for various
operating segments for the intermediate period (next three to five years). In
its U.S. and Canada operations, the Company expects growth rates for premium and
income before income taxes of 8% to 10% and 10% to 15%, respectively. The
Company's newer international operations, which include Europe & South Africa,
and Asia Pacific, are subject to more volatility. For these newer international
operations, the Company anticipates growth in premium and income before income
taxes of approximately 15% over the intermediate term (next three to five
years).
These goals and expectations are aspirational and you should not rely on
them. The Company can give no assurance that it will be able to approach or meet
any of these goals, and it may fall short of any or all of them. See
"Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements" and "Risk Factors."
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company derives revenues primarily from renewal premiums from existing
reinsurance treaties, new business premiums from existing or new reinsurance
treaties, income earned on invested assets, and fees earned from financial
reinsurance transactions.
The Company's primary business is life reinsurance, which involves
reinsuring life insurance policies that are often in force for the remaining
lifetime of the underlying individuals insured, with premiums earned typically
over a period of 10 to 30 years. Each year, however, a portion of the business
under existing treaties terminates due to, among other things, lapses or
voluntary surrenders of underlying policies, deaths of policyholders, and the
exercise of recapture options by ceding companies.
During December 2003, the Company completed a large coinsurance agreement
with Allianz Life. Under this agreement, RGA Reinsurance assumed the traditional
life reinsurance business of Allianz Life, including yearly renewable term
reinsurance and coinsurance of term policies. The business did not include any
accident and health risk, annuities or related guaranteed minimum death benefits
or guaranteed minimum income benefits. This transaction added additional scale
to the Company's U.S. traditional business, but did not significantly add to its
client base because most of the underlying ceding companies were already its
clients. Substantially all of the underlying ceding companies novated their
treaties from Allianz Life to RGA Reinsurance during 2004. Novation results in
the underlying client companies reinsuring the business directly to RGA
Reinsurance versus passing through Allianz Life.
The transaction was effective retroactive to July 1, 2003. Under the
agreement, Allianz Life transferred to RGA Reinsurance $425.7 million in cash
and statutory reserves. RGA Reinsurance paid Allianz Life a ceding commission of
33
$310.0 million. As a result of this transaction, during the fourth quarter of
2003, the Company's U.S. traditional sub-segment reflected $246.1 million in net
premiums and approximately $6.8 million of net income, after tax.
Consolidated assumed insurance in force increased from $1.5 trillion to
$1.7 trillion for the year ended December 31, 2005. Assumed new business
production for 2005 totaled $354.1 billion compared to $279.1 billion in 2004
and $544.4 billion in 2003. The transaction with Allianz Life contributed $287.2
billion to the new business production in 2003.
As is customary in the reinsurance business, life insurance clients
continually update, refine, and revise reinsurance information provided to the
Company. Such revised information is used by the Company in preparation of its
financial statements and the financial effects resulting from the incorporation
of revised data are reflected currently.
The Company's profitability primarily depends on the volume and amount of
death claims incurred and the ability to adequately price the risks it assumes.
While death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years,
claims become less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to
significant fluctuation from quarter to quarter and year to year. Effective July
1, 2003, the Company increased the maximum amount of coverage that it retains
per life from $4 million to $6 million. This increase does not affect business
written prior to July 1, 2003. Claims in excess of this retention amount are
retroceded to retrocessionaires; however, the Company remains fully liable to
the ceding company for the entire amount of risk it assumes. The increase in the
Company's retention limit from $4 million to $6 million reduces the amount of
premiums it pays to retrocessionaires, but increases the maximum effect a single
death claim can have on its results and therefore may result in additional
volatility to its results.
The Company maintains a catastrophe insurance program ("Program") that
renews on August 13th of each year. The current Program began August 13, 2005,
and covers events involving 10 or more insured deaths from a single occurrence.
The Company retains the first $25 million in claims, the Program covers the next
$50 million in claims, and the Company retains all claims in excess of $75
million. The Program covers only losses under North American guaranteed issue
corporate-owned life insurance, bank-owned life insurance and similar
reinsurance programs and includes losses due to acts of terrorism, but excludes
losses due to nuclear, chemical and/or biological events. The Program is insured
by several insurance companies and Lloyd's Syndicates, with no single entity
providing more than $10 million of coverage.
Since December 31, 1998, the Company has formally reported its accident and
health division as a discontinued operation. The accident and health business
was placed into run-off, and all treaties were terminated at the earliest
possible date. Notice was given to all cedants and retrocessionaires that all
treaties were being cancelled at the expiration of their terms. The nature of
the underlying risks is such that the claims may take several years to reach the
reinsurers involved. Thus, the Company expects to pay claims over a number of
years as the level of business diminishes. The Company will report a loss to the
extent claims and related expenses exceed established reserves. During 2004, the
accident and health division reported a net loss of $23.0 million due to claim
payments in excess of established reserves, an arbitration settlement and legal
fees. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The increase in 2004
is due primarily to a negotiated settlement of all disputed claims associated
with the Company's largest identified accident and health exposure.
The Company has five main operational segments, each of which is a distinct
reportable segment: U.S., Canada, Europe & South Africa, Asia Pacific and
Corporate and Other. The U.S. operations provide traditional life,
asset-intensive, and financial reinsurance primarily to domestic clients. The
Canada operations provide insurers with reinsurance of traditional life products
as well as reinsurance of critical illness products. Europe & South Africa
operations include traditional life reinsurance and critical illness business
from Europe & South Africa, in addition to other markets the Company is
developing. Asia Pacific operations provide primarily traditional life
reinsurance, critical illness and, to a lesser extent, financial reinsurance.
The Company's discontinued accident and health business is excluded from
continuing operations. The Company measures segment performance based on profit
or loss from operations before income taxes.
Consolidated income from continuing operations decreased 4.0% in 2005 to
$235.6 million and increased 37.6% in 2004 to $245.3 million. Diluted earnings
per share from continuing operations were $3.70 for 2005 compared to $3.90 for
2004 and $3.46 for 2003. A majority of the Company's earnings during these years
were attributed primarily to traditional reinsurance results in the U.S.
Consolidated investment income increased 10.1% and 24.7% during 2005 and
2004, respectively. These increases related to a growing invested asset base due
to positive cash flows from the Company's mortality operations and deposits from
several annuity reinsurance treaties, offset, in part, by declining invested
asset yields primarily due to a decline in prevailing interest rates. The cost
basis of invested assets increased by $1.6 billion, or 15.9%, in 2005 and
increased $1.5 billion, or 17.7%, in 2004. The average yield earned on
investments, excluding funds withheld, was 5.89% in 2005, compared with 5.91% in
2004 and 6.39% in 2003. The Company expects the average yield to vary from year
to year depending on a number of variables, including the prevailing interest
rate environment, and changes in the mix of the
34
underlying investments. Funds withheld assets are primarily associated with
annuity contracts on which the Company earns a spread. Fluctuations in the yield
on funds withheld assets are generally offset by a corresponding adjustment to
the interest credited on the liabilities. Investment income and realized
investment gains and losses are allocated to the operating segments based upon
average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support the
segment business volumes.
The consolidated provision for income taxes from continuing operations
represents approximately 33.9%, 33.6%, and 34.3% of pre-tax income for 2005,
2004, and 2003, respectively. Absent unusual items, the Company expects the
consolidated effective tax rate to be between 34% and 35%. The effective tax
rate for 2005 includes an increase in tax liability of $3.2 million related to
various tax audit exposures, whereas the 2004 effective tax rate includes the
effect of a $1.9 million reduction in tax resulting from the favorable
resolution of a tax position and the settlements of Internal Revenue Service
audit matters. The Company calculated tax benefits related to its discontinued
operations of $6.2 million for 2005, $12.4 million for 2004, and $3.1 million
for 2003. The effective tax rate on discontinued operations is approximately 35%
for each of the three years.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company's accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes its most critical
accounting policies include the capitalization and amortization of deferred
acquisition costs ("DAC"), the establishment of liabilities for future policy
benefits, other policy claims and benefits, including incurred but not reported
claims, the valuation of investment impairments, and the establishment of
arbitration or litigation reserves. The balances of these accounts are
significant to the Company's financial position and require extensive use of
assumptions and estimates, particularly related to the future performance of the
underlying business.
Additionally, for each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company must
determine if the contract provides indemnification against loss or liability
relating to insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards.
The Company must review all contractual features, particularly those that may
limit the amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject or features
that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that
the possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk will occur only under
remote circumstances, it records the contract under a deposit method of
accounting with the net amount payable/receivable reflected in other reinsurance
assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Fees earned on the
contracts are reflected as other revenues, as opposed to premiums, on the
consolidated statements of income.
Costs of acquiring new business, which vary with and are primarily related
to the production of new business, have been deferred to the extent that such
costs are deemed recoverable from future premiums or gross profits. DAC amounts
reflect the Company's expectations about the future experience of the business
in force and include commissions and allowances as well as certain costs of
policy issuance and underwriting. Some of the factors that can affect the
carrying value of DAC include mortality assumptions, interest spreads and policy
lapse rates. The Company performs periodic tests to establish that DAC remains
recoverable, and if experience significantly deteriorates to the point where a
premium deficiency exists, a cumulative charge to current operations will be
recorded. No such adjustments were made during 2005, 2004 or 2003. As of
December 31, 2005, the Company estimates that approximately 51.0% of its DAC
balance is collateralized by surrender fees due to the Company and the reduction
of policy liabilities, in excess of termination values, upon surrender or lapse
of a policy.
Liabilities for future policy benefits under long-term life insurance
policies (policy reserves) are computed based upon expected investment yields,
mortality and withdrawal (lapse) rates, and other assumptions, including a
provision for adverse deviation from expected claim levels. The Company
primarily relies on its own valuation and administration systems to establish
policy reserves. The policy reserves established by the Company may differ from
those established by its ceding companies (clients) due to the use of different
mortality and other assumptions. However, the Company relies on its clients to
provide accurate data, including policy-level information, premiums and claims,
which is the primary information used to establish reserves. The Company's
administration departments work directly with clients to help ensure information
is submitted by them in accordance with the reinsurance contracts. Additionally,
the Company performs periodic audits of the information provided by ceding
companies. The Company establishes reserves for processing backlogs with a goal
of clearing all backlogs within a ninety-day period. The backlogs are usually
due to data errors the Company discovers or computer file compatibility issues,
since much of the data reported to the Company is in electronic format and is
uploaded to its computer systems.
The Company periodically reviews actual historical experience and relative
anticipated experience compared to the assumptions used to establish policy
reserves. Further, the Company determines whether actual and anticipated
experience indicates that existing policy reserves together with the present
value of future gross premiums are sufficient to cover the present value of
future benefits, settlement and maintenance costs and to recover unamortized
acquisition costs. This loss
35
recognition testing is performed at the segment level and, if necessary, net
liabilities are increased along with a charge to income. Because of the many
assumptions and estimates used in establishing reserves and the long-term nature
of reinsurance contracts, the reserving process, while based on actuarial
science, is inherently uncertain.
Claims payable for incurred but not reported claims are determined using
case basis estimates and lag studies of past experience. These estimates are
periodically reviewed, and any adjustments to such estimates, if necessary, are
reflected in current operations.
The Company primarily invests in fixed maturity securities. The Company
monitors its fixed maturity securities to determine potential impairments in
value. The Company evaluates factors such as the financial condition of the
issuer, payment performance, the extent to which the market value has been below
amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market and industry sector
conditions, the intent and ability to hold securities, and various other
subjective factors. Securities, based on management's judgments, with an
other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to management's
estimate of fair value.
Differences in actual experience compared with the assumptions and
estimates utilized in the justification of the recoverability of DAC, in
establishing reserves for future policy benefits and claim liabilities, or in
the determination of other-than-temporary impairments to investment securities
can have a material effect on the Company's results of operations and financial
condition.
The Company is currently a party to various litigation and arbitrations.
While it is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of the
pending litigation or arbitrations or even provide reasonable ranges of
potential losses, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with
counsel, that the outcomes of such litigation and arbitrations, after
consideration of the provisions made in the Company's consolidated financial
statements, would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated
financial position. However, it is possible that an adverse outcome could, from
time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated net
income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods. See Notes 14 and
20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Further discussion and analysis of the results for 2005 compared to 2004
and 2003 are presented by segment. Certain prior-year amounts have been
reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. References to income
before income taxes exclude the effects of discontinued operations and the
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles.
U.S. OPERATIONS
U.S. operations consist of two major sub-segments: Traditional and
Non-Traditional. The Traditional sub-segment primarily specializes in
mortality-risk reinsurance. The Non-Traditional category consists of
Asset-Intensive and Financial Reinsurance.
NON-TRADITIONAL
-----------------------
ASSET- FINANCIAL TOTAL
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 TRADITIONAL INTENSIVE REINSURANCE U.S.
------------------------------------ ------------ --------- ----------- ----------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $2,429,541 $ 4,670 $ -- $2,434,211
Investment income, net of related expenses 245,195 220,819 121 466,135
Investment related losses, net (2,152) (1,077) -- (3,229)
Change in value of embedded derivatives -- 7,444 -- 7,444
Other revenues 2,290 8,621 28,554 39,465
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total revenues 2,674,874 240,477 28,675 2,944,026
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 2,008,536 4,870 6 2,013,412
Interest credited 53,958 151,966 -- 205,924
Policy acquisition costs and other
insurance expenses 341,066 48,276 8,452 397,794
Change in DAC associated with change
in value of embedded derivatives -- 6,972 -- 6,972
Other operating expenses 40,296 5,056 5,411 50,763
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total benefits and expenses 2,443,856 217,140 13,869 2,674,865
Income before income taxes $ 231,018 $ 23,337 $14,806 $ 269,161
========== ======== ======= ==========
36
NON-TRADITIONAL
-----------------------
ASSET- FINANCIAL TOTAL
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 TRADITIONAL INTENSIVE REINSURANCE U.S.
------------------------------------ ------------ --------- ----------- ----------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $2,207,817 $ 4,833 $ -- $2,212,650
Investment income, net of related expenses 220,080 215,862 173 436,115
Investment related gains (losses), net 9,738 (7,196) -- 2,542
Change in value of embedded derivatives -- 26,104 -- 26,104
Other revenues 4,157 9,735 27,419 41,311
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total revenues 2,441,792 249,338 27,592 2,718,722
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 1,758,452 9,751 2 1,768,205
Interest credited 50,290 146,480 -- 196,770
Policy acquisition costs and other
insurance expenses 329,006 48,243 9,521 386,770
Change in DAC associated with change in
value of embedded derivatives -- 22,896 -- 22,896
Other operating expenses 43,977 4,714 5,466 54,157
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total benefits and expenses 2,181,725 232,084 14,989 2,428,798
Income before income taxes $ 260,067 $ 17,254 $12,603 $ 289,924
========== ======== ======= ==========
NON-TRADITIONAL
-----------------------
ASSET- FINANCIAL TOTAL
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 TRADITIONAL INTENSIVE REINSURANCE U.S.
------------------------------------ ------------ --------- ----------- ----------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $1,797,478 $ 4,315 $ -- $1,801,793
Investment income, net of related expenses 181,897 164,127 105 346,129
Investment related losses, net (5,715) (1,674) -- (7,389)
Change in value of embedded derivatives -- 43,596 -- 43,596
Other revenues 3,920 6,524 27,302 37,746
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total revenues 1,977,580 216,888 27,407 2,221,875
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 1,457,886 2,976 -- 1,460,862
Interest credited 58,317 119,621 -- 177,938
Policy acquisition costs and other
insurance expenses 241,877 34,422 9,900 286,199
Change in DAC associated with change
in value of embedded derivatives -- 30,665 -- 30,665
Other operating expenses 41,186 3,809 5,128 50,123
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total benefits and expenses 1,799,266 191,493 15,028 2,005,787
Income before income taxes $ 178,314 $ 25,395 $12,379 $ 216,088
========== ======== ======= ==========
Income before income taxes for the U.S. operations totaled $269.2 million
in 2005, compared to $289.9 million for 2004 and $216.1 million in 2003. The
decrease in income from 2004 occurred in the Traditional sub-segment and can be
attributed to the unfavorable mortality experience in the first two quarters of
2005. The increase in income in 2004 over 2003 can also be attributed to the
Traditional sub-segment, mainly the Allianz Life acquisition which contributed a
full year of income in 2004.
37
Traditional Reinsurance
The U.S. traditional sub-segment provides life reinsurance to domestic
clients for a variety of life products through yearly renewable term agreements,
coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreements. These reinsurance arrangements
may be either facultative or automatic agreements. During 2005, production
totaled $186.8 billion of face amount of new business, compared to $168.8
billion in 2004 and $423.4 billion in 2003. Production for 2003 included $287.2
billion related to the Allianz Life transaction. Management believes industry
consolidation and the trend toward reinsuring mortality risks should continue to
provide opportunities for growth.
Income before income taxes for U.S. traditional reinsurance decreased 11.2%
in 2005 primarily due to poor mortality experience. At year-end 2004, income
increased 45.8% over prior year in large part due to the Allianz Life business,
which generated a full year of premium and income in 2004. Mortality experience
was also favorable in 2004.
Claims and other policy benefits, as a percentage of net premiums (loss
ratios), were 82.7%, 79.6%, and 81.1% in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. The
first six months of 2005 showed an increase in the severity of claims, which was
the primary contributor to the high loss ratio in 2005. Over the past three
years, the mortality experience in this sub-segment has fluctuated. This is
somewhat expected as death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of
many years, but are less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to
significant fluctuation.
Net premiums for U.S. traditional reinsurance increased $221.7 million in
2005, or 10.0% and $410.3 million in 2004, or 22.8%. Premium levels are driven
by the growth of total U.S. business in force, which increased to $1.1 trillion
in 2005, an increase of 8.7% over prior year. Total in force at year-end 2003
was $896.8 billion. This included $278.0 billion of in force from the Allianz
Life acquisition. In addition to the growth in business, the large increase in
2004 reflects the full integration of the Allianz Life business into the U.S.
traditional sub-segment. Large transactions and reporting practices of ceding
companies can influence premium levels and therefore cause fluctuations from
period to period.
Net investment income increased $25.1 million, or 11.4%, and $38.2 million,
or 21.0%, in 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in both years is due to
growth in the invested asset base, which in 2004 was greatly affected by the
Allianz Life transaction. Increased operating cash flows on traditional
reinsurance also contributed to the growth in both years. Investment income and
realized investment gains and losses are allocated to the various operating
segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate
to support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the
composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the
operating segments.
Interest credited relates to amounts credited on the Company's cash value
products in this segment, which have a significant mortality component. This
amount fluctuates with the changes in deposit levels, cash surrender values and
investment performance. Income before income taxes is affected by the spread
between the investment income and the interest credited on the underlying
products. Interest credited expense in 2005 totaled $54.0 million compared to
$50.3 million at year-end 2004. This increase relates primarily to one treaty in
which the credited loan rate increased from 5.1% in 2004 to 5.7% in 2005.
The amount of policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses, as a
percentage of net premiums, was 14.0%, 14.9%, and 13.5% in 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively. Overall, these percentages will fluctuate due to varying allowance
levels within coinsurance-type arrangements, the timing of amounts due to and
from ceding companies, as well as the amortization pattern of previously
capitalized amounts, which are based on the form of the reinsurance agreement
and the underlying insurance policies. Additionally, the mix of first year
coinsurance versus yearly renewable term can cause the percentage to fluctuate
from period to period.
Other operating expenses, as a percentage of net premiums, were 1.7%, 2.0%
and 2.3% in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The slightly higher ratios in
2004 and 2003 can be attributed to Allianz, including expenses associated with
transferring the Allianz business to the Company in 2004. The 2004 and 2003
amounts include $3.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of expenses
associated with the Allianz Life transaction.
Asset-Intensive Reinsurance
The U.S. Asset-Intensive sub-segment concentrates on the investment risk
within underlying annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies. Most of
these agreements are coinsurance, coinsurance funds withheld or modified
coinsurance of non-mortality risks such that the Company recognizes profits or
losses primarily from the spread between the investment earnings and the
interest credited on the underlying deposit liabilities.
During 2003, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133 Implementation Issue No. B36, "Embedded
Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments
38
That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially
Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments" ("Issue
B36"). The Company recorded a change in value of embedded derivatives during
2005, 2004 and 2003 of $7.4 million, $26.1 million and $43.6 million within
revenues and $7.0 million, $22.9 million and $30.7 million of related deferred
acquisition costs, respectively (see Note 2 - "New Accounting Pronouncements" in
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion).
Income before income taxes increased in 2005 to $23.3 million compared to
$17.3 million in 2004 and decreased from the $25.4 million reported in 2003. The
increase over 2004 is primarily due to investment related losses which decreased
from $7.2 million in 2004 to $1.1 million in 2005. Offsetting this slightly was
the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives which resulted in a net
gain of $0.5 million for 2005 compared to a net gain of $3.2 million in 2004. In
addition, income for 2004 includes a $2.0 million loss on the conversion of a
coinsurance-funds withheld annuity treaty to a coinsurance treaty in the third
quarter of 2004. The conversion resulted in $11.7 million of additional
investment income offset by $13.7 million in amortization of policy acquisition
costs. Income for 2003 includes a net gain of $12.9 million related to the
change in fair value of embedded derivatives.
Total revenues, which are comprised primarily of investment income,
decreased 3.6% from 2004 to 2005. This can be attributed to the change in fair
value of embedded derivatives which contributed $26.1 million to revenue in 2004
compared to $7.4 million in 2005. This is slightly offset by smaller realized
investment losses and higher investment income due to the growth in the asset
base in 2005. Total revenues in 2004 increased 15.0% over 2003. This increase in
2004 is primarily attributed to continued growth in the asset base for this
segment coupled with the $11.7 million increase in investment income due to the
aforementioned converted annuity treaty. The average invested asset balance was
$3.9 billion, $3.3 billion and $2.7 billion for 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively. Invested assets outstanding as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 were
$4.0 billion and $3.7 billion, of which $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion were funds
withheld at interest, respectively. Of the $2.4 billion total funds withheld
balance as of December 31, 2005, 86.9% of the balance is associated with one
client.
Total expenses, which are comprised primarily of interest credited, policy
benefits, and acquisition costs decreased 6.4% in 2005 primarily due to the
deferred acquisition costs associated with the change in fair value of embedded
derivatives which totaled $22.9 million in 2004 compared to $7.0 million in
2005. Expenses increased 21.2% from 2003 to 2004 mainly due to the policy
acquisition costs, which increased $13.7 million due to the conversion of the
funds withheld treaty previously discussed and interest credited, which
increased $26.9 million, or 22.5%, primarily due to the increase in the average
invested asset base.
Financial Reinsurance
The U.S. financial reinsurance sub-segment income consists primarily of net
fees earned on financial reinsurance transactions. Included in the results is
net income from RGA Financial Group L.L.C. ("RGA Financial Group"), a
wholly-owned subsidiary. The majority of the financial reinsurance transactions
assumed by the Company are retroceded to other insurance companies. The fees
earned from the assumption of the financial reinsurance contracts are reflected
in other revenues, and the fees paid to retrocessionaires are reflected in
policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. RGA Financial Group earns
fees from brokered business that is placed with third parties and does not
participate in the assumption of the financial reinsurance. This income is
reflected in other revenues.
Income before income taxes increased 17.5% and 1.8% in 2005 and 2004,
respectively. The increase in income for 2005 relates to several new financial
reinsurance transactions in 2005. Income in 2004 remained somewhat flat as the
growth in capital provided was mostly offset by reduced spreads earned on the
business.
At December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the amount of reinsurance assumed from
client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, was $1.9 billion,
$1.5 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. The pre-tax statutory surplus
includes all business assumed by the Company. Fees resulting from this business
can be affected by large transactions and the timing of completion of new
transactions and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
CANADA OPERATIONS
The Company conducts reinsurance business in Canada through RGA Life
Reinsurance Company of Canada ("RGA Canada"), a wholly-owned subsidiary. RGA
Canada assists clients with capital management activity and mortality risk
management, and is primarily engaged in traditional individual life reinsurance,
as well as group reinsurance and non-guaranteed critical illness products.
39
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $343,131 $253,852 $214,738
Investment income, net of related expenses 120,434 100,141 87,212
Investment related gains, net 4,941 11,508 13,423
Other revenues (losses) (279) 32 (212)
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues 468,227 365,533 315,161
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 307,959 250,542 223,375
Interest credited 1,105 1,840 1,488
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 56,011 28,505 20,293
Other operating expenses 15,174 11,161 10,441
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses 380,249 292,048 255,597
Income before income taxes $ 87,978 $ 73,485 $ 59,564
======== ======== ========
RGA Canada's reinsurance in force totaled approximately $127.4 billion and
$105.2 billion at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Income before income taxes increased 19.7% and 23.4% in 2005 and 2004,
respectively. The increase in 2005 was primarily the result of more favorable
mortality experience in the current year offset by a decrease in investment
related gains of $6.6 million. Additionally, the Canadian dollar strengthened
against the U.S. dollar during 2005 and contributed $6.0 million to income
before income taxes in 2005. The increase in 2004 was primarily the result of
more favorable mortality experience, offset by a decrease in realized investment
gains of $1.9 million. Additionally, the Canadian dollar strengthened against
the U.S. dollar during 2004 and contributed $4.4 million to income before income
taxes in 2004.
Net premiums increased 35.2% to $343.1 million in 2005, and increased
18.2%, to $253.9 million in 2004, primarily due to new business from new and
existing treaties. Approximately $29.4 million, or 11.6%, of the 2005 premium
increase represents the effect of two in force creditor treaties that were
executed in 2005. Additionally, a stronger Canadian dollar contributed $22.6
million, or 8.9%, and $17.6 million, or 8.2%, to net premiums reported in 2005
and in 2004, respectively. Premium levels are significantly influenced by large
transactions, mix of business and reporting practices of ceding companies, and
therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
Net investment income increased 20.3% and 14.8% during 2005 and 2004,
respectively. Investment performance varies with the composition of investments.
In 2005, the increase in investment income was mainly the result of a stronger
Canadian dollar during 2005 compared to 2004 which contributed $7.7 million, or
7.7%, an increase in the invested asset base due to operating cash flows on
traditional reinsurance and capital injections which contributed $6.3 million,
or 6.3%, and interest on an increasing amount of funds withheld at interest
related to one treaty which contributed $2.5 million, or 2.5%. In 2004, the
increase in investment income was mainly the result of a stronger Canadian
dollar during 2004 compared to 2003 which contributed $6.6 million, or 7.6%, an
increase in the invested asset base due to operating cash flows on traditional
reinsurance which contributed $2.9 million, or 3.3%, and interest on an
increasing amount of funds withheld at interest related to one treaty which
contributed $2.2 million, or 2.5%. Investment income also includes an allocation
to the segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed
appropriate to support business volumes. The amount of investment income
allocated to the Canadian operations was $6.5 million and $4.8 million in 2005
and 2004, respectively.
Loss ratios for this segment were 89.7% in 2005, 98.7% in 2004 and 104.0%
in 2003. Excluding creditor business, the loss ratios for this segment were
97.0% in 2005, 101.0% in 2004 and 105.6% in 2003. The lower loss ratio for the
current period is primarily due to better mortality experience compared to the
prior year. Historically, an increase in percentages is primarily the result of
several large permanent level premium in force blocks assumed in 1998 and 1997.
These blocks are mature blocks of permanent level premium business in which
mortality as a percentage of premiums is expected to be higher than the
historical ratios. The nature of level premium permanent policies requires the
Company to set up actuarial liabilities and invest the amounts received in
excess of early-year mortality costs to fund claims in the later years when
premiums, by design, continue to be level as compared to expected increasing
mortality or claim costs. Claims and other policy benefits, as a percentage of
net premiums and investment income, were 66.4% during 2005 compared to 70.8% in
2004 and 74.0% in
40
2003. Death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years, but
are less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to significant
fluctuation.
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of
net premiums totaled 16.3% in 2005, 11.2% in 2004 and 9.5% in 2003. Excluding
creditor business, policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a
percentage of net premiums totaled 11.3% in 2005, 10.2% in 2004 and 8.1% in
2003. Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of
net premiums vary from period to period primarily due to the mix of the business
in the segment.
Other operating expenses increased $4.0 million in 2005 and $0.7 million in
2004 compared to their respective prior-year periods. Other operating expenses
as a percentage of net premiums totaled 4.4% in 2005, compared to 4.4% and 4.9%
in 2004 and 2003, respectively.
EUROPE & SOUTH AFRICA OPERATIONS
The segment provides life reinsurance for a variety of products through
yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements, and reinsurance of accelerated
critical illness coverage (pays on the earlier of death or diagnosis of a
pre-defined critical illness). Reinsurance agreements may be either facultative
or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and in some markets,
group risks.
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $552,694 $478,580 $364,203
Investment income, net of related expenses 9,710 5,125 3,869
Investment related gains, net 427 5,080 3,999
Other revenues 302 1,541 1,067
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues 563,133 490,326 373,138
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 405,122 314,128 230,895
Interest credited 882 -- --
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 92,364 121,708 105,062
Other operating expenses 27,791 21,472 15,866
Interest expense 1,599 1,336 1,043
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses 527,758 458,644 352,866
Income before income taxes $ 35,375 $ 31,682 $ 20,272
======== ======== ========
Income before income taxes increased 11.7% and 56.3% in 2005 and 2004,
respectively. The increase in 2005 was primarily the result of additional
business volume and an increase in net premiums of $74.1 million. Additionally,
investment income increased $4.6 million and was offset by a decrease in
realized investment gains of $4.7 million and an increase in other operating
expenses of $6.3 million. The increase in 2004 was primarily due to additional
business volume and an increase in net premiums of $114.4 million partially
offset by an increase in other operating expenses of $5.6 million.
Europe & South Africa net premiums grew 15.5% during 2005 and 31.4% in
2004. The growth was primarily the result of new business from both existing
treaties and new treaties, combined with a small unfavorable effect from
currency exchange rates in 2005 of $2.3 million and a favorable effect from
currency exchange rates in 2004 of $49.1 million. In 2004, several foreign
currencies, particularly the British pound, the euro, and the South African rand
strengthened against the U.S. dollar. Also, a significant portion of the growth
of premiums was due to reinsurance of accelerated critical illness, primarily in
the UK. This coverage provides a benefit in the event of a death from or the
diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Premiums earned from this coverage
totaled $199.3 million, $177.4 million and $145.7 million in 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively. Premium levels are significantly influenced by large
transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and therefore can
fluctuate from period to period.
Investment income increased $4.6 million and $1.3 million in 2005 and 2004,
respectively. These increases were primarily due to growth in the 2005 and 2004
invested assets in the UK of $25.3 million and $10.7 million, respectively. The
growth was also due to growth in allocated investment income. Investment income
and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the various operating
segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate
to
41
support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the
composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the
operating segments.
Loss ratios were 73.3%, 65.6% and 63.4% for 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively. Death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many
years, but are less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to
significant fluctuation. Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses
as a percentage of net premiums represented 16.7%, 25.4% and 28.8% for 2005,
2004 and 2003, respectively. These percentages fluctuate due to timing of client
company reporting, variations in the mixture of business being reinsured and the
relative maturity of the business. In addition, as the segment grows, renewal
premiums which have lower allowances than first year premiums, represent a
greater percentage of the total premiums. Accordingly, the change in the mixture
of business during 2005 and 2004 caused the loss ratios to increase and caused
the policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net
premiums to decrease.
Policy acquisition costs are capitalized and charged to expense in
proportion to premium revenue recognized. Acquisition costs, as a percentage of
premiums, associated with some treaties in the United Kingdom are typically
higher than those experienced in the Company's other segments. Future
recoverability of the capitalized policy acquisition costs on this business is
primarily sensitive to mortality and morbidity experience. If actual experience
suggests higher mortality and morbidity rates going forward than currently
contemplated in management's estimates, the Company may record a charge to
income, due to a reduction in the DAC asset and, to the extent there are no
unamortized acquisition costs, an increase in future policy benefits. As of
December 31, 2005, the Company estimates that a 12 percent increase in
anticipated mortality and morbidity experience would have no effect while a 15
percent or 18 percent increase would result in pre-tax income statement charges
of approximately $12.3 million and $83.7 million, respectively.
Other operating expenses increased 29.4% during 2005 and 35.3% during 2004.
Increases in other operating expenses were due to higher costs associated with
maintaining and supporting the significant increase in business over the past
two years. As a percentage of premiums, other operating expenses were 5.0%, 4.5%
and 4.4% in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The Company believes that
sustained growth in premiums should lessen the burden of start-up expenses and
expansion costs over time.
ASIA PACIFIC OPERATIONS
The Asia Pacific segment has operations in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan,
Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, South Korea, China and Taiwan. The principal
types of reinsurance for this segment include life, critical care and illness,
disability income, superannuation, and financial reinsurance. Superannuation is
the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program.
Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and in addition,
offer life and disability insurance coverage. Reinsurance agreements may be
either facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks
and in some markets, group risks. The Company operates multiple offices
throughout each region in an effort to best meet the needs of the local client
companies.
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $534,926 $399,122 $259,010
Investment income, net of related expenses 29,427 16,113 10,692
Investment related gains (losses), net (294) 670 (761)
Other revenues 4,593 5,121 1,191
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues 568,652 421,026 270,132
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 420,024 330,144 185,358
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 79,146 52,300 47,513
Other operating expenses 27,437 24,363 16,903
Interest expense 1,679 1,614 1,096
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses 528,286 408,421 250,870
Income before income taxes $ 40,366 $ 12,605 $ 19,262
======== ======== ========
42
Income before income taxes increased 220.2% during 2005 and decreased 34.6%
during 2004. The increase in income before taxes for 2005 was primarily the
result of the Australian operations. Strong growth in Australian business
contributed to an increase in investment income of $6.1 million from 2004 to
2005. Favorable mortality along with an overall reduction of reserves for
disabled life reserves contributed to an increase in income before income taxes
of approximately $25.1 million in Australia. The decrease in income before
income taxes for 2004 was primarily the result of increases in the volume of
claims and other policy benefits in relation to net premiums. Operations in
which increases in claim activity were most evident were Australia and New
Zealand. Additionally, various adjustments related to enhancements of the
business administration process in the Australia and New Zealand operations
reduced income before income taxes by approximately $2.0 million in 2004. The
enhancements were a reaction to the increasing levels of business within those
operations and to improve the reliability of the administration functions.
Net premiums grew 34.0% during 2005 and 54.1% during 2004. The growth in
2005 was primarily the result of organic growth in certain markets, along with
favorable exchange rates in multiple countries. In terms of growth of premium
dollars during 2005, the Australia and Korea markets were the primary
contributors, adding approximately $40.7 million and $46.3 million,
respectively, in premium volume compared to 2004. Growth in Australia for both
2005 and 2004 was driven primarily by continued success in the group market.
Given the maturing nature of the Australian market, and increased competition
for group business, it is unlikely that future growth rates will continue at the
levels of 2003, 2004 and 2005 in this market, but some level of additional
growth is anticipated. In Korea, 2005 premium growth was driven by the growth of
$42.2 million for four primary clients. Premium levels are significantly
influenced by large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and
therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
During 2004, growth in premium volume was driven by the Australia, Japan
and South Korea markets which added approximately $88.2 million, $21.9 million
and $27.9 million, respectively, in premium volume compared to 2003. Growth in
Australia was driven primarily by continued success in the group market, as
previously noted. Premium growth in the Japan market during 2004 was driven
primarily by growth in a single client relationship. Of the $21.9 million in
additional premium volume in Japan compared to 2003, approximately $13.0 million
of the growth came from this client. In Korea, 2004 premium growth was driven by
a $12.3 million increase in premium volume from one existing client
relationship, along with approximately $10.0 million of premium from two new
clients.
Several foreign currencies, particularly the Korean won and the Australian
dollar, continued to strengthen against the U.S. dollar in 2005. The overall
effect of the strengthening of local Asia Pacific segment currencies was an
increase in 2005 premiums of $20.4 over 2004, and $32.0 million for 2004 over
2003.
A portion of the growth of premiums for the segment in each year presented
is due to reinsurance of critical illness, as a stand alone benefit or as an
accelerated benefit on a life insurance policy. This coverage provides a benefit
in the event of a death from or the diagnosis of a defined critical illness.
Reinsurance of critical illness in the Asia Pacific operations is offered
primarily in Australia and Korea. Premiums earned from this coverage totaled
$60.1 million, $39.1 million and $31.2 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively.
Net investment income increased $13.3 million in 2005, as compared to an
increase of $5.4 million in 2004. The increase in both years was primarily due
to growth in the invested assets in Australia and favorable exchange rates,
along with an increase in allocated investment income. Investment income and
realized investment gains and losses are allocated to the various operating
segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate
to support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the
composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the
operating segments.
Other revenue during 2005 primarily represented profit and fees associated
with financial reinsurance in Japan of approximately $3.7 million. Other revenue
during 2004 primarily represented profit and fees associated with financial
reinsurance in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea of approximately $2.1 million, and
fees associated with the recapture provisions for two client treaties of
approximately $0.9 million. In 2003, other revenue primarily represented profit
and fees associated with financial reinsurance in Taiwan and South Korea.
Loss ratios as a percentage of net premiums were 78.5%, 82.7% and 71.6% for
2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. This percentage will fluctuate due to timing
of client company reporting, variations in the mixture of business being
reinsured and the relative maturity of the business. Death claims are reasonably
predictable over a period of many years, but are less predictable over shorter
periods and are subject to significant fluctuation. While loss ratios were
relatively stable between 2004 and 2005, the overall segment loss ratio
increased 11.1% from 2003 to 2004. The increase in this percentage from 2003 to
2004 was attributable primarily to loss experience in Australia and New Zealand.
Australia's loss ratio increased from
43
65.8% in 2003 to 87.7% in 2004, primarily due to recording of additional
reserves on disability income business of approximately $22.8 million, and a
reserve of approximately $2.7 million related to the tsunami in December 2004.
New Zealand's loss experience is primarily due to the unfavorable performance of
four significant treaties. These four treaties combined reflect an increase of
approximately $17.7 million in claims and other policy benefits over 2003.
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of
net premiums increased by 1.7% to 14.8% during 2005 and decreased by 5.2% to
13.1% during 2004. The ratio of policy acquisition costs and other insurance
expenses as a percentage of net premiums will fluctuate periodically due to
timing of client company reporting and variations in the mixture of business
being reinsured. During 2005, the percentage of policy acquisition costs and
other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums was consistent with
2004 results. During 2004, the percentage declined, in part, due to the addition
of a significant block of yearly renewable term business with no allowance
included within the treaty terms. Policy acquisition costs are capitalized and
charged to expense in proportion to premium revenue recognized.
Other operating expenses decreased to 5.1% of net premiums in 2005, from
6.1% in 2004 and 6.5% in 2003. The Company believes that sustained growth in
premiums should lessen the burden of start-up expenses and expansion costs over
time. The timing of the entrance into and development of new markets in the
growing Asia Pacific segment may cause other operating expenses as a percentage
of premiums to be somewhat volatile over periods of time.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other revenues include investment income from invested assets
not allocated to support segment operations and undeployed proceeds from the
Company's capital raising efforts, in addition to unallocated realized capital
gains or losses. General corporate expenses consist of unallocated overhead and
executive costs and interest expense related to debt and the $225.0 million of
5.75% mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities. Additionally, the
Corporate and Other operations segment includes results from RGA Technology
Partners, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology
solutions for the insurance industry, the Company's Argentine privatized pension
business, which is currently in run-off, and an insignificant amount of direct
insurance operations in Argentina.
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $ 1,813 $ 3,244 $ 3,419
Investment income, net of related expenses 13,459 23,034 17,677
Investment related gains (losses), net 11,745 9,673 (3,912)
Other revenues 13,710 7,361 7,508
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues 40,727 43,312 24,692
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 41,385 15,518 7,941
Interest credited 465 321 276
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 4,044 1,746 (902)
Other operating expenses 33,217 28,743 26,303
Interest expense 38,150 35,487 34,650
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses 117,261 81,815 68,268
Loss before income taxes $(76,534) $(38,503) $(43,576)
======== ======== ========
Loss before income taxes increased $38.0 million, or 98.8% during 2005
compared to 2004, primarily due to an increase in claims and other policy
benefits of $25.9 million and a reduction in investment income of $9.6 million.
The increase in claims and other policy benefits is due to an increase in the
policy liabilities associated with the commutation of treaties covering the
reinsurance of Argentine pension accounts. The decrease in investment income was
the result of an allocation to other segments based upon average assets and
related capital levels deemed appropriate to support their business volumes.
44
Loss before income taxes decreased $5.1 million, or 11.6%, during 2004
compared to 2003, primarily due to an increase in unallocated investment related
gains and investment income of $13.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively.
These increases in revenues were partially offset by an increase in Argentine
pension account reserves of $10.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2004 and
a $2.4 million increase in unallocated general corporate expenses.
Status of Argentine Privatized Pension Business
Administradoras de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones ("AFJPs") are
privately owned pension fund managers that were formed as a result of reform and
privatization of Argentina's social security system. Privatized pension
reinsurance covers the life insurance as well as the total and permanent
disability components of the pension program. The claims under that program are
initially established as units of the underlying pension fund ("AFJP fund
units") at the time they are filed. Because AFJP claims payments are linked to
the AFJP fund units, the ultimate amounts of claims paid by the reinsurer under
the program should vary with the underlying performance of the related pension
fund over the period in which the claims were adjudicated. In addition, the
reinsurer is subject to the mortality and morbidity risks associated with the
underlying plan participants. The Company ceased renewal of reinsurance treaties
associated with privatized pension contracts in Argentina during 2001 because of
adverse experience with respect to this business, as several aspects of the
pension fund claims flow did not develop as was contemplated when the
reinsurance programs were initially priced.
Since 2001, the Company has attempted to negotiate settlements of its
obligations and has pursued other courses of action, including withholding
payment of claims and filing a request for arbitration. The Company's actions
have resulted in one AFJP ceding company demanding arbitration and could result
in litigation or arbitrations in the future. However, as of January 2006, the
Company had commuted about 95% of its obligations associated with the AFJP
business and is in discussions with the remaining clients regarding settlement
of all obligations under the remaining treaties. Therefore, the risk of
litigation or arbitrations in the future has significantly declined. During
2005, the Company reported in excess of $33.0 million in additional liabilities
to satisfy its obligations as a result of the negotiated settlements and
expected settlements for the remaining treaties. While it is not feasible to
predict or determine the ultimate outcome of litigation or arbitrations that may
occur in Argentina in the future, it is the opinion of management, after
consultation with counsel, that their outcomes, after consideration of the
provisions made in the Company's consolidated financial statements, would not
have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position. However,
it is possible that an adverse outcome could, from time to time, have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated net income or cash flows in
particular quarterly or annual periods.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Since December 31, 1998, the Company has formally reported its accident and
health division as a discontinued operation. The accident and health business
was placed into run-off, and all treaties were terminated at the earliest
possible date. Notice was given to all cedants and retrocessionaires that all
treaties were being cancelled at the expiration of their terms. The nature of
the underlying risks is such that the claims may take several years to reach the
reinsurers involved. Thus, the Company expects to pay claims over a number of
years as the level of business diminishes. The Company will report a loss to the
extent claims exceed established reserves.
At the time it was accepting accident and health risks, the Company
directly underwrote certain business provided by brokers using its own staff of
underwriters. Additionally, it participated in pools of risks underwritten by
outside managing general underwriters, and offered high level common account and
catastrophic protection coverages to other reinsurers and retrocessionaires.
Types of risks covered included a variety of medical, disability, workers'
compensation carve-out, personal accident, and similar coverages.
The reinsurance markets for several accident and health risks, most notably
involving workers' compensation carve-out and personal accident business, have
been quite volatile over the past several years. Certain programs are alleged to
have been inappropriately underwritten by third party managers, and some of the
reinsurers and retrocessionaires involved have alleged material
misrepresentation and non-disclosures by the underwriting managers. In
particular, over the past several years a number of disputes have arisen in the
accident and health reinsurance markets with respect to London market personal
accident excess of loss ("LMX") reinsurance programs that involved alleged
"manufactured" claims spirals designed to transfer claims losses to higher-level
reinsurance layers. The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that
involve some of these LMX reinsurance programs. Additionally, while the Company
did not underwrite workers' compensation carve-out business directly, it did
offer certain indirect high-level common account coverages to other reinsurers
and retrocessionaires, which could result in exposure to workers' compensation
carve-out risks. The Company and other
45
reinsurers and retrocessionaires involved have raised substantial defenses upon
which to contest claims arising from these coverages, including defenses based
upon the failure of the ceding company to disclose the existence of manufactured
claims spirals, inappropriate or unauthorized underwriting procedures and other
defenses. As a result, there have been a significant number of claims for
rescission, arbitration, and litigation among a number of the parties involved
in these various coverages. This has had the effect of significantly slowing the
reporting of claims between parties, as the various outcomes of a series of
arbitrations and similar actions affect the extent to which higher level
reinsurers and retrocessionaires may ultimately have exposure to claims.
The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that involve
personal accident business as mentioned above. As of January 31, 2006, the
companies involved in these litigation actions have raised claims, or
established reserves that may result in claims, that are $23.5 million in excess
of the amounts held in reserve by the Company. The Company generally has little
information regarding any reserves established by ceding companies, and must
rely on management estimates to establish policy claim liabilities. It is
possible that any such reserves could be increased in the future. The Company
believes it has substantial defenses upon which to contest these claims,
including but not limited to misrepresentation and breach of contract by direct
and indirect ceding companies. While it is not feasible to predict or determine
the ultimate outcome of the pending arbitrations or provide reasonable ranges of
potential losses, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with
counsel, that their outcomes, after consideration of the provisions made in the
Company's consolidated financial statements, would not have a material adverse
effect on its consolidated financial position. However, it is possible that an
adverse outcome could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the
Company's consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
The loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income
taxes, decreased to $11.4 million in 2005 from $23.0 million in 2004. The
decrease in loss in 2005 is due primarily to a $24.0 million, pretax, negotiated
settlement of all disputed claims associated with the Company's largest
identified accident and health exposure during 2004.
The calculation of the claim reserve liability for the entire portfolio of
accident and health business requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported claim reserve levels. Management must make
estimates and assumptions based on historical loss experience, changes in the
nature of the business, anticipated outcomes of claim disputes and claims for
rescission, anticipated outcomes of arbitrations, and projected future premium
run-off, all of which may affect the level of the claim reserve liability. Due
to the significant uncertainty associated with the run-off of this business, net
income in future periods could be affected positively or negatively. The
consolidated statements of income for all periods presented reflect this line of
business as a discontinued operation. Revenues associated with discontinued
operations, which are not reported on a gross basis in the Company's
consolidated statements of income, totaled $2.5 million, $1.4 million and $4.8
million for 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS
DAC related to interest-sensitive life and investment-type contracts are
amortized over the lives of the contracts, in relation to the present value of
estimated gross profits ("EGP") from mortality, investment income, and expense
margins. The EGP for asset-intensive products include the following components:
(1) estimates of fees charged to policyholders to cover mortality, surrenders
and maintenance costs; (2) expected interest rate spreads between income earned
and amounts credited to policyholder accounts; and (3) estimated costs of
administration. EGP is also reduced by the Company's estimate of future losses
due to defaults in fixed maturity securities. DAC is sensitive to changes in
assumptions regarding these EGP components, and any change in such an assumption
could have an effect on the Company's profitability.
The Company periodically reviews the EGP valuation model and assumptions so
that the assumptions reflect a view of the future believed to be reasonable. Two
assumptions are considered to be most significant: (1) estimated interest
spread, and (2) estimated future policy lapses. The following table reflects the
possible change that would occur in a given year if assumptions, as a percentage
of current deferred policy acquisition costs related to asset-intensive products
($431.5 million as of December 31, 2005), are changed as illustrated:
QUANTITATIVE CHANGE IN SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS: ONE-TIME INCREASE IN DAC ONE-TIME DECREASE IN DAC
----------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
Estimated interest spread increasing (decreasing) 25 basis
points from the current spread 1.78% (2.03%)
Estimated policy lapse rates decreasing (increasing) 20% on a
permanent basis (including surrender charges) 0.80% (0.59%)
46
In general, a change in assumption that improves the Company's expectations
regarding EGP is going to have the effect of deferring the amortization of DAC
into the future, thus increasing earnings and the current DAC balance.
Conversely, a change in assumption that decreases EGP will have the effect of
speeding up the amortization of DAC, thus reducing earnings and lowering the DAC
balance. The Company also adjusts DAC to reflect changes in the unrealized gains
and losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities since this affects
EGP. This adjustment to DAC is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive
income.
The DAC associated with the Company's non-asset-intensive business is less
sensitive to changes in estimates for investment yields, mortality and lapses.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60,
"Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises," the estimates include
provisions for the risk of adverse deviation and are not adjusted unless
experience significantly deteriorates to the point where a premium deficiency
exists.
The following table displays DAC balances for asset-intensive business and
non-asset-intensive business by segment as of December 31, 2005:
ASSET-INTENSIVE DAC NON-ASSET-INTENSIVE DAC TOTAL DAC
------------------- ----------------------- ----------
(in thousands)
U.S. $431,524 $1,009,604 $1,441,128
Canada -- 210,327 210,327
Asia Pacific -- 570,500 570,500
Europe & South Africa -- 243,675 243,675
Corporate and Other -- -- --
-------- ---------- ----------
Total $431,524 $2,034,106 $2,465,630
======== ========== ==========
As of December 31, 2005, the Company estimates that approximately 51.0% of
its DAC balance is collateralized by surrender fees due to the Company and the
reduction of policy liabilities, in excess of termination values, upon surrender
or lapse of a policy.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
THE HOLDING COMPANY
RGA is an insurance holding company whose primary uses of liquidity
include, but are not limited to, the immediate capital needs of its operating
companies associated with the Company's primary businesses, dividends paid to
its shareholders, interest payments on its indebtedness (See Note 15, "Debt and
Trust Preferred Securities" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements),
and repurchases of RGA common stock under a board of director approved plan. The
primary sources of RGA's liquidity include proceeds from its capital raising
efforts, interest income on undeployed corporate investments, interest income
received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance and RCM, and dividends from
operating subsidiaries. As the Company continues its expansion efforts, RGA will
continue to be dependent upon these sources of liquidity.
The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to fund its cash
needs under various scenarios that include the potential risk of the early
recapture of a reinsurance treaty by the ceding company and significantly higher
than expected death claims. Historically, the Company has generated positive net
cash flows from operations. However, in the event of significant unanticipated
cash requirements beyond normal liquidity, the Company has multiple liquidity
alternatives available based on market conditions and the amount and timing of
the liquidity need. These options include borrowings under committed credit
facilities, secured borrowings, the ability to issue long-term debt, preferred
securities or common equity and, if necessary, the sale of invested assets
subject to market conditions.
During the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company issued 12,075,000 shares of
its common stock at $36.65 per share, raising proceeds of approximately $426.7
million, net of expenses. The Company has used the proceeds for general
corporate purposes, including funding its reinsurance operations. MetLife, Inc.
and its affiliates purchased 3,000,000 shares of common stock in the offering
with a total purchase price of approximately $110.0 million.
RGA has repurchased shares in the open market in the past primarily to
satisfy obligations under its stock option program. In 2001, the Board of
Directors approved a repurchase program authorizing RGA to purchase up to $50
million of its shares of stock, as conditions warrant. During 2002, RGA
purchased approximately 0.2 million shares of treasury stock under the program
at an aggregate cost of $6.6 million. In December 2005, the board of directors
authorized RGA to enter
47
into an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") agreement with a financial
counterparty under which RGA purchased 1,600,000 shares of its outstanding
common stock at an aggregate price of approximately $75.9 million. The common
shares repurchased have been placed into treasury to be used for general
corporate purposes. (See Note 3, "Stock Transactions," of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the ASR).
STATUTORY DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS
RCM and RGA Reinsurance are subject to statutory provisions that restrict
the payment of dividends. They may not pay dividends in any 12-month period in
excess of the greater of the prior year's statutory operating income or 10% of
capital and surplus at the preceding year-end, without regulatory approval. The
applicable statutory provisions only permit an insurer to pay a shareholder
dividend from unassigned surplus. Any dividends paid by RGA Reinsurance would be
paid to RCM, its parent company, which in turn has restrictions related to its
ability to pay dividends to RGA. The assets of RCM consist primarily of its
investment in RGA Reinsurance. As of January 1, 2006, RCM and RGA Reinsurance
could pay maximum dividends, without prior approval, of approximately $41.4
million and $97.5 million, respectively. Dividend payments from other
subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the jurisdiction of domicile.
The dividend limitations for RCM and RGA Reinsurance are based on statutory
financial results. Statutory accounting practices differ in certain respects
from accounting principles used in financial statements prepared in conformity
with GAAP. The significant differences relate to deferred acquisition costs,
deferred income taxes, required investment reserves, reserve calculation
assumptions, and surplus notes.
VALUATION OF LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES MODEL REGULATION (REGULATION XXX)
The Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation, commonly
referred to as Regulation XXX, was implemented in the U.S. for various types of
life insurance business beginning January 1, 2000. Regulation XXX significantly
increased the level of reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance
companies must hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of
life insurance business, primarily certain level term life products. The reserve
levels required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in
excess of reserves required under GAAP. In situations where primary insurers
have reinsured business to reinsurers that are unlicensed and unaccredited in
the U.S., the reinsurer must provide collateral equal to its reinsurance
reserves in order for the ceding company to receive statutory financial
statement credit. Reinsurers have historically utilized letters of credit for
the benefit of the ceding company, or have placed assets in trust for the
benefit of the ceding company as the primary forms of collateral. The increasing
nature of the statutory reserves under Regulation XXX will likely require
increased levels of collateral from reinsurers in the future to the extent the
reinsurer remains unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S.
In order to reduce the effect of Regulation XXX, RGA Reinsurance has
retroceded Regulation XXX reserves to unaffiliated and affiliated unlicensed
reinsurers. RGA Reinsurance's statutory capital may be significantly reduced if
the unaffiliated or affiliated reinsurer is unable to provide the required
collateral to support RGA Reinsurance's statutory reserve credits and RGA
Reinsurance cannot find an alternative source for collateral.
SHAREHOLDER DIVIDENDS
Historically, RGA has paid quarterly dividends ranging from $0.027 per
share in 1993 to $0.09 per share in 2005. All future payments of dividends are
at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on the
Company's earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions,
operating conditions, and such other factors as the Board of Directors may deem
relevant. The amount of dividends that the Company can pay will depend in part
on the operations of its reinsurance subsidiaries.
DEBT AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
Certain of the Company's debt agreements contain financial covenant
restrictions related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of
stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of net worth, maximum
ratios of debt to capitalization, change in control provisions, and minimum
rating requirements. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate
payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements.
Additionally, the Company's debt agreements contain cross-default covenants,
which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a
material covenant default under any of the agreements which remains uncured,
including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for amounts
greater than $10.0 million or $25.0 million depending on the agreement,
bankruptcy proceedings, and any event which results in the acceleration of the
maturity of indebtedness. The facility fee and interest rate for the Company's
credit facilities is based on its senior long-term debt ratings. A decrease in
those ratings could result in an increase in costs for the credit facilities. As
of December 31, 2005, the Company had $800.0 million in outstanding borrowings
under its short- and long-term debt agreements and was in compliance with all
covenants
48
under those agreements. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and
interest payments depends primarily on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries,
investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, and the Company's ability to
raise additional funds.
In December 2005, RGA issued Junior Subordinated Debentures with a face
amount of $400 million. Interest is payable semi-annually and is fixed at 6.75%
per year until December 15, 2015. From December 15, 2015 until December 15,
2065, interest on the debentures will accrue at an annual rate of 3-month LIBOR
plus a margin equal to 266.5 basis points, payable quarterly. The Company has
the option to defer interest payments, subject to certain limitations. In
addition, interest payments are mandatorily deferred if the Company does not
meet specified capital adequacy, net income and shareholders' equity levels.
Upon an optional or mandatory deferral, the Company is not permitted to pay
common-stock dividends or make payments of interest or principal on securities
which rank equal or junior to the subordinated debentures, until the accrued and
unpaid interest on the subordinated debentures is paid. The subordinated
debentures are redeemable at the Company's option. Approximately $75.9 million
of the net proceeds were used to purchase the Company's common stock under an
ASR agreement with a financial counterparty. RGA intends to use a portion of the
net proceeds from the sale of these debentures to repay approximately $100.0
million of its 7.25% senior notes when they mature on April 1, 2006. As of
December 31, 2005, the average interest rate on long-term and short-term debt
outstanding, excluding the Preferred Income Redeemable Securities Units, was
6.62% compared to 6.10% at the end of 2004.
The Company maintains three credit facilities. The Company's credit
facility that expires in September 2010, is a syndicated credit facility with an
overall capacity of $600.0 million. The overall capacity available for issuance
of letters of credit is reduced by any cash borrowings made by the Company
against this credit facility. The Company may borrow up to $300.0 million of
cash under the facility. As of December 31, 2005 the Company's outstanding cash
balance was $50.0 million under this credit facility, with an average interest
rate of 4.75%. The Company's other credit facilities consist of a L15.0 million
credit facility that expires in May 2007 and an AUD$35.0 million credit facility
that expires in February 2006, which is expected to be renewed. The Company's
foreign credit facilities had a combined balance of $51.5 million as of December
31, 2005.
Based on the historic cash flows and the current financial results of the
Company, subject to any dividend limitations which may be imposed by various
insurance regulations, management believes RGA's cash flows from operating
activities, together with undeployed proceeds from its capital raising efforts,
including interest and investment income on those proceeds, interest income
received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance and RCM, and its ability to raise
funds in the capital markets, will be sufficient to enable RGA to make dividend
payments to its shareholders, make interest payments on its senior indebtedness,
trust preferred securities and junior subordinated notes, repurchase RGA common
stock under the board of director approved plan, and meet its other obligations.
A general economic downturn or a downturn in the equity and other capital
markets could adversely affect the market for many annuity and life insurance
products and RGA's ability to raise new capital. Because the Company obtains
substantially all of its revenues through reinsurance arrangements that cover a
portfolio of life insurance products, as well as annuities, its business would
be harmed if the market for annuities or life insurance was adversely affected.
REINSURANCE OPERATIONS
Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, may provide for
recapture rights on the part of the ceding company. Recapture rights permit the
ceding company to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to the
reinsurer after an agreed-upon period of time, generally 10 years, or in some
cases due to changes in the financial condition or ratings of the reinsurer.
Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to
the recapture of such business, but would reduce premiums in subsequent periods.
ASSETS IN TRUST
Some treaties give ceding companies the right to request that the Company
place assets in trust for the benefit of the cedant to support reserve credits
in the event of a downgrade of the Company's ratings to specified levels. As of
December 31, 2005, these treaties had approximately $388.0 million in reserves.
Assets placed in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but their use is
restricted based on the terms of the trust agreement. Securities with an
amortized cost of $769.2 million were held in trust for the benefit of certain
subsidiaries of the Company to satisfy collateral requirements for reinsurance
business at December 31, 2005. Additionally, securities with an amortized cost
of $1,454.3 million as of December 31, 2005 were held in trust to satisfy
collateral requirements under certain third-party reinsurance treaties. Under
certain conditions, RGA may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA
subsidiary company to another RGA
49
subsidiary or make payments under the treaty. These conditions include change in
control of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty, or loss of
reinsurance license of such subsidiary. If RGA was ever required to perform
under these obligations, the risk to the consolidated company under the
reinsurance treaties would not change; however, additional capital may be
required due to the change in jurisdiction of the subsidiary reinsuring the
business and may create a strain on liquidity.
GUARANTEES
RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries'
performance for the payment of amounts due under certain credit facilities,
reinsurance treaties and an office lease obligation, whereby if a subsidiary
fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a
payment to fulfill the obligation. In limited circumstances, treaty guarantees
are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security,
particularly in cases where RGA's subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not
of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by
the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts
due from the guaranteed party, totaled $256.2 million and $285.4 million as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and are reflected on the Company's
consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed
amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and
underwriting results. Guarantees related to trust preferred securities and
credit facilities provide additional security to third parties should a
subsidiary fail to make principal and/or interest payments when due. As of
December 31, 2005, RGA's exposure related to these guarantees was $184.2
million. RGA has issued a guarantee on behalf of a subsidiary in the event the
subsidiary fails to make payment under its office lease obligation, the exposure
of which was insignificant as of December 31, 2005.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided
in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to
limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this
indemnity in the future.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company has commitments to fund investments in mortgage loans and
limited partnerships in the amount of $25.7 million and $31.1 million,
respectively, at December 31, 2005. The Company anticipates that the majority of
these amounts will be invested over the next five years, however, contractually
these commitments could become due at the request of the counterparties.
Investments in mortgage loans and limited partnerships are carried at cost and
included in total investments in the consolidated balance sheets.
In December 2005, the Company entered into an ASR agreement with a
financial counterparty. Under the ASR agreement, the Company purchased 1,600,000
shares of its outstanding common stock at an initial price of $47.43 per share
and an aggregate price of approximately $75.9 million. In order to deliver the
shares to RGA on December 12, 2005, the counterparty borrowed RGA shares from
the stock loan market. Under the ASR agreement, the counterparty purchases an
equivalent number of shares of common stock in the open market from time to time
in order to pay back the shares it borrowed. At the end of this period, the
Company may receive, or may be required to remit, a purchase price adjustment
based upon the volume weighted average price of its common shares during the
period. The counterparty completed its purchases on February 22, 2006 and as a
result, the Company was required to pay $130 thousand to the counterparty for
the final settlement.
In order to reduce the level of statutory reserves, primarily in the U.S.
and Canada, which may be significantly in excess of reserves required under
GAAP, the Company has entered into various reinsurance agreements with
affiliates and third parties. In order for the Company to receive statutory
reserve credit, the affiliate or third party must provide collateral for the
benefit of the Company, usually in the form of assets in trust or letters of
credit.
The Company has not engaged in trading activities involving non-exchange
traded contracts reported at fair value, nor has it engaged in relationships or
transactions with persons or entities that derive benefits from their
non-independent relationship with RGA.
CASH FLOWS
The Company's principal cash inflows from its reinsurance operations are
premiums and deposit funds received from ceding companies. The primary liquidity
concern with respect to these cash flows is early recapture of the reinsurance
contract by the ceding company. The Company's principal cash inflows from its
investing activities result from investment income, maturity and sales of
invested assets, and repayments of principal. The primary liquidity concern with
respect to these cash inflows relates to the risk of default by debtors and
interest rate volatility. The Company manages these risks very closely. See --
Investments and --Interest Rate Risk below.
50
Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows in excess
of operating cash inflows include selling short-term investments or fixed
maturity securities and drawing additional funds under existing credit
facilities, under which the Company had availability of $230.0 million as of
December 31, 2005.
The Company's principal cash outflows primarily relate to the payment of
claims liabilities, interest credited, operating expenses, income taxes, and
principal and interest under debt obligations. The Company seeks to limit its
exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid
by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess
coverage and coinsurance contracts (See Note 2, "Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The
Company also retrocedes most of its financial reinsurance business to other
insurance companies to alleviate regulatory capital requirements created by this
business. The Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires
to evaluate financial stability and performance. The Company has never
experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor
has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from
retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future
performance of such retrocessionaires or as to the recoverability of any such
claims. The Company's management believes its current sources of liquidity are
adequate to meet its cash requirements for the next 12 months.
The Company's net cash flows provided by operating activities for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, were $599.4 million, $710.8 million and
$574.6 million, respectively. Cash flows from operating activities are affected
by the timing of premiums received, claims paid and working capital changes.
Operating cash decreased $111.5 million during 2005 due to higher operating cash
outlays of $613.3 million largely offset by increased cash from premiums and
investment income of $438.2 million and $63.6 million, respectively. During
2004, operating cash increased $136.2 million as cash from premiums and
investment income increased $921.5 million and $116.8 million, respectively, and
was largely offset by higher operating net cash outlays of $902.1 million. The
Company believes the short-term cash requirements of its business operations
will be sufficiently met by the positive cash flows generated. Additionally, the
Company believes it maintains a high-quality fixed maturity portfolio with
positive liquidity characteristics. These securities are available for sale and
could be sold if necessary to meet the Company's short- and long-term
obligations, subject to market conditions.
Net cash used in investing activities was $893.1 million, $768.0 million
and $1,288.3 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Changes in cash used
in investing activities primarily relate to the management of the Company's
investment portfolios and the investment of excess cash generated by operating
and financing activities. Net cash invested in 2005 includes the investment of
approximately $318.8 million of proceeds from the Company's subordinated
debenture offering in December 2005. Net cash used in investing activities was
relatively high in 2003 as a result of the investment of approximately $426.7
million related to the Company's stock offering.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $274.3 million, $120.9
million and $704.1 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Changes in cash
provided by financing activities primarily relate to the issuance of equity or
debt securities, borrowings or payments under the Company's existing credit
agreements, treasury stock activity and excess deposits under investment-type
contracts.
51
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table displays the Company's contractual obligations, other
than certain obligations arising from its reinsurance business (in millions):
Payment Due by Period
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Contractual Obligations: Total Less than 1 Year 1 - 3 Years 4 - 5 Years After 5 Years
------------------------ -------- ---------------- ----------- ----------- -------------
Short - term debt, including interest $ 129.4 $ 129.4 $ -- $ -- $ --
Long - term debt, including interest 2,389.1 44.7 112.1 135.2 2,097.1
Fixed Rate Trust Pref Sec., including interest(1) 810.4 12.9 25.9 25.9 745.7
Life claims payable(2) 805.9 805.9 -- -- --
Operating leases 37.1 6.9 10.3 7.2 12.7
Limited partnerships 31.1 31.1 -- -- --
Structured investment contracts 22.7 2.5 11.4 8.8 --
Mortgage purchase commitments 25.7 25.7 -- -- --
-------- -------- ------ ------ --------
Total $4,251.4 $1,059.1 $159.7 $177.1 $2,855.5
======== ======== ====== ====== ========
(1) Assumes that all securities will be held until the stated maturity date of
March 18, 2051. For additional information on these securities, see
"Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of
Subsidiary Trust Holding Solely Junior Subordinated Debentures of the
Company" in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Summary of
Significant Accounting Policies."
(2) Included in the "Other policy claims and benefits" line item in the
consolidated balance sheet.
See Note 9 - "Income Tax" and Note 10 - "Employee Benefit Plans" in Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company's
obligations for taxes and funding requirements for retirement and other
post-employment benefits.
Life claims payable include benefit and claim liabilities for which the
Company believes the amount and timing of the payment is essentially fixed and
determinable. Such amounts generally relate to incurred and reported death and
critical illness claims. As of December 31, 2005, liabilities for future policy
benefits of approximately $4,693.5 million related primarily to reinsurance of
traditional life insurance and related policies and approximately $5,503.5
million of interest sensitive contract liabilities, primarily deferred
annuities, have been excluded from this table. Amounts excluded from the table
are generally comprised of policies or contracts where (i) the Company is not
currently making payments and will not make payments in the future until the
occurrence of an insurable event, such as death or disability or (ii) the
occurrence of a payment triggering event, such as a surrender of a policy or
contract, is outside of the control of the Company. The timing of payment on
these liabilities is not reasonably fixed and determinable since the insurable
event or payment triggering event has not yet occurred, and the Company has no
control over the timing of such occurrence. In addition to timing of payments,
significant uncertainties relating to these liabilities include mortality,
morbidity and persistency. On a consolidated basis, the Company has historically
generated positive cash flows from operations; however, it must factor these
uncertainties regarding its insurance obligations into its asset/liability
management program. See "Asset / Liability Management" for additional
discussion.
LETTERS OF CREDIT
The Company has obtained letters of credit, issued by banks, in favor of
various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company
assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance
under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory
reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant
restrictions similar to those described in the Debt and Trust Preferred
Securities discussion above. At December 31, 2005, there were approximately
$17.4 million of outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties.
Additionally, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure statutory reserve
credits when it retrocedes business to its offshore subsidiaries, including RGA
Americas, RGA Barbados and RGA Worldwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd. ("RGA
Worldwide"). The Company cedes business to its offshore affiliates to help
reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions such
as the U.S. and the United Kingdom. The capital required to support the business
in the offshore
52
affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction
of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite
conservative. As of December 31, 2005, $439.8 million in letters of credit from
various banks were outstanding between the various subsidiaries of the Company.
Based on the growth of the Company's business and the pattern of reserve
levels under Regulation XXX associated with term life business, the amount of
ceded reserve credits is expected to grow. This growth will require the Company
to obtain additional letters of credit, put additional assets in trust, or
utilize other mechanisms to support the reserve credits. If the Company is
unable to support the reserve credits, the regulatory capital levels of several
of its subsidiaries may be significantly reduced. The reduction in regulatory
capital would not directly affect the Company's consolidated shareholders'
equity under GAAP; however, it could effect the Company's ability to write new
business and retain existing business.
During the third quarter of 2005, the Company entered into a five-year,
syndicated credit facility with an overall capacity of $600.0 million. The
amount of the overall capacity available for issuance of letters of credit is
reduced by any cash borrowings, up to $300.0 million, made by the Company
against this credit facility. At December 31, 2005, there were $320.0 million
letters of credit outstanding against this credit facility, which is included in
the total above. Applicable letter of credit fees and fees payable for the
credit facility depend upon the Company's senior unsecured long-term debt
rating. Fees associated with the Company's other letters of credit are not fixed
for periods in excess of one year and are based on the Company's ratings and the
general availability of these instruments in the marketplace.
ASSET / LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
The Company actively manages its assets using an approach that is intended
to balance quality, diversification, asset/liability matching, liquidity and
investment return. The goals of the investment process are to optimize
after-tax, risk-adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total
return while managing the assets and liabilities on a cash flow and duration
basis.
The Company has established target asset portfolios for each major
insurance product, which represent the investment strategies intended to
profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable risk parameters. These
strategies include objectives for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity
and convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality.
The Company's liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term
investments) was $255.0 million and $184.1 million at December 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004, respectively. Liquidity needs are determined from valuation
analyses conducted by operational units and are driven by product portfolios.
Annual evaluations of demand liabilities and short-term liquid assets are
designed to adjust specific portfolios, as well as their durations and
maturities, in response to anticipated liquidity needs.
The Company's asset-intensive products are primarily supported by
investments in fixed maturity securities. Investment guidelines are established
to structure the investment portfolio based upon the type, duration and behavior
of products in the liability portfolio so as to achieve targeted levels of
profitability. The Company manages the asset-intensive business to provide a
targeted spread between the interest rate earned on investments and the interest
rate credited to the underlying interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The
Company periodically reviews models projecting different interest rate scenarios
and their effect on profitability. Certain of these asset-intensive agreements,
primarily in the U.S. operating segment, are generally funded by fixed maturity
securities that are withheld by the ceding company.
INVESTMENTS
The Company had total cash and invested assets of $12.5 billion and $10.7
billion at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. All investments held by RGA
and its subsidiaries are monitored for conformance to the qualitative and
quantitative limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction's insurance laws
and regulations. In addition, the operating companies' Boards of Directors
periodically review their respective investment portfolios. The Company's
investment strategy is to maintain a predominantly investment-grade, fixed
maturity portfolio, to provide adequate liquidity for expected reinsurance
obligations, and to maximize total return through prudent asset management. The
Company's asset/liability duration matching differs between operating segments.
Based on Canadian reserve requirements, a portion of the Canadian liabilities is
strictly matched with long-duration Canadian assets, with the remaining assets
invested to maximize the total rate of return, given the characteristics of the
corresponding liabilities and Company liquidity needs. The duration of the
Canadian portfolio exceeds twenty years. The target duration for other operating
segments portfolios, which are segmented along product lines, range between four
and seven years. The Company's earned yield on invested assets was 5.89% in
2005, compared with 5.91% in 2004, and 6.39% in 2003. See Note 5 - "Investments"
in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information
regarding the Company's investments.
53
Fixed maturity securities and equity securities available-for-sale
The Company's fixed maturity securities are invested primarily in
commercial and industrial bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, public
utilities, and Canadian government securities. As of December 31, 2005,
approximately 97.3% of the Company's consolidated investment portfolio of fixed
maturity securities was investment-grade. Important factors in the selection of
investments include diversification, quality, yield, total rate of return
potential and call protection. The relative importance of these factors is
determined by market conditions and the underlying product or portfolio
characteristics. Cash equivalents are invested in high-grade money market
instruments. The largest asset class in which fixed maturities were invested was
commercial and industrial bonds, which represented approximately 26.9% of fixed
maturity securities as of December 31, 2005, down from 28.2% as of December 31,
2004. A majority of these securities were classified as corporate securities,
with an average Standard and Poor's ("S&P") rating of A at December 31, 2005.
Within the fixed maturity security portfolio, the Company holds
approximately $1.5 billion in mortgage-backed securities at December 31, 2005,
which include agency-issued pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage
obligations guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, or the Government National
Mortgage Association, and commercial mortgage-backed securities. All of these
securities were investment-grade. The principal risks inherent in holding
residential mortgage-backed securities are prepayment and extension risks, which
will affect the timing of when cash will be received and are dependent on the
level of mortgage interest rates. Prepayment risk is the unexpected increase in
principal payments, primarily as a result of homeowner refinancing. Extension
risk relates to the unexpected slowdown in principal payments. The Company
monitors its residential mortgage-backed securities to mitigate exposure to the
cash flow uncertainties associated with these risks.
Within the fixed maturity security portfolio, the Company holds
approximately $122.1 million in asset-backed securities at December 31, 2005,
which include credit card and automobile receivables, home equity loans and
collateralized bond obligations. The Company's asset-backed securities are
diversified by issuer and contain both floating and fixed-rate securities.
Approximately 0.7% of asset-backed securities, or $0.8 million are
collateralized bond obligations. In addition to the risks associated with
floating rate securities, principal risks in holding asset-backed securities are
structural, credit and capital market risks. Structural risks include the
securities' priority in the issuer's capital structure, the adequacy of and
ability to realize proceeds from collateral, and the potential for prepayments.
Credit risks include consumer or corporate credits such as credit card holders,
equipment lessees, and corporate obligors. Capital market risks include general
level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the
marketplace.
The Company monitors its investment securities to determine impairments in
value. The Company evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer,
payment performance, the length of time and the extent to which the market value
has been below amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market
conditions and industry sector, intent and ability to hold securities and
various other subjective factors. As of December 31, 2005, the Company held
fixed maturities with a cost basis of $8.4 million and a market value of $8.7
million, representing 0.1% of fixed maturities at December 31, 2005, that were
non-income producing. Based on management's judgment, securities with an
other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to management's
estimate of fair value. The Company recorded other-than-temporary write-downs of
fixed maturities totaling $0.5 million, $8.5 million and $20.1 million in 2005,
2004 and 2003, respectively. The circumstances that gave rise to these
impairments were bankruptcy proceedings or deterioration in collateral value
supporting certain asset-backed securities. During 2005 and 2004, the Company
sold fixed maturity securities with fair values of $822.3 million and $394.0
million at losses of $21.8 million and $20.6 million, respectively, or at 97.4%
and 95.0% of book value, respectively.
The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for 679
fixed maturity securities and equity securities as of December 31, 2005, where
the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the
indicated amount (in thousands):
At December 31, 2005
-----------------------------
Gross Unrealized
Losses % of Total
---------------- ----------
Less than 20% $50,224 98.9%
20% or more for less than six months 545 1.1%
20% or more for six months or greater -- --
------- ----
Total $50,769 100%
======= ====
54
While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the
Company's experience indicates that the first two categories do not present as
great a risk of impairment, and often, fair values recover over time. These
securities have generally been adversely affected by overall economic
conditions, primarily an increase in the interest rate environment.
The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized
losses for the 679 fixed maturity securities and equity securities that have
estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2005. These
investments are presented by class and grade of security. The length of time the
related market value has remained below amortized cost is provided for fixed
maturity securities as of December 31, 2005.
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS TOTAL
---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------
Estimated Gross Unrealized Estimated Gross Unrealized Estimated Gross Unrealized
Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss
---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------------
(in thousands)
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL $ 761,601 $15,525 $ 53,040 $2,700 $ 814,641 $18,225
PUBLIC UTILITIES 190,043 2,941 5,750 332 195,793 3,273
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES 48,134 912 18,791 440 66,925 1,352
CANADIAN AND CANADIAN PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENTS 40,959 415 -- -- 40,959 415
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES 905,373 14,085 45,175 1,393 950,548 15,478
FINANCE 371,643 4,907 20,872 904 392,515 5,811
U.S. GOVERNMENT AND AGENCIES 31,102 238 681 25 31,783 263
STATE AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS 5,705 115 -- -- 5,705 115
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS 25,109 76 -- -- 25,109 76
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES $2,379,669 $39,214 $144,309 $5,794 $2,523,978 $45,008
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 37,411 709 2,515 48 39,926 757
PUBLIC UTILITIES 12,822 106 -- -- 12,822 106
FINANCE 11,610 1,094 -- -- 11,610 1,094
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE
SECURITIES 61,843 1,909 2,515 48 64,358 1,957
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
TOTAL FIXED MATURITY
SECURITIES $2,441,512 $41,123 $146,824 $5,842 $2,588,336 $46,965
========== ======= ======== ====== ========== =======
EQUITY SECURITIES $ 92,492 $ 3,629 $ 6,094 $ 175 $ 98,586 $ 3,804
========== ======= ======== ====== ========== =======
The Company believes that the analysis of each security whose price has
been below market for greater than twelve months indicated that the financial
strength, liquidity, leverage, future outlook and/or recent management actions
support the view that the security was not other-than-temporarily impaired as
of December 31, 2005. The unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities did not
exceed 17.0% on an individual security basis and are primarily a result of
rising interest rates, changes in credit spreads and the long-dated maturities
of the securities. One equity security had an unrealized loss of approximately
37.6% or $0.5 million at December 31, 2005, as a result of a reduction in the
dividend rate.
Mortgage loans on real estate
Mortgage loans represented approximately 5.3% and 5.8% of the Company's
investments as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. As of December 31,
2005, all mortgages were U.S.-based. The Company invests primarily in mortgages
on commercial offices, industrial properties and retail locations. The
Company's mortgage loans generally range in size from $0.5 million to $11.0
million, with the average mortgage loan investment as of December 31, 2005
totaling approximately $4.6 million. The mortgage loan portfolio was diversified
by geographic region and property type as discussed further in Note 5 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Substantially all mortgage loans are
performing and no valuation allowance has been established as of December 31,
2005 or 2004.
55
Policy loans
Policy loans comprised approximately 8.0% and 9.1% of the Company's
investments as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These policy loans
present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the
obligation due the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of
the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the
underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. Because policy
loans represent premature distributions of policy liabilities, they have the
effect of reducing future disintermediation risk. In addition, the Company earns
a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate
credited to corresponding liabilities.
Funds withheld at interest
Substantially all of the Company's funds withheld at interest receivable
balance is associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts. The funds
withheld receivable balance totaled $3.5 billion and $2.7 billion at December
31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, of which $2.5 billion and $1.9 billion,
respectively, were subject to the provisions of Issue B36 (see Note 2 - "New
Accounting Pronouncements" in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for
further discussion).
Under Issue B36, the Company's funds withheld receivable under certain
reinsurance arrangements incorporate credit risk exposures that are unrelated or
only partially related to the creditworthiness of the obligor and include an
embedded derivative feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host
contract. Therefore, the embedded derivative feature must be measured at fair
value on the consolidated balance sheets and changes in fair value reported in
income.
Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately 28.1% and 25.9% of the
Company's investments as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. For
agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements
written on a coinsurance basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are
withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company, and are reflected
as funds withheld at interest on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. In
the event of a ceding company's insolvency, the Company would need to assert a
claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of
loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the
ceding company for claims or allowances with amounts owed by the ceding company.
Interest accrues to these assets at rates defined by the treaty terms and the
Company estimates the yield was approximately 6.63% for the year ended December
31, 2005. The Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld
assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily
fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed
maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps
set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors
compliance. Ceding companies with funds withheld at interest had an average A.M.
Best rating of "A". Certain ceding companies maintain segregated portfolios for
the benefit of the Company.
Based on data provided by ceding companies as of December 31, 2005, funds
withheld at interest were approximately (in thousands):
At December 31, 2005
----------------------------------------
% of Total
Underlying Security Type: Book Value Market Value Market Value
------------------------- ---------- ------------ ------------
Investment grade U.S. corporate securities $ 923,021 $ 927,120 37.5%
Below investment grade U.S. corporate securities 86,900 86,465 3.5%
Structured securities 759,317 766,279 31.0%
Foreign corporate securities 168,502 168,888 6.8%
U.S. government and agency debentures 145,464 142,044 5.7%
Unrated securities 85,593 85,913 3.5%
Derivatives 49,575 59,735 2.4%
Other 236,323 237,538 9.6%
---------- ---------- -----
Total segregated portfolios 2,454,695 2,473,982 100.0%
---------- ---------- -----
Funds withheld at interest associated with
non-segregated portfolios 954,977 954,977
Embedded derivatives 50,271 50,271
---------- ----------
Total funds withheld at interest $3,459,943 $3,479,230
========== ==========
56
Based on data provided by the ceding companies as of December 31, 2005, the
maturity distribution of the segregated portfolio portion of funds withheld at
interest was approximately (in thousands):
At December 31, 2005
----------------------------------------
% of Total
Maturity: Book Value Market Value Market Value
--------- ---------- ------------ ------------
Within one year $ 94,242 $ 105,072 3.7%
More than one, less than five years 253,392 254,335 9.0%
More than five, less than ten years 542,503 540,777 19.1%
Ten years or more 1,924,922 1,934,162 68.2%
---------- ---------- -----
Subtotal 2,815,059 2,834,346 100.0%
---------- ---------- -----
Less: Reverse repurchase agreements (360,364) (360,364)
Total all years $2,454,695 $2,473,982
========== ==========
Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets represented approximately 1.9% and 2.0% of the
Company's investments as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Other
invested assets include derivative contracts, equity securities, preferred
stocks and limited partnership interests.
The Company has utilized derivative financial instruments on a very limited
basis, primarily to improve the management of the investment-related risks
associated with the reinsurance of equity-indexed annuities. The Company invests
primarily in exchange-traded and customized Standard and Poor's equity index
options. The Company has established minimum credit quality standards for
counterparties and seeks to obtain collateral or other credit supports. The
Company limits its total financial exposure to counterparties. The Company's use
of derivative financial instruments historically has not been significant to its
financial position. The fair value of derivative investments totaled ($20.0)
thousand as of December 31, 2005 and consisted of exchange-traded credit default
swaps with a notional amount of $40.0 million.
MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of loss that may occur when fluctuation in interest
and currency exchange rates and equity and commodity prices change the value of
a financial instrument. Both derivative and nonderivative financial instruments
have market risk so the Company's risk management extends beyond derivatives to
encompass all financial instruments held that are sensitive to market risk. RGA
is primarily exposed to interest rate risk and foreign currency risk.
Interest Rate Risk
This risk arises from many of the Company's primary activities, as the
Company invests substantial funds in interest-sensitive assets and also has
certain interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company manages interest
rate risk and credit risk to maximize the return on the Company's capital
effectively and to preserve the value created by its business operations. As
such, certain management monitoring processes are designed to minimize the
effect of sudden and sustained changes in interest rates on fair value, cash
flows, and net interest income. The Company manages its exposure to interest
rates principally by matching floating rate liabilities with corresponding
floating rate assets and by matching fixed rate liabilities with corresponding
fixed rate assets. On a limited basis, the Company uses equity options to
minimize its exposure to movements in equity markets that have a direct
correlation with certain of its reinsurance products.
The Company's exposure to interest rate price risk and interest rate cash
flow risk is reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interest rate price risk exposure is
measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the change in
fair value of the Company's financial instruments in the event of a hypothetical
change in interest rates. Interest rate cash flow risk exposure is measured
using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the Company's variability
in cash flows in the event of a hypothetical change in interest rates. If
estimated changes in fair value, net interest income, and cash flows are not
within the limits established, management may adjust its asset and liability mix
to bring interest rate risk within board-approved limits.
In order to reduce the exposure of changes in fair values from interest
rate fluctuations, RGA has developed strategies to manage its liquidity and
increase the interest rate sensitivity of its asset base. From time to time, RGA
has utilized the swap market to manage the volatility of cash flows to interest
rate fluctuations.
Interest rate sensitivity analysis is used to measure the Company's
interest rate price risk by computing estimated changes in fair value of fixed
rate assets and liabilities in the event of a hypothetical 10% change in market
interest rates. The Company does not have fixed-rate instruments classified as
trading securities. The Company's projected loss in fair
57
value of financial instruments in the event of a 10% unfavorable change in
market interest rates at its fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 was
$262.6 million and $207.6 million, respectively.
The calculation of fair value is based on the net present value of
estimated discounted cash flows expected over the life of the market risk
sensitive instruments, using market prepayment assumptions and market rates of
interest provided by independent broker quotations and other public sources,
with adjustments made to reflect the shift in the treasury yield curve as
appropriate.
At December 31, 2005, the Company's estimated changes in fair value were
within the targets outlined in the Company's investment policy.
Interest rate sensitivity analysis is also used to measure the Company's
interest rate cash flow risk by computing estimated changes in the cash flows
expected in the near term attributable to floating rate assets and liabilities
in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. This
analysis assesses the risk of loss in cash flows in the near term in market risk
sensitive floating rate instruments in the event of a hypothetical 10% change
(increase or decrease) in market interest rates. The Company does not have
variable-rate instruments classified as trading securities. The Company's
projected decrease in cash flows in the near term associated with floating-rate
instruments in the event of a 10% unfavorable change in market interest rates at
its fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 was $0.4 million and $0.3
million, respectively.
The cash flows from coupon payments move in the same direction as interest
rates for the Company's floating rate instruments. The volatility in mortgage
prepayments partially offsets the cash flows from interest. At December 31,
2005, the Company's estimated changes in cash flows were within the targets
outlined in the Company's investment policy.
Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes
are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest
rates, and mortgage prepayments, and should not be relied on as indicative of
future results. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions
management could undertake in response to changes in interest rates.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in
the computation of the estimated fair value of fixed rate instruments and the
estimated cash flows of floating rate instruments, which estimates constitute
forward-looking statements. Actual values may differ materially from those
projections presented due to a number of factors, including, without limitation,
market conditions varying from assumptions used in the calculation of the fair
value. In the event of a change in interest rates, prepayments could deviate
significantly from those assumed in the calculation of fair value. Finally, the
desire of many borrowers to repay their fixed-rate mortgage loans may decrease
in the event of interest rate increases.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company is subject to foreign currency translation, transaction, and
net income exposure. The Company manages its exposure to currency principally by
matching invested assets with the underlying reinsurance liabilities to the
extent possible, but generally does not hedge the foreign currency translation
or net investment exposure related to its investment in foreign subsidiaries as
it views these investments to be long-term. Translation differences resulting
from translating foreign subsidiary balances to U.S. dollars are reflected in
stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company generally
does not hedge the foreign currency exposure of its subsidiaries transacting
business in currencies other than their functional currency (transaction
exposure). The majority of the Company's foreign currency transactions are
denominated in Australian dollars, British pounds, Canadian dollars, Japanese
yen, Korean won and the South African rand.
INFLATION
The primary, direct effect on the Company of inflation is the increase in
operating expenses. A large portion of the Company's operating expenses consists
of salaries, which are subject to wage increases at least partly affected by the
rate of inflation. The rate of inflation also has an indirect effect on the
Company. To the extent that a government's policies to control the level of
inflation result in changes in interest rates, the Company's investment income
is affected.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In June 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") completed
its review of Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 03-1, "The Meaning
of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments"
("EITF 03-1"). EITF 03-1 provides accounting guidance regarding the
determination of when an impairment of debt and marketable equity securities and
investments accounted for under the cost method should be considered
other-than-temporary and recognized in income. EITF 03-1 also requires certain
quantitative and qualitative disclosures for debt and
58
marketable equity securities classified as available-for-sale or
held-to-maturity under SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt
and Equity Securities" ("SFAS 115"), that are impaired at the balance sheet date
but for which an other-than-temporary impairment has not been recognized. The
FASB decided not to provide additional guidance on the meaning of
other-than-temporary impairment but has issued FASB Staff Position ("FSP")
115-1, "The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to
Certain Investments" ("FSP 115-1"), which nullifies the accounting guidance on
the determination of whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired as
set forth in EITF 03-1. As required by FSP 115-1, the Company adopted this
guidance on a prospective basis, which had no material effect on the Company's
consolidated financial statements. The Company has complied with the disclosure
requirements of EITF 03-1, which was effective December 31, 2003 and remained in
effect until the adoption of FSP 115-1.
In June 2005, the FASB cleared SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. B38,
"Embedded Derivatives: Evaluation of Net Settlement with Respect to the
Settlement of a Debt Instrument through Exercise of an Embedded Put Option or
Call Option" ("Issue B38") and SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. B39, "Embedded
Derivatives: Application of Paragraph 13(b) to Call Options That Are Exercisable
Only by the Debtor" ("Issue B39"). Issue B38 clarified that the potential
settlement of a debtor's obligation to a creditor occurring upon exercise of a
put or call option meets the net settlement criteria of SFAS No. 133. Issue B39
clarified that an embedded call option, in which the underlying is an interest
rate or interest rate index, that can accelerate the settlement of a debt host
financial instrument should not be bifurcated and fair valued if the right to
accelerate the settlement can be exercised only by the debtor (issuer/borrower)
and the investor will recover substantially all of its initial net investment.
Issues B38 and B39, which must be adopted as of the first day of the first
fiscal quarter beginning after December 15, 2005, did not have a material effect
on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, "Accounting Changes and Error
Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3"
("SFAS 154"). The statement requires retrospective application to prior periods'
financial statements for a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is
deemed impracticable. It also requires that a change in the method of
depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived, non-financial assets be
accounted for as a change in accounting estimate rather than a change in
accounting principle. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and
corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005.
SFAS 154 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB revised SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123") to "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS 123(r)"). SFAS 123(r)
provides additional guidance on determining whether certain financial
instruments awarded in share-based payment transactions are liabilities. SFAS
123(r) also requires that the cost of all share-based transactions be recorded
in the financial statements. The revised pronouncement will be adopted by the
Company during the first quarter of 2006. The Company expects SFAS 123(r) will
increase compensation expense by approximately $2.4 million in 2006.
In July 2003, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee issued Statement
of Position ("SOP") 03-1, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for
Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts." SOP
03-1 provides guidance on separate account presentation and valuation, the
accounting for sales inducements and the classification and valuation of
long-duration contract liabilities. The Company adopted the provisions of SOP
03-1 on January 1, 2004, recording a charge of $0.4 million as a cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle.
In April 2003, the FASB cleared SFAS No. 133 Implementation Issue No. B36,
"Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments
That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially
Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments." Issue
B36 concluded that (i) a company's funds withheld payable and/or receivable
under certain reinsurance arrangements and (ii) a debt instrument that
incorporates credit risk exposures that are unrelated or only partially related
to the creditworthiness of the obligor include an embedded derivative feature
that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract. Therefore, the
embedded derivative feature must be measured at fair value on the balance sheet
and changes in fair value reported in income. The Company adopted the provisions
of Issue B36 during the fourth quarter of 2003 and recorded a net gain of $0.5
million as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle.
Substantially all of the Company's funds withheld receivable balance is
associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts. The funds withheld
receivable balance totaled $3.5 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2005
and 2004, respectively, are subject to the provisions of Issue B36. Management
believes the embedded derivative feature in each of these reinsurance treaties
is similar to a total return swap on the assets held by the ceding companies.
The Company has developed cash flow models as the basis for estimating the value
of the total return swap. The cash flow models are based on the Company's
expectations of the future cash flows under the reinsurance treaties that in
turn are driven by the underlying
59
annuity contracts. The fair value of the total return swap is affected by
changes, both actual and expected, in the cash flows of the underlying annuity
contracts, changes in credit risk associated with the assets held by the ceding
company and changes in interest rates. The change in fair value, which is a
non-cash item, also affects the amortization of deferred acquisition costs since
the Company is required to include it in its expectation of gross profits. At
December 31, 2005 and 2004, the fair value of the embedded derivative totaled
$50.3 million and $42.8 million, respectively, and is included in the funds
withheld at interest line item on the consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent to
the initial adoption of Issue B36, the change in the market value of the
underlying is recorded in the consolidated statement of income as change in
value of embedded derivatives. Industry standards and practices continue to
evolve related to valuing these types of embedded derivative features.
In addition to its annuity contracts, the Company has entered into various
financial reinsurance treaties on a funds withheld and modified coinsurance
basis. These treaties do not transfer significant insurance risk and are
recorded on a deposit method of accounting with the Company earning a net fee.
As a result of the experience refund provisions contained in these treaties, the
value of the embedded derivatives in these contracts is currently considered
immaterial. The Company monitors the performance of these treaties on a
quarterly basis. Significant adverse performance or losses on these treaties may
result in a loss associated with the embedded derivative.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information required by Item 7A is contained in Item 7 under the caption
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Market Risk"
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
60
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, December 31,
2005 2004
------------ ------------
(Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value $ 6,874,243 $ 6,023,696
Mortgage loans on real estate 648,067 609,292
Policy loans 987,442 957,564
Funds withheld at interest 3,459,943 2,734,655
Short-term investments 126,296 31,964
Other invested assets 235,464 207,054
----------- -----------
Total investments 12,331,455 10,564,225
Cash and cash equivalents 128,692 152,095
Accrued investment income 62,498 58,076
Premiums receivable 393,375 376,298
Reinsurance ceded receivables 541,944 434,264
Deferred policy acquisition costs 2,465,630 2,225,974
Other reinsurance balances 179,770 159,440
Other assets 90,502 77,757
----------- -----------
Total assets $16,193,866 $14,048,129
=========== ===========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Future policy benefits $ 4,693,454 $ 4,097,722
Interest sensitive contract liabilities 5,503,528 4,900,600
Other policy claims and benefits 1,529,298 1,316,225
Other reinsurance balances 212,422 247,164
Deferred income taxes 652,024 561,985
Other liabilities 117,101 81,209
Short-term debt 125,610 56,078
Long-term debt 674,392 349,704
Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary
trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures of the Company 158,553 158,417
----------- -----------
Total liabilities 13,666,382 11,769,104
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 14)
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock (par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no
shares issued or outstanding) -- --
Common stock (par value $.01 per share; 140,000,000 shares authorized;
63,128,273 shares issued at December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004) 631 631
Warrants 66,915 66,915
Additional paid-in-capital 1,053,814 1,046,515
Retained earnings 1,048,215 846,572
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
Accumulated currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes 85,127 93,691
Unrealized appreciation of securities, net of income taxes 361,815 244,675
----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity before treasury stock 2,616,517 2,298,999
Less treasury shares held of 2,052,316 and 683,245 at cost at
December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively (89,033) (19,974)
----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity 2,527,484 2,279,025
----------- -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $16,193,866 $14,048,129
=========== ===========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
61
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Twelve months ended December 31,
------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
---------- ---------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands, except per
share data)
REVENUES:
Net premiums $3,866,775 $3,347,448 $2,643,163
Investment income, net of related expenses 639,165 580,528 465,579
Investment related gains, net 13,590 29,473 5,360
Change in value of embedded derivatives 7,444 26,104 43,596
Other revenues 57,791 55,366 47,300
---------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues 4,584,765 4,038,919 3,204,998
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES:
Claims and other policy benefits 3,187,902 2,678,537 2,108,431
Interest credited 208,376 198,931 179,702
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 629,359 591,029 458,165
Change in deferred acquisition costs associated with
change in value of embedded derivatives 6,972 22,896 30,665
Other operating expenses 154,382 139,896 119,636
Interest expense 41,428 38,437 36,789
---------- ---------- ----------
Total benefits and expenses 4,228,419 3,669,726 2,933,388
Income from continuing operations before
income taxes 356,346 369,193 271,610
Provision for income taxes 120,738 123,893 93,291
---------- ---------- ----------
Income from continuing operations 235,608 245,300 178,319
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued accident and health
operations, net of income taxes (11,428) (23,048) (5,723)
---------- ---------- ----------
Income before cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle 224,180 222,252 172,596
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle,
net of income taxes -- (361) 545
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 224,180 $ 221,891 $ 173,141
========== ========== ==========
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Income from continuing operations $ 3.77 $ 3.94 $ 3.47
Discontinued operations (0.19) (0.37) (0.11)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- (0.01) 0.01
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 3.58 $ 3.56 $ 3.37
========== ========== ==========
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Income from continuing operations $ 3.70 $ 3.90 $ 3.46
Discontinued operations (0.18) (0.37) (0.11)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- (0.01) 0.01
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 3.52 $ 3.52 $ 3.36
========== ========== ==========
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER SHARE $ 0.36 $ 0.27 $ 0.24
========== ========== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
62
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Paid In Retained Comprehensive Comprehensive Treasury
Stock Stock Warrants Capital Earnings Income Income Stock Total
--------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ------------- -------- ----------
Balance, January 1, 2003 $-- $511 $66,915 $ 613,042 $ 480,301 $103,483 $(41,789)$1,222,463
Comprehensive income:
Net income 173,141 $173,141 173,141
Other comprehensive income,
net of income tax
Currency translation
adjustments 52,886 52,886
Unrealized investment
gains, net of related
offsets and
reclassification
adjustment 67,890 67,890
--------
Other comprehensive income 120,776 120,776
--------
Comprehensive income $293,917
========
Dividends to stockholders (11,940) (11,940)
Issuance of common stock,
net of expenses 120 426,581 426,701
Reissuance of treasury stock 2,821 13,761 16,582
--- ---- ------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 2003 -- 631 66,915 1,042,444 641,502 224,259 (28,028) 1,947,723
Comprehensive income:
Net income 221,891 $221,891 221,891
Other comprehensive income,
net of income tax
Currency translation
adjustments 40,090 40,090
Unrealized investment
gains, net of related
offsets and
reclassification
adjustment 74,017 74,017
--------
Other comprehensive income 114,107 114,107
--------
Comprehensive income $335,998
========
Dividends to stockholders (16,821) (16,821)
Reissuance of treasury stock 4,071 8,054 12,125
--- ---- ------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 2004 -- 631 66,915 1,046,515 846,572 338,366 (19,974) 2,279,025
Comprehensive income:
Net income 224,180 $224,180 224,180
Other comprehensive income,
net of income tax
Currency translation
adjustments (8,564) (8,564)
Unrealized investment
gains, net of related
offsets and
reclassification
adjustment 117,140 117,140
--------
Other comprehensive income 108,576 108,576
--------
Comprehensive income $332,756
========
Dividends to stockholders (22,537) (22,537)
Purchase of treasury stock (75,888) (75,888)
Reissuance of treasury stock 7,299 6,829 14,128
--- ---- ------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 2005 $-- $631 $66,915 $1,053,814 $1,048,215 $446,942 $(89,033)$2,527,484
=== ==== ======= ========== ========== ======== ======== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
63
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Twelve months ended
December 31,
---------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
(Dollars in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 224,180 $ 221,891 $ 173,141
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Change in:
Accrued investment income (4,666) (9,666) (11,480)
Premiums receivable (30,754) 50,356 (166,868)
Deferred policy acquisition costs (287,405) (416,017) (596,482)
Reinsurance ceded balances (107,679) 29,293 (38,170)
Future policy benefits, other policy claims and benefits,
and other reinsurance balances 788,769 823,621 1,164,871
Deferred income taxes 41,393 92,638 63,895
Other assets and other liabilities, net 25,169 (13,652) 26,493
Amortization of net investment discounts and other (40,288) (32,580) (40,227)
Investment related gains, net (13,722) (29,473) (5,360)
Other, net 4,354 (5,602) 4,779
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by operating activities 599,351 710,809 574,592
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Sales of fixed maturity securities - available for sale 1,550,653 1,298,647 1,768,107
Maturities of fixed maturity securities - available for sale 44,930 53,469 27,623
Purchases of fixed maturity securities - available for sale (2,218,422) (1,902,073) (2,539,871)
Sales of mortgage loans -- 13,927 --
Cash invested in mortgage loans on real estate (88,813) (166,747) (264,205)
Cash invested in policy loans (61,460) (64,205) (67,727)
Cash invested in funds withheld at interest (74,398) 16,411 (137,125)
Principal payments on mortgage loans on real estate 49,001 23,607 12,812
Principal payments on policy loans 31,582 9,499 5,991
Change in short-term investments and other invested assets (126,187) (50,485) (93,857)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash used in investing activities (893,114) (767,950) (1,288,252)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Dividends to stockholders (22,537) (16,821) (11,940)
Proceeds from long-term debt issuance 394,640 -- --
Net borrowings under credit agreements -- 4,600 64,662
Proceeds from offering of common stock, net -- -- 426,701
Purchases of treasury stock (75,888) -- --
Exercise of stock options 6,046 7,162 14,467
Excess deposits (payments) on universal life and other
investment type policies and contracts (27,912) 125,922 210,160
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing activities 274,349 120,863 704,050
Effect of exchange rate changes (3,989) 3,787 6,095
----------- ----------- -----------
Change in cash and cash equivalents (23,403) 67,509 (3,515)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 152,095 84,586 88,101
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 128,692 $ 152,095 $ 84,586
=========== =========== ===========
Supplementary information:
Cash paid for interest $ 38,303 $ 37,883 $ 35,873
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 47,040 $ 28,638 $ 6,391
Non-cash transfer from funds withheld at interest to fixed
maturity securities $ -- $ 606,040 $ --
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
64
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2004, AND 2003
Note 1 ORGANIZATION
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated ("RGA") is an insurance holding
company that was formed on December 31, 1992. As of December 31, 2005, General
American Life Insurance Company ("General American"), a Missouri life insurance
company, directly owned approximately 52.8% of the outstanding shares of common
stock of RGA. General American is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc., a
New York-based insurance and financial services holding company.
The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and
results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA Reinsurance"), RGA
Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd. ("RGA Barbados"), RGA Life Reinsurance
Company of Canada ("RGA Canada"), RGA Americas Reinsurance Company, Ltd. ("RGA
Americas"), RGA Reinsurance Company of Australia, Limited ("RGA Australia") and
RGA Reinsurance UK Limited ("RGA UK") as well as other subsidiaries, subject to
an ownership position of greater than fifty percent (collectively, the
"Company").
The Company is primarily engaged in life reinsurance. Reinsurance is an
arrangement under which an insurance company, the reinsurer, agrees to indemnify
another insurance company, the ceding company, for all or a portion of the
insurance risks underwritten by the ceding company. Reinsurance is designed to
(i) reduce the net liability on individual risks, thereby enabling the ceding
company to increase the volume of business it can underwrite, as well as
increase the maximum risk it can underwrite on a single life or risk; (ii)
stabilize operating results by leveling fluctuations in the ceding company's
loss experience; (iii) assist the ceding company to meet applicable regulatory
requirements; and (iv) enhance the ceding company's financial strength and
surplus position.
Note 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements
of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial
statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most
significant estimates include those used in determining deferred policy
acquisition costs, premiums receivable, future policy benefits, other policy
claims and benefits, including incurred but not reported claims, provision for
adverse litigation, and valuation of investment impairments. Actual results
could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used by management.
For each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company must determine if the
contract provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to
insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The Company
must review all contractual features, particularly those that may limit the
amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject to or features that
delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that a
contract does not expose it to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss
from insurance risk, the Company records the contract on a deposit method of
accounting with the net amount payable/receivable reflected in other reinsurance
assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Fees earned on the
contracts are reflected as other revenues, as opposed to premiums, on the
consolidated statements of income.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA
and its subsidiaries, both direct and indirect, subject to an ownership position
greater than fifty percent, and any variable interest entities where the Company
is the primary beneficiary. Entities in which the Company has an ownership
position greater than twenty percent, but less than or equal to fifty percent
are reported under the equity method of accounting. The Company evaluates
variable interest entities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards
Board ("FASB") Interpretation No. 46(r) "Consolidation of Variable Interest
Entities - An Interpretation of ARB No. 51". All significant intercompany
balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Investments. Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale are reported at fair
value and are so classified based upon the possibility that such securities
could be sold prior to maturity if that action enables the Company to execute
its investment philosophy and appropriately match investment results to
operating and liquidity needs.
Impairments in the value of securities held by the Company, considered to be
other than temporary, are recorded as a reduction of the book value of the
security, and a corresponding realized investment loss is recognized in the
consolidated statements of income. The Company's policy is to recognize such
impairment when the projected cash flows of these
65
securities have been reduced on an other-than-temporary basis so that the fair
value is reduced to an amount less than the book value. The Company evaluates
factors such as financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, the
length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized
cost, compliance with covenants, general market conditions and industry sector,
intent and ability to hold securities, and various other subjective factors. The
actual value at which such financial instruments could actually be sold or
settled with a willing buyer may differ from such estimated fair values.
Unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities and fixed maturity
securities classified as available for sale, less applicable deferred income
taxes as well as related adjustments to deferred acquisition costs, if
applicable, are reflected as a direct charge or credit to accumulated other
comprehensive income in stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheets.
Mortgage loans on real estate are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of
any unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances. Valuation
allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon losses expected by
management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlement
of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The valuation allowances are
established after management considers, among other things, the value of
underlying collateral and payment capabilities of debtors.
Short-term investments represent investments with original maturities of greater
than three months but less than twelve months and are stated at amortized cost,
which approximates fair value.
Policy loans are reported at the unpaid principal balance.
Funds withheld at interest represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding
companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For agreements written on a
modified coinsurance basis and agreements written on a coinsurance funds
withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and
legally owned by the ceding company. Interest accrues to these assets at rates
defined by the treaty terms.
For reinsurance transactions executed through December 31, 1994, assets and
liabilities related to treaties written on a modified coinsurance basis with
funds withheld are reported on a gross basis. For modified coinsurance
reinsurance transactions with funds withheld executed on or after December 31,
1994, assets and liabilities are reported on a net or gross basis, depending on
the specific details within each treaty. Reinsurance agreements reported on a
net basis are generally included in other reinsurance balances on the
consolidated balance sheets because a legal right of offset exists.
Change in value of embedded derivatives reflects the change in the market value
of specific financial instruments as required upon the adoption of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133 Implementation Issue No. B36,
"Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments
That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially
Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments" ("Issue
B36").
Other invested assets include derivative contracts, common stocks and preferred
stocks, carried at fair value, and limited partnership interests, carried at
cost. Changes in fair value are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive
income. Other invested assets are periodically reviewed for impairment.
The Company has a variety of reasons to use derivative instruments, such as to
attempt to protect the Company against possible changes in the market value of
its investment portfolio as a result of interest rate changes and to manage the
portfolio's effective yield, maturity, and duration. The Company does not invest
in derivatives for speculative purposes. The Company uses both exchange-traded
and customized over-the-counter derivative financial instruments. The Company's
use of derivatives historically has not been significant to its financial
position. Income or expense on derivative financial instruments used to manage
interest-rate exposure is recorded on an accrual basis as an adjustment to the
yield of the related interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities for
the periods covered by the contracts. Upon sale, exercise, expiration or
termination, gains or losses on derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges
are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings in
the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Company did not hold any derivatives
accounted for as cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2005, the Company held
exchange-traded credit default swaps with a notional amount of $40.0 million,
which are carried at a fair value of ($20.0) thousand. Changes in the fair value
of these derivatives are recorded as investment related gains/(losses), net on
the consolidated statements of income. It is the Company's policy to enter into
derivative contracts primarily with highly rated companies.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all investments purchased with
an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
66
Additional Information Regarding Statements of Cash Flows. Cash and cash
equivalents include cash on deposit and highly liquid debt instruments purchased
with an original maturity of three months or less. The consolidated statements
of cash flows includes the results of discontinued operations in net cash from
operations for all years presented, as the effect of the discontinued operations
on cash flows is not considered material.
Premiums Receivable. Premiums are accrued when due and in accordance with
information received from the ceding company. When a ceding company fails to
report information on a timely basis, the Company records accruals based on the
terms of the reinsurance treaty as well as historical experience. Other
management estimates include adjustments for lapsed premiums given historical
experience, the financial health of specific ceding companies, collateral value
and the legal right of offset on related amounts (i.e. allowances and claims)
owed to the ceding company. Under the legal right of offset provisions in its
reinsurance treaties, the Company can withhold payments for allowances and
claims for unpaid premiums. Based on its review of these factors and historical
experience, the Company did not believe a provision for doubtful accounts was
necessary as of December 31, 2005 or 2004.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Costs of acquiring new business, which vary
with and are primarily related to the production of new business, have been
deferred to the extent that such costs are deemed recoverable from future
premiums or gross profits. Such costs include commissions and allowances as well
as certain costs of policy issuance and underwriting. The Company performs
periodic tests to establish that DAC remains recoverable, and if financial
performance significantly deteriorates to the point where a premium deficiency
exists, a cumulative charge to current operations will be recorded. No such
adjustments were made during 2005, 2004 or 2003. Deferred costs related to
traditional life insurance contracts, substantially all of which relate to
long-duration contracts, are amortized over the premium-paying period of the
related policies in proportion to the ratio of individual period premium
revenues to total anticipated premium revenues over the life of the policy. Such
anticipated premium revenues are estimated using the same assumptions used for
computing liabilities for future policy benefits.
Deferred costs related to interest-sensitive life and investment-type policies
are amortized over the lives of the policies, in relation to the present value
of estimated gross profits from mortality, investment income less interest
credited, and expense margins.
Other Reinsurance Balances. The Company assumes and retrocedes financial
reinsurance contracts that represent low mortality risk reinsurance treaties.
These contracts are reported as deposits and are included in other reinsurance
assets/liabilities. The amount of revenue reported in other revenues on these
contracts represents fees and the cost of insurance under the terms of the
reinsurance agreement. Balances resulting from the assumption and/or subsequent
transfer of benefits and obligations resulting from cash flows related to
variable annuities have also been classified as other reinsurance balance assets
and/or liabilities.
Goodwill and Value of Business Acquired. The Company reports goodwill pursuant
to the provisions of SFAS No. 142. Accordingly, goodwill and certain intangibles
are not amortized into results of operations, but instead are reviewed for
impairment and written down and charged to results of operations only in the
periods in which the recorded value of goodwill and certain intangibles is more
than its fair value. From 2003 through 2005, there were no changes to goodwill
as a result of acquisitions or disposals. Goodwill as of December 31, 2005 and
2004 totaled $7.0 million and was related to the purchase by the Company's U.S.
operations of RGA Financial Group L.L.C. in 2000. The value of business acquired
is amortized in proportion to the ratio of annual premium revenues to total
anticipated premium revenues or in relation to the present value of estimated
profits. Anticipated premium revenues have been estimated using assumptions
consistent with those used in estimating reserves for future policy benefits.
The carrying value is reviewed at least annually for indicators of impairment in
value. The value of business acquired was approximately $3.5 million and $4.5
million, including accumulated amortization of $9.9 million and $8.9 million, as
of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The value of business acquired
amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003 was
$1.0 million, $1.3 million, and $1.7 million, respectively. These amortized
balances are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Amortization of the value of business acquired is estimated to be $0.8 million,
$0.6 million, $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million during 2006, 2007,
2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
Other Assets. In addition to the goodwill and value of business acquired
previously discussed, other assets primarily includes separate accounts,
unamortized debt issuance costs, capitalized software, and other capitalized
assets. Capitalized software is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization.
Purchased software costs, as well as internal and external costs incurred to
develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage,
are capitalized. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Company had unamortized
computer software costs of approximately $18.9 million and $20.3 million,
respectively. During 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company amortized computer
software costs of $5.7 million, $2.2 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.
Amortization of software costs is recorded on a straight-line basis over periods
ranging from
67
three to ten years. Carrying values are reviewed periodically for indicators of
impairment in value. The amortization in 2005 includes an asset impairment
charge of $2.7 million.
Future Policy Benefits and Interest-Sensitive Contract Liabilities. Liabilities
for future benefits on life policies are established in an amount adequate to
meet the estimated future obligations on policies in force. Liabilities for
future policy benefits under long-term life insurance policies have been
computed based upon expected investment yields, mortality and withdrawal (lapse)
rates, and other assumptions. These assumptions include a margin for adverse
deviation and vary with the characteristics of the plan of insurance, year of
issue, age of insured, and other appropriate factors. Interest rates range from
4.0% to 6.0%. The mortality and withdrawal assumptions are based on the
Company's experience as well as industry experience and standards. Liabilities
for future benefits on interest-sensitive life and investment-type contract
liabilities are carried at the accumulated contract holder values without
reduction for potential surrender or withdrawal charges.
The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to
the assumptions used to establish policy benefits. The Company establishes
premium deficiency reserves if actual and anticipated experience indicates that
existing policy liabilities together with the present value of future gross
premiums will not be sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits,
settlement and maintenance costs and to recover unamortized acquisition costs.
The premium deficiency reserve is established by a charge to income, as well as
a reduction in unamortized acquisition costs and, to the extent there are no
unamortized acquisition costs, an increase in future policy benefits.
In establishing reserves for future policy benefits, the Company assigns policy
liability assumptions to particular time frames (eras) in such a manner as to be
consistent with the underlying assumptions and economic conditions at the time
the risks are assumed. The Company generally maintains a consistent level of
provision for adverse deviation between eras.
The reserving process includes normal periodic reviews of assumptions used and
adjustments of reserves to incorporate the refinement of the assumptions. Any
such adjustments relate only to policies assumed in recent periods and the
adjustments are reflected by a cumulative charge or credit to current
operations.
The Company reinsures asset-intensive products, including annuities and
corporate-owned life insurance. The investment portfolios for these products are
segregated for management purposes within the general account of RGA
Reinsurance. The liabilities under asset-intensive reinsurance contracts are
included in interest-sensitive contract liabilities on the consolidated balance
sheets.
Other Policy Claims and Benefits. Claims payable for incurred but not reported
losses are determined using case basis estimates and lag studies of past
experience. The time lag from the date of the claim or death to when the ceding
company reports the claim to the Company can vary significantly by ceding
company and business segment, but generally averages around 3.0 months on a
consolidated basis. The Company updates its analysis of incurred but not
reported, including lag studies, on a quarterly basis and adjusts its claim
liabilities accordingly.
Other liabilities primarily include investments in transit, separate accounts,
employee benefits, and current federal income taxes payable. The Company
occasionally enters into sales of investment securities under agreements to
repurchase the same securities and participates in a securitized lending
program. These transactions are reported as collateralized financings and the
settlement obligation is a component of other liabilities. At December 31, 2005
and 2004, there were no repurchase agreements outstanding.
Income Taxes. RGA and its eligible U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated federal
income tax return. The U.S. consolidated tax return includes RGA, RGA Americas
Reinsurance Company, Ltd., RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, RGA Technology
Partners, Inc., Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated, and Fairfield
Management Group, Inc. Due to rules that affect the ability of an entity to join
in a consolidated tax return, RGA Sigma Reinsurance SPC, and RGA Worldwide
Reinsurance Company, Ltd. ("RGA Worldwide"), formerly Triad Re, Ltd., file
separate tax returns, even though they are considered to be U.S. taxpayers. The
Company's Argentine, Australian, Canadian, South African, Indian, Irish and
United Kingdom subsidiaries are taxed under applicable local statutes. The
Company's branch operations are taxable under U.S. tax law and applicable local
statutes.
For all years presented the Company uses the asset and liability method to
record deferred income taxes. Accordingly, deferred income tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets
and liabilities and their respective tax bases, using enacted tax rates.
Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of Subsidiary
Trust Holding Solely Junior Subordinated Debentures of the Company. During
December 2001, RGA Capital Trust I (the "Trust"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of
RGA, sold Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Securities ("PIERS") Units. Each
unit consists of a preferred security
68
("Preferred Securities") issued by the Trust with a detachable warrant to
purchase 1.2508 shares of RGA common stock. The Trust sold 4.5 million PIERS
units. The market value of the Preferred Securities on the date issued ($158.1
million) was recorded in liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets under
the caption "Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of
subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures." The coupon rate
of the Preferred Securities is 5.75% on a face amount of $225.0 million.
Warrants. The market value of the detachable warrants on the date the PIERS
units were issued is recorded in stockholders' equity on the consolidated
balance sheets under the caption "Warrants." In the aggregate as of December 31,
2005, 4.5 million warrants to purchase approximately 5.6 million shares of
Company common stock at a price per share of $39.98 were outstanding. If on any
date after December 18, 2004, the closing price of RGA common stock exceeds and
has exceeded a price per share equal to $47.97 for at least 20 trading days
within the immediately preceding 30 consecutive trading days, the Company may
redeem the warrants in whole for cash, RGA common stock, or a combination of
cash and RGA common stock.
Foreign Currency Translation. The translation of the foreign currency into U.S.
dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in
effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using a
weighted average exchange rate during each year. Gains or losses, net of
applicable deferred income taxes, resulting from such translation are included
in accumulated currency translation adjustments, in accumulated other
comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's material
functional currencies are the Australian dollar, the British pound, the Canadian
dollar, the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the South African rand.
Retrocession Arrangements and Reinsurance Ceded Receivables. The Company
generally reports retrocession activity on a gross basis. Amounts paid or deemed
to have been paid for reinsurance are reflected in reinsurance ceded
receivables. The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is
recognized over the terms of the reinsured policies on a basis consistent with
the reporting of those policies.
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to
losses on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding
reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage
and coinsurance (quota share) contracts. Effective July 1, 2003, the Company
increased its retention amount from $4.0 million of coverage per individual life
to $6.0 million. RGA Reinsurance has a number of retrocession arrangements
whereby certain business in force is retroceded on an automatic or facultative
basis. The Company also retrocedes most of its financial reinsurance business to
other insurance companies to alleviate statutory capital requirements created by
this business.
Retrocessions are arranged through the Company's retrocession pools for amounts
in excess of the Company's retention limit. As of December 31, 2005, all rated
retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated B++
or better. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security
in the form of letters of credit or trust assets has been given as additional
security in favor of RGA Reinsurance. In addition, the Company performs annual
financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and
performance. In addition to its third party retrocessionaires, various RGA
reinsurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts in excess of their retention to RGA
Reinsurance, RGA Barbados and RGA Americas.
The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with
retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting
claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as
to the future performance of such retrocessionaires or as to recoverability of
any such claims.
Recognition of Revenues and Related Expenses. Life and health premiums are
recognized as revenue when due from the insured, and are reported net of amounts
retroceded. Benefits and expenses are reported net of amounts retroceded and are
associated with earned premiums so that profits are recognized over the life of
the related contract. This association is accomplished through the provision for
future policy benefits and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition
costs. Other revenue includes items such as treaty recapture fees, and fees
associated with financial reinsurance. Any fees that are collected in advance of
the period benefited are deferred and recognized over the period benefited.
Initial reserve changes are netted against premiums when an in force block of
business is reinsured.
For certain reinsurance transactions involving in force blocks of business, the
ceding company pays a premium equal to the initial required reserve (future
policy benefit). In such transactions, for income statement presentation, the
Company nets the expense associated with the establishment of the reserve on the
consolidated balance sheet against the premiums from the transaction.
Revenues for interest-sensitive and investment-type products consist of
investment income, policy charges for the cost of insurance, policy
administration, and surrenders that have been assessed against policy account
balances during the period.
69
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities for these products represent policy
account balances before applicable surrender charges. Deferred policy
acquisition costs are recognized as expenses over the term of the policies.
Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expenses include claims incurred
in the period in excess of related policy account balances and interest credited
to policy account balances. The weighted average interest-crediting rates for
interest-sensitive products were 4.1%, 4.5% and 4.7%, during 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively. Interest crediting rates for U.S. dollar-denominated
investment-type contracts ranged from 3.2% to 5.8% during 2005, 2.8% to 5.9%
during 2004 and 4.0% to 9.5% during 2003. Weighted average interest crediting
rates for Mexican peso-denominated investment-type contracts were 12.7%, 5.0%
and 21.8% for 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Investment income is recognized as it accrues or is legally due. Realized gains
and losses on sales of investments are included in net income, as are
write-downs of investments where declines in value are deemed to be other than
temporary in nature. The cost of investments sold is determined based upon the
specific identification method.
Net Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of
options and warrants. Diluted earnings per share include the dilutive effects
assuming outstanding stock options and warrants were exercised.
New Accounting Pronouncements. In June 2005, the FASB completed its review of
Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 03-1, "The Meaning of
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments"
("EITF 03-1"). EITF 03-1 provides accounting guidance regarding the
determination of when an impairment of debt and marketable equity securities and
investments accounted for under the cost method should be considered
other-than-temporary and recognized in income. EITF 03-1 also requires certain
quantitative and qualitative disclosures for debt and marketable equity
securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity under SFAS No.
115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" ("SFAS
115"), that are impaired at the balance sheet date but for which an
other-than-temporary impairment has not been recognized. The FASB decided not to
provide additional guidance on the meaning of other-than-temporary impairment
but has issued FASB Staff Position ("FSP") 115-1, "The Meaning of
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments"
("FSP 115-1"), which nullifies the accounting guidance on the determination of
whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired as set forth in EITF
03-1. As required by FSP 115-1, the Company adopted this guidance on a
prospective basis, which had no material effect on the Company's consolidated
financial statements. The Company has complied with the disclosure requirements
of EITF 03-1, which was effective December 31, 2003 and remained in effect until
the adoption of FSP 115-1.
In June 2005, the FASB cleared SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. B38, "Embedded
Derivatives: Evaluation of Net Settlement with Respect to the Settlement of a
Debt Instrument through Exercise of an Embedded Put Option or Call Option"
("Issue B38") and SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. B39, "Embedded Derivatives:
Application of Paragraph 13(b) to Call Options That Are Exercisable Only by the
Debtor" ("Issue B39"). Issue B38 clarified that the potential settlement of a
debtor's obligation to a creditor occurring upon exercise of a put or call
option meets the net settlement criteria of SFAS No. 133. Issue B39 clarified
that an embedded call option, in which the underlying is an interest rate or
interest rate index, that can accelerate the settlement of a debt host financial
instrument should not be bifurcated and fair valued if the right to accelerate
the settlement can be exercised only by the debtor (issuer/borrower) and the
investor will recover substantially all of its initial net investment. Issues
B38 and B39, which must be adopted as of the first day of the first fiscal
quarter beginning after December 15, 2005, did not have a material effect on the
Company's consolidated financial statements.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, "Accounting Changes and Error
Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3"
("SFAS 154"). The statement requires retrospective application to prior periods'
financial statements for a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is
deemed impracticable. It also requires that a change in the method of
depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived, non-financial assets be
accounted for as a change in accounting estimate rather than a change in
accounting principle. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and
corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005.
SFAS 154 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB revised SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123") to "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS 123(r)"). SFAS 123(r)
provides additional guidance on determining whether certain financial
instruments awarded in share-based payment transactions are liabilities. SFAS
123(r) also requires that the cost of all share-based transactions be recorded
in the financial statements. The revised pronouncement will be adopted by the
Company during the first quarter of 2006. The Company expects SFAS 123(r) will
increase compensation expense by approximately $2.4 million in 2006.
In July 2003, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee issued Statement of
Position ("SOP") 03-1, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for
Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts." SOP
70
03-1 provides guidance on separate account presentation and valuation, the
accounting for sales inducements and the classification and valuation of
long-duration contract liabilities. The Company adopted the provisions of SOP
03-1 on January 1, 2004, recording a charge of $0.4 million as a cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle.
In April 2003, the FASB cleared SFAS No. 133 Implementation Issue No. B36,
"Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments
That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially
Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments". Issue
B36 concluded that (i) a company's funds withheld payable and/or receivable
under certain reinsurance arrangements and (ii) a debt instrument that
incorporates credit risk exposures that are unrelated or only partially related
to the creditworthiness of the obligor include an embedded derivative feature
that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract. Therefore, the
embedded derivative feature must be measured at fair value on the balance sheet
and changes in fair value reported in income. The Company adopted the provisions
of Issue B36 during the fourth quarter of 2003 and recorded a net gain of $0.5
million as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle.
Substantially all of the Company's funds withheld receivable balance is
associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts. The funds withheld
receivable balance totaled $3.5 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2005
and 2004, respectively, are subject to the provisions of Issue B36. Management
believes the embedded derivative feature in each of these reinsurance treaties
is similar to a total return swap on the assets held by the ceding companies.
The Company has developed cash flow models as the basis for estimating the value
of the total return swap. The cash flow models are based on the Company's
expectations of the future cash flows under the reinsurance treaties that in
turn are driven by the underlying annuity contracts. The fair value of the total
return swap is affected by changes, both actual and expected, in the cash flows
of the underlying annuity contracts, changes in credit risk associated with the
assets held by the ceding company and changes in interest rates. The change in
fair value, which is a non-cash item, also affects the amortization of deferred
acquisition costs since the Company is required to include it in its expectation
of gross profits. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the fair value of the embedded
derivative totaled $50.3 million and $42.8 million, respectively, and is
included in the funds withheld at interest line item on the consolidated balance
sheets. Subsequent to the initial adoption of Issue B36, the change in the
market value of the underlying is recorded in the consolidated statements of
income as change in value of embedded derivatives. Industry standards and
practices continue to evolve related to valuing these types of embedded
derivative features.
In addition to its annuity contracts, the Company has entered into various
financial reinsurance treaties on a funds withheld and modified coinsurance
basis. These treaties do not transfer significant insurance risk and are
recorded on a deposit method of accounting with the Company earning a net fee.
As a result of the experience refund provisions contained in these treaties, the
value of the embedded derivatives in these contracts is currently considered
immaterial. The Company monitors the performance of these treaties on a
quarterly basis. Significant adverse performance or losses on these treaties may
result in a loss associated with the embedded derivative.
Reclassification. The Company has reclassified the presentation of certain prior
period information to conform to the 2005 presentation.
Note 3 STOCK TRANSACTIONS
On December 12, 2005, RGA entered into an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR")
agreement with a financial counterparty. Under the ASR agreement, RGA purchased
1,600,000 shares of its outstanding common stock at an initial price of $47.43
per share and at an aggregate price of approximately $75.9 million. In order to
deliver the shares to RGA on December 12, 2005, the counterparty borrowed RGA
shares from the stock loan market. RGA funded the repurchase from the proceeds
of a junior subordinated debenture offering. Under the ASR agreement, the
counterparty purchases an equivalent number of shares of common stock in the
open market over time in order to pay back the shares it borrowed. At the end of
this period, RGA may receive, or may be required to remit, a purchase price
adjustment based upon the volume weighted average price of its common shares
during the period. The purchase price adjustment can be settled, at the election
of RGA, in cash or in shares of its common stock. The counterparty completed its
purchases on February 22, 2006 and as a result, the Company was required to pay
$130 thousand to the counterparty for the final settlement. The common shares
repurchased have been placed into treasury to be used for general corporate
purposes. The repurchase of shares pursuant to the ASR agreement is in addition
to the Company's previously announced stock repurchase authorization.
On November 13, 2003, RGA issued 10,500,000 shares of its common stock at $36.65
per share. On December 4, 2003, underwriters for the public offering exercised
their entire option to purchase an additional 1,575,000 newly issued shares of
common stock, also at a price of $36.65 per share. After giving effect to the
exercise of the option, RGA sold 12,075,000 shares of its common stock and
received proceeds of approximately $426.7 million, net of expenses. MetLife,
Inc. purchased 3,000,000 of these newly issued shares.
71
On January 23, 2002, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program
authorizing the Company to purchase up to $50 million of its shares of stock, as
conditions warrant. The Board's action allows management, at its discretion, to
purchase shares on the open market. As of December 31, 2005, the Company
purchased 225,500 shares under this program at an aggregate cost of $6.6
million. Purchased shares are held as treasury stock. All purchases were made
during 2002. The Company generally uses treasury shares to support the future
exercise of options granted under its stock option plans.
Note 4 SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION
During December 2003, the Company completed a large coinsurance agreement with
Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America ("Allianz Life"). Under this
agreement, RGA Reinsurance assumed the traditional life reinsurance business of
Allianz Life, including yearly renewable term reinsurance and coinsurance of
term policies. The business assumed does not include any accident and health
risk, annuities or related guaranteed minimum death benefits or guaranteed
minimum income benefits. This transaction added additional scale to the
Company's U.S. traditional business, but did not significantly add to the
Company's client base since most of the underlying ceding companies were already
clients. The transaction was effective retroactive to July 1, 2003. Under the
agreement, Allianz Life transferred to RGA Reinsurance $425.7 million in cash
and statutory reserves. RGA Reinsurance paid Allianz Life a ceding commission of
$310.0 million. As a result of this transaction, during the fourth quarter of
2003 the Company's U.S. traditional sub-segment reflected an additional $246.1
million in net premiums and approximately $6.8 million of net income, after tax.
Note 5 INVESTMENTS
Major categories of net investment income consist of the following (in
thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale $339,051 $287,471 $228,260
Mortgage loans on real estate 40,827 34,045 23,599
Policy loans 57,237 54,309 59,883
Funds withheld at interest 192,122 199,094 144,975
Short-term investments 2,236 1,314 2,501
Other invested assets 17,569 14,045 12,820
-------- -------- --------
Investment revenue 649,042 590,278 472,038
Investment expense 9,877 9,750 6,459
-------- -------- --------
Net investment income $639,165 $580,528 $465,579
======== ======== ========
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair values
of investments in fixed maturity securities and equity securities at December
31, 2005 and 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2005 Cost Gains Losses Value
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Available-for-sale:
Commercial and industrial $1,817,190 $ 53,023 $18,983 $1,851,230
Public utilities 904,291 249,293 3,378 1,150,206
Asset-backed securities 119,913 3,571 1,352 122,132
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments 700,487 240,059 415 940,131
Mortgage-backed securities 1,530,795 9,889 15,478 1,525,206
Finance 965,177 29,909 6,905 988,181
U.S. government and agencies 38,352 48 263 38,137
State and political subdivisions 31,493 385 115 31,763
Other foreign government securities 223,527 3,806 76 227,257
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total fixed maturity securities $6,331,225 $589,983 $46,965 $6,874,243
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Equity securities $ 199,531 $ 5,359 $ 3,804 $ 201,086
========== ======== ======= ==========
72
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2004 Cost Gains Losses Value
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Available-for-sale:
Commercial and industrial $1,629,094 $ 76,927 $ 5,559 $1,700,462
Public utilities 844,099 140,163 1,450 982,812
Asset-backed securities 132,417 4,167 388 136,196
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments 561,041 116,257 174 677,124
Mortgage-backed securities 1,381,185 27,047 4,409 1,403,823
Finance 873,249 37,052 3,282 907,019
U.S. government and agencies 44,585 338 184 44,739
Other foreign government securities 169,087 2,885 451 171,521
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total fixed maturity securities $5,634,757 $404,836 $15,897 $6,023,696
---------- -------- ------- ----------
Equity securities $ 171,430 $ 6,597 $ 453 $ 177,574
========== ======== ======= ==========
As of December 31, 2005, the Company held securities with a market value of
$586.1 million issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, $407.4
million issued by the Federal National Mortgage Corporation, $485.7 million that
were issued by a Canadian province, and $454.0 million in one entity that were
guaranteed by a Canadian province, all of which exceeded 10% of consolidated
stockholders' equity. As of December 31, 2004, the Company held securities with
a market value of $535.7 million issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, $290.5 million issued by the Federal National Mortgage Corporation,
$318.4 million in one entity were guaranteed by a Canadian province, and $260.2
million in one entity that was guaranteed by a Canadian province, all of which
exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders' equity.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities
available-for-sale at December 31, 2005 are shown by contractual maturity for
all securities except certain U.S. government agencies securities, which are
distributed to maturity year based on the Company's estimate of the rate of
future prepayments of principal over the remaining lives of the securities.
These estimates are developed using prepayment rates provided in broker
consensus data. Such estimates are derived from prepayment rates experienced at
the interest rate levels projected for the applicable underlying collateral and
can be expected to vary from actual experience. Actual maturities can differ
from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or
prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
At December 31, 2005, the contractual maturities of investments in fixed
maturity securities were as follows (in thousands):
Amortized Fair
Cost Value
---------- ----------
Available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less $ 109,757 $ 109,842
Due after one year through five years 707,043 714,248
Due after five years through ten years 1,650,162 1,672,150
Due after ten years 2,213,555 2,730,666
Asset and mortgage-backed securities 1,650,708 1,647,337
---------- ----------
$6,331,225 $6,874,243
========== ==========
Net investment related gains consist of the following (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 2005 2004 2003
----------------------- -------- -------- --------
Fixed maturities and equity securities
available-for-sale:
Realized gains $ 36,463 $ 48,306 $ 52,602
Realized losses (24,733) (21,038) (45,742)
Other, net 1,860 2,205 (1,500)
-------- -------- --------
Net gains $ 13,590 $ 29,473 $ 5,360
======== ======== ========
The Company monitors its investment securities to determine impairments in
value. The Company evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer,
payment performance, the length of time and the extent to which the market value
has been
73
below amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market conditions and
industry sector, intent and ability to hold securities, and various other
subjective factors. Based on management's judgment, securities with an
other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to management's
estimate of fair value. Included in net realized losses are other-than-temporary
write-downs of fixed maturity securities of approximately $0.5 million, $8.5
million, and $20.1 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The
circumstances that gave rise to these impairments were management's intention to
sell certain securities, bankruptcy proceedings or deterioration in collateral
value supporting certain asset-backed securities. Realized losses included
other-than-temporary impairment in value of collateralized bond obligations of
$9.7 million during 2003.
At December 31, 2005, fixed maturity securities held by the Company that were
below investment grade had a book value and estimated fair value of
approximately $178.7 million and $182.1 million, respectively. At December 31,
2005, the Company owned non-income producing securities with an amortized cost
of $8.4 million and market value of $8.7 million. During 2005, 2004, and 2003
the Company sold fixed maturity securities with fair values of $822.3 million,
$394.0 million, and $460.3 million, which were below amortized cost, at losses
of $21.8 million, $20.6 million and $25.2 million, respectively.
The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for 679 and 403
fixed maturity securities and equity securities as of December 31, 2005 and
2004, respectively, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained
below amortized cost by the indicated amount (in thousands):
At December 31, 2005 At December 31, 2004
----------------------------- -----------------------------
Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized
Losses % of Total Losses % of Total
---------------- ---------- ---------------- ----------
Less than 20% $50,224 98.9% $16,350 100%
20% or more for less than six months 545 1.1% -- --
20% or more for six months or greater -- -- -- --
------- ---- ------- ---
Total $50,769 100% $16,350 100%
======= ==== ======= ===
While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the
Company's experience indicates that the first two categories do not present as
great a risk of impairment, and often, fair values recover over time. These
securities have generally been adversely affected by overall economic
conditions, primarily an increase in the interest rate environment.
74
The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized
losses for the 679 and 403 fixed maturity securities and equity securities that
have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2005 and
2004, respectively. These investments are presented by class and grade of
security, as well as the length of time the related market value has remained
below amortized cost.
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS TOTAL
----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
Gross Gross Gross
Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(in thousands)
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL $ 761,601 $15,525 $ 53,040 $2,700 $ 814,641 $18,225
PUBLIC UTILITIES 190,043 2,941 5,750 332 195,793 3,273
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES 48,134 912 18,791 440 66,925 1,352
CANADIAN AND CANADIAN PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENTS 40,959 415 -- -- 40,959 415
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES 905,373 14,085 45,175 1,393 950,548 15,478
FINANCE 371,643 4,907 20,872 904 392,515 5,811
U.S. GOVERNMENT AND AGENCIES 31,102 238 681 25 31,783 263
STATE AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS 5,705 115 -- -- 5,705 115
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS 25,109 76 -- -- 25,109 76
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES $2,379,669 $39,214 $144,309 $5,794 $2,523,978 $45,008
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 37,411 709 2,515 48 39,926 757
PUBLIC UTILITIES 12,822 106 -- -- 12,822 106
FINANCE 11,610 1,094 -- -- 11,610 1,094
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES 61,843 1,909 2,515 48 64,358 1,957
---------- ------- -------- ------ ---------- -------
TOTAL FIXED MATURITY SECURITIES $2,441,512 $41,123 $146,824 $5,842 $2,588,336 $46,965
========== ======= ======== ====== ========== =======
EQUITY SECURITIES $ 92,492 $ 3,629 $ 6,094 $ 175 $ 98,586 $ 3,804
========== ======= ======== ====== ========== =======
75
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS TOTAL
----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
Gross Gross Gross
Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss Fair Value Loss
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(in thousands)
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL $268,633 $ 3,591 $48,727 $1,735 $ 317,360 $ 5,326
PUBLIC UTILITIES 83,473 1,201 5,714 229 89,187 1,430
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES 38,568 388 -- -- 38,568 388
CANADIAN AND CANADIAN PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENTS 21,497 173 -- -- 21,497 173
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES 264,617 4,314 -- -- 264,617 4,314
FINANCE 180,990 2,632 22,210 649 203,200 3,281
U.S. GOVERNMENT AND AGENCIES 30,199 280 -- -- 30,199 280
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS 56,142 451 -- -- 56,142 451
--------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES $944,119 $13,030 $76,651 $2,613 $1,020,770 $15,643
--------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES:
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 20,667 233 -- -- 20,667 233
PUBLIC UTILITIES 3,417 20 -- -- 3,417 20
FINANCE 204 1 -- -- 204 1
--------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES 24,288 254 -- -- 24,288 254
--------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------
TOTAL FIXED MATURITY SECURITIES $968,407 $13,284 $76,651 $2,613 $1,045,058 $15,897
========= ======= ======= ======= ========== =======
EQUITY SECURITIES $ 36,619 $ 453 $ -- $ -- $ 36,619 $ 453
========= ======= ======= ======= ========== =======
The Company believes that the analysis of each security whose price has
been below market for greater than twelve months indicated that the financial
strength, liquidity, leverage, future outlook, and the Company's ability and
intent to hold the security until recovery support the view that the security
was not other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2005. The unrealized
losses on fixed maturity securities did not exceed 17.0% on an individual
security basis and are primarily a result of rising interest rates, changes in
credit spreads and the long-dated maturities of the securities. Additionally,
all of the gross unrealized losses are associated with investment grade
securities. One equity security had an unrealized loss of approximately 37.6% or
$0.5 million at December 31, 2005, as a result of a reduction in the dividend
rate.
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby blocks of
securities, which are included in investments, are loaned to third parties,
primarily major brokerage firms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the
fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained as collateral
for the loans. No securities were loaned to third parties as of December 31,
2005 or 2004. Securities loaned transactions are accounted for as financing
arrangements on the Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated
statements of cash flow and the income and expenses associated with the program
are reported in net investment income since such transactions are entered into
for income generation purposes, not funding purposes.
76
The Company makes mortgage loans on income producing properties, such as
apartments, retail and office buildings, light warehouses and light industrial
facilities. Loan to value ratios at the time of loan approval are 75 percent or
less for domestic mortgages. The distribution of mortgage loans by property type
is as follows as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 (in thousands):
2005 2004
--------------------- ---------------------
Carrying Percentage Carrying Percentage
Value of Total Value of Total
-------- ---------- -------- ----------
Property type:
Apartment $ 49,185 7.59% $ 58,298 9.57%
Retail 150,083 23.16% 133,654 21.94%
Office building 199,095 30.72% 209,737 34.42%
Industrial 226,217 34.91% 190,518 31.27%
Other commercial 23,487 3.62% 17,085 2.80%
-------- ------ -------- ------
Total $648,067 100.00% $609,292 100.00%
======== ====== ======== ======
All of the Company's mortgage loans are amortizing loans. As of December 31,
2005 and 2004, the Company's mortgage loans were distributed as follows (in
thousands):
2005 2004
--------------------- ---------------------
Carrying Percentage Carrying Percentage
Value of Total Value of Total
-------- ---------- -------- ----------
United States:
Alabama $ 9,638 1.49% $ 9,700 1.59%
Arizona 24,506 3.78% 29,193 4.79%
California 151,191 23.34% 137,153 22.51%
Colorado 32,506 5.02% 21,527 3.53%
Connecticut 1,982 0.31% 2,021 0.33%
Florida 56,735 8.75% 50,252 8.25%
Georgia 46,088 7.11% 39,458 6.48%
Illinois 50,882 7.85% 52,478 8.61%
Indiana 10,723 1.65% 11,094 1.82%
Kansas 20,510 3.16% 21,372 3.51%
Louisiana -- --% 5,139 0.84%
Maine 9,535 1.47% 9,752 1.60%
Maryland 6,216 0.96% 10,822 1.78%
Massachusetts 12,094 1.87% 12,174 2.00%
Missouri 15,801 2.44% 12,923 2.12%
Nevada 9,646 1.49% 9,819 1.61%
New Hampshire 2,280 0.35% 2,330 0.38%
New Jersey 27,392 4.23% 20,810 3.42%
New Mexico 3,758 0.58% 3,832 0.63%
New York 9,922 1.53% 6,771 1.11%
North Carolina 18,202 2.81% 20,669 3.39%
Ohio 3,759 0.58% 3,828 0.63%
Oregon 5,615 0.87% 5,735 0.94%
Pennsylvania 4,526 0.70% -- --
Rhode Island 5,439 0.84% 5,547 0.91%
South Carolina 3,566 0.55% -- --
South Dakota 7,091 1.09% 7,221 1.19%
Texas 28,612 4.41% 23,080 3.79%
Virginia 40,584 6.26% 38,326 6.29%
Washington 18,815 2.90% 28,512 4.68%
Wisconsin 10,453 1.61% 7,754 1.27%
-------- ------ -------- ------
Total $648,067 100.00% $609,292 100.00%
======== ====== ======== ======
All mortgage loans are performing and no valuation allowance had been
established as of December 31, 2005 and 2004.
77
The maturities of the mortgage loans as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 are as
follows (in thousands):
2005 2004
-------- --------
Due one year through five years $ 90,466 $ 97,880
Due after five years 438,911 388,744
Due after ten years 118,690 122,668
-------- --------
Total $648,067 $609,292
======== ========
Policy loans comprised approximately 8.0% and 9.1% of the Company's investments
as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These policy loans present no
credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due the
ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying
policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies
determine the policy loan interest rates. Because policy loans represent
premature distributions of policy liabilities, they have the effect of reducing
future disintermediation risk. In addition, the Company earns a spread between
the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to
corresponding liabilities.
Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately 28.1% and 25.9% of the
Company's investments as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. For
agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements
written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory
reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company and
are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company's consolidated
balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company's insolvency, the Company would
need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities.
However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset
amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances with amounts owed to
the Company from the ceding company. Interest accrues to these assets at rates
defined by the treaty terms and the Company estimates the yield was
approximately 6.63%, 7.51% and 6.51% for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004
and 2003, respectively. In most cases, the Company is subject to the investment
performance on the funds withheld assets, although it does not control them. To
mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by
the ceding company and monitors compliance.
Other invested assets include equity securities, preferred stocks, limited
partnership interests and derivative contracts. Other invested assets
represented approximately 1.9% and 2.0% of the Company's investments as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. During 2005, the Company recorded
other-than temporary write-downs of $1.3 million on its investments in limited
partnerships based on losses in the underlying holdings.
Note 6 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of
the Company's financial instruments at December 31, 2005 and 2004. Fair values
have been determined by using available market information and the valuation
methodologies described below. Considerable judgment is often required in
interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the
estimates presented herein may not necessarily be indicative of amounts that
could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions
or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair
value amounts (in thousands):
2005 2004
----------------------- -----------------------
Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated
Value Fair Value Value Fair Value
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities $6,874,243 $6,874,243 $6,023,696 $6,023,696
Mortgage loans on real estate 648,067 663,743 609,292 631,970
Policy loans 987,442 987,442 957,564 957,564
Funds withheld at interest 3,459,943 3,479,230 2,734,655 2,788,237
Short-term investments 126,296 126,296 31,964 31,964
Other invested assets 235,464 235,656 207,054 201,829
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities $5,503,528 $4,904,127 $4,900,600 $4,438,784
Long-term and short-term debt 800,002 821,889 405,782 431,388
Company-obligated mandatorily
redeemable preferred securities 158,553 228,459 158,417 223,451
78
Publicly traded fixed maturity securities are valued based upon quoted market
prices. Private placement securities are valued based on the credit quality and
duration of marketable securities deemed comparable by the Company's investment
advisor, which may be of another issuer. The fair value of mortgage loans on
real estate is estimated using discounted cash flows. Policy loans typically
carry an interest rate that is tied to the crediting rate applied to the related
policy and contract reserves. The carrying value of funds withheld at interest
approximates fair value except where the funds withheld are specifically
identified in the agreement. The carrying value of short-term investments at
December 31, 2005 and 2004 approximates fair value. Common and preferred equity
investments and derivative financial instruments included in other invested
assets are reflected at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, while
limited partnership interests are carried at cost.
The fair value of the Company's interest-sensitive contract liabilities is based
on the cash surrender value of the liabilities, adjusted for recapture fees. The
fair value of the Company's long-term debt and the company-obligated mandatorily
redeemable preferred securities are estimated based on either quoted market
prices or quoted market prices for the debt of corporations with similar credit
quality.
Note 7 REINSURANCE
Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its
obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor
their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently,
allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. At December
31, 2005 and 2004, no allowances were deemed necessary. The Company regularly
evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers / retrocessionaires.
The effect of reinsurance on net premiums and amounts earned is as follows (in
thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Direct $ 3,795 $ 4,930 $ 3,966
Reinsurance assumed 4,218,033 3,644,472 2,918,488
Reinsurance ceded (355,053) (301,954) (279,291)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net premiums and amounts earned $3,866,775 $3,347,448 $2,643,163
========== ========== ==========
The effect of reinsurance on policyholder claims and other policy benefits is as
follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Direct $ 3,374 $ 4,299 $ 8,272
Reinsurance assumed 3,596,131 2,945,413 2,350,135
Reinsurance ceded (411,603) (271,175) (249,976)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net policyholder claims and benefits $3,187,902 $2,678,537 $2,108,431
========== ========== ==========
At December 31, 2005 and 2004, there were no reinsurance ceded receivables
associated with a single reinsurer with a carrying value in excess of 5% of
total assets.
The effect of reinsurance on life insurance in force is shown in the following
schedule (in millions):
Direct Assumed Ceded Net Assumed/Net %
------ ---------- -------- ---------- -------------
Life Insurance In Force:
December 31, 2005 $77 $1,736,614 $389,976 $1,346,715 128.95%
December 31, 2004 76 1,458,827 161,978 1,296,925 112.48%
December 31, 2003 75 1,252,161 254,822 997,414 125.54%
At December 31, 2005, the Company has provided approximately $1.9 billion of
statutory financial reinsurance, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, to
other insurance companies under financial reinsurance transactions to assist
ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements. Generally, such
financial reinsurance is provided by the Company committing cash or assuming
insurance liabilities, which are collateralized by future profits on the
reinsured business. The Company retrocedes the majority of the assumed financial
reinsurance. The Company earns a fee based on the amount of net outstanding
financial reinsurance.
Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, may provide for
recapture rights on the part of the ceding company. Recapture rights permit the
ceding company to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to the
reinsurer after an agreed-upon period of time, generally 10 years, or in some
cases due to changes in the financial condition or ratings of the reinsurer.
Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to
the recapture of such
79
business, but would reduce premiums in subsequent periods. Additionally, some
treaties give the ceding company the right to request the Company to place
assets in trust for their benefit to support their reserve credits, in the event
of a downgrade of the Company's ratings to specified levels. As of December 31,
2005, these treaties had approximately $388.0 million in reserves. Assets placed
in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but their use is restricted based
on the terms of the trust agreement. Securities with an amortized cost of $769.2
million were held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements for reinsurance
business for the benefit of certain subsidiaries of the Company at December 31,
2005. Additionally, securities with an amortized cost of $1,454.3 million, as of
December 31, 2005, were held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under
certain third-party reinsurance treaties. Additionally, under certain
conditions, RGA may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA subsidiary
company to another or make payments under the treaty. These conditions include
change in control of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty,
or loss of reinsurance license of such subsidiary.
Note 8 DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following reflects the amounts of policy acquisition costs deferred and
amortized (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Deferred policy acquisition costs:
Assumed $2,557,268 $2,321,731 $1,835,923
Retroceded (91,638) (95,757) (78,827)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net $2,465,630 $2,225,974 $1,757,096
========== ========== ==========
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Beginning of year $2,225,974 $1,757,096 $1,084,936
Capitalized:
Assumed 920,372 915,071 1,045,932
Retroceded (15,529) (15,296) (23,772)
Amortized:
Assumed (677,863) (406,367) (341,600)
Allocated to change in value of
embedded derivatives (6,972) (22,896) (30,665)
Retroceded 19,648 (1,634) 22,265
---------- ---------- ----------
End of year $2,465,630 $2,225,974 $1,757,096
========== ========== ==========
Some reinsurance agreements involve reimbursing the ceding company for
allowances and commissions in excess of first-year premiums. These amounts
represent acquisition costs and are capitalized to the extent deemed recoverable
from the future premiums and amortized against future profits of the business.
This type of agreement presents a risk to the extent that the business lapses
faster than originally anticipated, resulting in future profits being
insufficient to recover the Company's investment.
Note 9 INCOME TAX
The provision for income tax expense attributable to income from continuing
operations consists of the following (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Current income tax expense $ 44,583 $ 22,351 $ 27,347
Deferred income tax expense 32,815 80,764 46,313
Foreign current tax expense 34,762 8,904 2,048
Foreign deferred tax expense 8,578 11,874 17,583
-------- -------- --------
Provision for income taxes $120,738 $123,893 $ 93,291
======== ======== ========
Provision for income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying
the U.S. federal income tax statutory rate of 35% to pre-tax income as a result
of the following (in thousands):
80
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ -------- -------- -------
Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate $124,721 $129,217 $95,064
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
Foreign tax rate differing from U.S. tax rate (3,410) (1,063) (2,227)
Amounts related to audit resolution -- (1,900) --
Travel and entertainment 167 241 2
Deferred tax valuation allowance (4,739) (2,602) 556
Amounts related to tax audit contingencies 3,234 -- --
Other, net 765 -- (104)
-------- -------- -------
Total provision for income taxes $120,738 $123,893 $93,291
======== ======== =======
Total income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Income taxes from continuing operations $120,738 $123,893 $ 93,291
Tax benefit on discontinued operations (6,154) (12,410) (3,082)
Tax effect on cumulative change in
accounting principle -- (195) 293
Income tax from stockholders' equity:
Net unrealized holding gain on debt and
equity securities recognized for
financial reporting purposes 47,048 39,855 36,637
Exercise of stock options (1,566) (1,329) (2,919)
Foreign currency translation (3,238) (15,455) 28,477
-------- -------- --------
Total income taxes provided $156,828 $134,359 $152,697
======== ======== ========
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions
of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
are presented in the following tables (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 2005 2004
------------------------ ---------- --------
Deferred income tax assets:
Nondeductible accruals $ 19,651 $ 31,877
Reserve for policies and investment
income differences -- 186,454
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized
for tax 43,448 30,163
Net operating loss carryforward 570,066 169,453
Nondeductible foreign taxes 108 --
Capital loss carryforward -- 6,969
---------- --------
Subtotal 633,273 424,916
Valuation allowance (4,727) (9,466)
---------- --------
Total deferred income tax assets 628,546 415,450
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized
for financial reporting 858,693 773,055
Reserve for policies and investment
income differences 175,857 --
Differences between tax and financial
reporting amounts concerning certain
reinsurance transactions 42,690 23,579
Differences in foreign currency translation 10,169 13,407
Differences in the tax basis of cash and
invested assets 193,161 167,394
---------- --------
Total deferred income tax liabilities 1,280,570 977,435
---------- --------
Net deferred income tax liabilities $ 652,024 $561,985
========== ========
As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
of approximately $4.7 million and $9.5 million, respectively, was provided on
the net operating and capital losses of General American Argentina Seguros de
Vida,
81
S.A. and RGA South Africa Holdings. The Company utilizes valuation allowances
when it realizes, based on the weight of the available evidence, that it is more
likely than not that the deferred income taxes will not be realized. Except for
RGA International Reinsurance Company Ltd., the Company has not recognized a
deferred tax liability for the undistributed earnings of its wholly owned
foreign subsidiaries because the Company considers these earnings to be
permanently reinvested and does not expect these earnings to be repatriated in
the foreseeable future.
During 2005, 2004, and 2003, the Company received federal income tax refunds and
foreign tax credit reimbursements of approximately $32.3 million, $1.4 million
and $1.6 million, respectively. The Company made cash income tax payments of
approximately $79.3 million, $29.9 million and $8.0 million in 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Company recognized gross
deferred tax assets associated with net operating losses of approximately $1.6
billion and $458.9 million, respectively, that will expire between 2011 and
2025. However, these net operating losses are expected to be utilized in the
normal course of business during the period allowed for carryforwards and in any
event, will not be lost due to the application of tax planning strategies that
management would utilize.
The Company's U.S. tax returns have been audited by the relevant taxing
authorities for all years through 2001. The Company believes established tax
contingency reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional
assessments. Once established, reserves are adjusted as information becomes
available or when an event requiring a change to the reserve occurs. The
resolution of tax matters could have an effect on the Company's effective rate.
Note 10 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Most of the Company's U.S. employees participate in a non-contributory qualified
defined benefit pension plan sponsored by RGA Reinsurance. The benefits under
the pension plan are based on years of service and compensation levels. Certain
management individuals participate in several nonqualified defined benefit and
defined contribution plans sponsored by RGA Reinsurance. Those plans are
unfunded and are deductible for federal income tax purposes when the benefits
are paid. The projected obligation was approximately $30.9 million and $22.8
million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
The Company's full time U.S. employees may participate in a defined contribution
profit sharing plan. The plan also has a cash or deferred option under Internal
Revenue Code section 401(k). The Company's contributions, which are partially
tied to RGA's financial results and employee 401(k) contributions, were
approximately $2.3 million, $2.2 million, and $1.9 million in 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively.
The Company also provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for
retired employees. The health care benefits are provided through a self-insured
welfare benefit plan. Employees become eligible for these benefits if they meet
minimum age and service requirements. The retiree's cost for health care
benefits varies depending upon the credited years of service. The Company
recorded benefits expense of approximately $1.3 million for 2005 and $0.7
million for 2004 and 2003, related to these postretirement plans. The projected
obligation was approximately $10.2 million and $8.6 million as of December 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively.
December 31,
------------------------------------
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
----------------- ----------------
2005 2004 2005 2004
------- ------- ------- ------
(in thousands)
CHANGE IN PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year $22,845 $18,652 $ 8,583 $5,331
Service cost 2,047 1,827 598 342
Interest cost 1,589 1,274 518 331
Settlements (158) -- -- --
Participant contributions -- -- 17 15
Actuarial losses 4,873 1,395 613 2,664
Benefits paid (298) (303) (97) (100)
------- ------- ------- ------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year $30,898 $22,845 $10,232 $8,583
======= ======= ======= ======
CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS:
Contract value of plan assets at beginning of year $13,875 $ 9,839 $ -- $ --
Actual return on plan assets 834 1,319 -- --
Settlements (158) -- -- --
Employer and participant contributions 1,846 3,028 97 100
Benefits paid and expenses (320) (311) (97) (100)
------- ------- ------- ------
Contract value of plan assets at end of year $16,077 $13,875 $ -- $ --
======= ======= ======= ======
82
December 31,
--------------------------------------
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
------------------ -----------------
2005 2004 2005 2004
-------- ------- -------- ------
(in thousands)
Under funded $(14,821) $(8,970) $(10,232) $(8,583)
Unrecognized net actuarial losses 7,575 2,711 4,627 4,234
Unrecognized prior service cost 217 247 -- --
-------- ------- -------- -------
Accrued benefit cost $ (7,029) $(6,012) $ (5,605) $(4,349)
======== ======= ======== =======
Qualified plan accrued pension cost $ (1,632) $(1,121) $ -- $ --
Non-qualified plan accrued pension cost (6,199) (5,116) -- --
Intangible assets 128 108 -- --
Accumulated other comprehensive income 674 117 -- --
-------- ------- -------- -------
Accrued benefit cost $ (7,029) $(6,012) $ -- $ --
======== ======= ======== =======
The aggregate projected benefit obligation and aggregate contract value of plan
assets for the pension plans were as follows as of December 31, 2005 and 2004
(in thousands):
2005 2004
--------------------- ---------------------
Non- Non-
Qualified Qualified Qualified Qualified
Plan Plan Plan Plan
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Aggregate projected benefit obligation $(22,000) $(8,898) $(17,881) $(4,964)
Aggregate contract value of plan assets 16,077 -- 13,875 --
-------- ------- -------- -------
Underfunded $ (5,923) $(8,898) $ (4,006) $(4,964)
======== ======= ======== =======
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 17,708 $ 6,047 $ 14,344 $ 4,070
======== ======= ======== =======
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the accumulated benefit
obligation and net benefit cost or income for the year ended December 31:
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
---------------- --------------
2005 2004 2005 2004
---- ---- ---- ----
Discount rate 5.75% 6.00% 5.75% 6.00%
Expected rate of return on plan assets 8.50% 8.50% -- --
Rate of compensation increase 4.25% 4.25% -- --
The assumed health care cost trend rates used in measuring the accumulated
non-pension post-retirement benefit obligation were as follows:
December 31,
-----------------------------------------------
2005 2004
---------------------- ----------------------
Pre-Medicare eligible claims 11% down to 5% in 2012 12% down to 5% in 2012
Medicare eligible claims 11% down to 5% in 2012 12% down to 5% in 2012
Assumed health care cost trend rates may have a significant effect on the
amounts reported for health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed
health care cost trend rates would have the following effects (in thousands):
One Percent Increase One Percent Decrease
-------------------- --------------------
Effect on total of service
and interest cost components $ 302 $ (225)
Effect on accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation $2,340 $(1,780)
83
The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows (in thousands):
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
-------------------------- --------------------
2005 2004 2003 2005 2004 2003
------- ------- ------ ------ ---- ----
Service cost $ 2,047 $ 1,827 $1,473 $ 598 $342 $314
Interest cost 1,589 1,274 1,052 518 331 303
Expected return on plan assets (1,156) (1,000) (643) -- -- --
Amortization of prior actuarial losses 353 133 141 221 58 60
Amortization of prior service cost 30 30 30 -- -- --
------- ------- ------ ------ ---- ----
Net periodic benefit cost $ 2,863 $ 2,264 $2,053 $1,337 $731 $677
======= ======= ====== ====== ==== ====
The Company expects to contribute $3.8 million in pension benefits and $0.1
million in other benefits during 2006.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service as
appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands):
Pension Other
Benefits Benefits
-------- --------
2006 $ 2,087 $ 136
2007 1,828 165
2008 1,929 197
2009 2,538 227
2010 2,456 265
2011-2015 16,773 1,974
Results for the Pension and Other Benefits Plans are measured at December 31 for
each year presented.
Allocation of the Pension Plan's total plan fair value by asset type:
2005 2004
---- ----
ASSET CATEGORY:
Equity securities 75% 76%
Debt securities 25% 24%
--- ---
Total 100% 100%
=== ===
2006 target range of allocation by asset type of the Pension Plan's total plan
fair value on a weighted average basis:
ASSET CATEGORY:
Equity securities 75%
Debt securities 25%
---
Total 100%
===
Target allocations of assets are determined with the objective of maximizing
returns and minimizing volatility of net assets through adequate asset
diversification and partial liability immunization. Adjustments are made to
target allocations based on the Company's assessment of the effect of economic
factors and market conditions.
Note 11 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
General American and MetLife have historically provided certain administrative
services to RGA and RGA Reinsurance. Such services include risk management and
corporate travel. The cost for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
was approximately $1.7 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Management does not believe that the various amounts charged for these services
would be materially different if they had been incurred from an unrelated third
party.
RGA Reinsurance also has a product license and service agreement with MetLife.
Under this agreement, RGA has licensed the use of its electronic underwriting
product to MetLife and provides Internet hosting services, installation and
modification services for the product. The Company recorded revenue under the
agreement for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004
84
and 2003 of approximately $1.6 million, $3.5 million and $3.2 million,
respectively.
The Company also has arms-length direct policies and reinsurance agreements with
MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2005, the Company
had reinsurance related assets and liabilities from these agreements totaling
$226.9 million and $281.0 million, respectively. Prior-year comparable assets
and liabilities were $143.2 million and $173.3 million, respectively.
Additionally, the Company reflected net premiums of approximately $226.7
million, $164.4 million and $157.9 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The premiums reflect the net of business assumed from and ceded to MetLife and
its subsidiaries. The pre-tax gain on this business was approximately $14.7
million, $36.5 million and $19.4 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Note 12 LEASE COMMITMENTS
The Company leases office space and furniture and equipment under non-cancelable
operating lease agreements, which expire at various dates. Future minimum office
space annual rentals under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2005
are as follows:
2006 $ 6.9 million
2007 5.6 million
2008 4.7 million
2009 4.3 million
2010 2.9 million
Thereafter 12.7 million
The amounts above are net of expected sublease income of approximately $0.4
million annually through 2010. Rent expenses amounted to approximately $8.0
million, $8.0 million and $6.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2005,
2004 and 2003, respectively.
Note 13 FINANCIAL CONDITION AND NET INCOME ON A STATUTORY BASIS -
SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES
The following table presents selected statutory financial information for the
Company's primary life reinsurance legal entities, as of or for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003 (in thousands):
Statutory Statutory
Capital & Surplus Net Income (Loss)
--------------------- ------------------------------
2005 2004 2005 2004 2003
---------- -------- -------- -------- --------
RCM $1,007,351 $887,694 $(90,070) $ 6,768 $ 3,883
RGA Reinsurance $ 975,110 $869,443 $(62,759) $117,378 $(73,285)
RGA Canada $ 346,065 $276,863 $ (5,084) $ 10,204 $ 18,231
RGA Barbados $ 165,461 $138,864 $ 31,034 $ 16,203 $ 19,380
RGA Americas $ 228,071 $200,683 $ 37,738 $ 40,012 $ 43,796
Other reinsurance subsidiaries $ 219,952 $167,828 $ 12,002 $ 7,811 $(21,697)
The total capital and surplus positions of RCM, RGA Reinsurance and RGA Canada
exceed the risk-based capital requirements of the applicable regulatory bodies.
RCM and RGA Reinsurance are subject to Missouri statutory provisions that
restrict the payment of dividends. They may not pay dividends in any 12-month
period in excess of the greater of the prior year's statutory operating income
or 10% of capital and surplus at the preceding year-end, without regulatory
approval. The applicable statutory provisions only permit an insurer to pay a
shareholder dividend from unassigned surplus. Any dividends paid by RGA
Reinsurance would be paid to RCM, its parent company, which in turn has
restrictions related to its ability to pay dividends to RGA. The assets of RCM
consist primarily of its investment in RGA Reinsurance. As of January 1, 2006,
RCM and RGA Reinsurance could pay maximum dividends, without prior approval, of
approximately $41.4 million and $97.5 million, respectively. Dividend payments
by other subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the jurisdiction of
domicile.
85
Note 14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The Company has commitments to fund investments in limited partnerships in the
amount of $31.1 million at December 31, 2005. The Company anticipates that the
majority of these amounts will be invested over the next five years, however,
contractually these commitments could become due at the request of the
counterparties. Investments in limited partnerships are carried at cost and
included in other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that involve its
discontinued accident and health business, including personal accident business
(including London market excess of loss business) and workers' compensation
carve-out business. The Company is also party to one pending and one threatened
arbitration related to its life reinsurance business. In addition, the Company
has been joined in a suit filed against one of its ceding companies alleging
wrongful denial of a life insurance claim. As of January 31, 2006, the parties
involved in these actions have raised claims, or established reserves that may
result in claims, in the amount of $31.5 million, which is $27.6 million in
excess of the amounts held in reserve by the Company. The Company generally has
little information regarding any reserves established by the ceding companies,
and must rely on management estimates to establish policy claim liabilities. It
is possible that any such reserves could be increased in the future. The Company
believes it has substantial defenses upon which to contest these claims,
including but not limited to misrepresentation and breach of contract by direct
and indirect ceding companies. See Note 20, "Discontinued Operations" for more
information. Additionally, from time to time, the Company is subject to
litigation related to employment-related matters in the normal course of its
business. While it is difficult to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of
the pending litigation or arbitrations or provide useful ranges of potential
losses, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, that
their outcomes, after consideration of the provisions made in the Company's
consolidated financial statements, would not have a material adverse effect on
its consolidated financial position. However, it is possible that an adverse
outcome could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the
Company's consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
The Company has reinsured privately-owned pension funds that were formed as
a result of reform and privatization of Argentina's social security system. The
Company ceased renewal of reinsurance treaties associated with privatized
pension contracts in Argentina during 2001 because of adverse experience on this
business, as several aspects of the pension fund claims flow did not develop as
was contemplated when the reinsurance programs were initially priced. Since
2001, the Company has pursued various courses of action to reduce and eliminate
its obligations associated with the reinsurance of Argentine pension accounts.
The Company's actions have resulted in one AFJP ceding company demanding
arbitration and could result in other litigation or arbitrations in the future.
However, as of January 2006, the Company had commuted about 95% of its
obligations associated with the AFJP business and is in discussions with the
remaining clients regarding settlement of all obligations under the remaining
treaties. Therefore, the risk of litigation or arbitrations in the future has
significantly declined. While it is not feasible to predict or determine the
ultimate outcome of any such future litigations or arbitrations or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses, it is the opinion of management, after
consultation with counsel, that their outcomes, after consideration of the
provisions made in the Company's consolidated financial statements, would not
have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position.
The Company has obtained letters of credit, issued by banks, in favor of various
affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes
business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the
reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve
credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant
restrictions similar to those described in the Debt and Preferred Securities
discussion above. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, there were approximately $17.4
million and $32.6 million, respectively, of outstanding bank letters of credit
in favor of third parties. Additionally, the Company utilizes letters of credit
to secure reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its offshore
subsidiaries, including RGA Americas, RGA Barbados and RGA Worldwide. The
Company cedes business to its offshore affiliates to help reduce the amount of
regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions such as the U.S. and the
United Kingdom. The capital required to support the business in the offshore
affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction
of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite
conservative. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, $439.8 million and $370.5
million, respectively, in letters of credit from various banks were outstanding
between the various subsidiaries of the Company. During the third quarter of
2005, the Company entered into a five-year, syndicated credit facility with an
overall capacity of $600.0 million. The amount of the overall capacity available
for issuance of letters of credit is reduced by any cash borrowings, up to
$300.0 million, made by the Company against this credit facility. At December
31, 2005, there were $320.0 million letters of credit outstanding against this
credit facility, which is included in the total above. Applicable letter of
credit fees and fees payable for the credit facility depend upon the Company's
senior unsecured long-term debt rating. Fees associated with the Company's other
letters of credit are not fixed for periods in excess of one year and are based
on the Company's ratings and the general availability of these instruments in
the marketplace.
86
RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries'
performance for the payment of amounts due under certain credit facilities,
reinsurance treaties and an office lease obligation, whereby if a subsidiary
fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a
payment to fulfill the obligation. In limited circumstances, treaty guarantees
are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security,
particularly in cases where RGA's subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not
of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by
the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts
due from the guaranteed party, totaled $256.2 million and $285.4 million as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and are reflected on the Company's
consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed
amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and
underwriting results. Guarantees related to trust preferred securities and
credit facilities provide additional security to third party banks should a
subsidiary fail to make principal and/or interest payments when due. As of
December 31, 2005, RGA's exposure related to these guarantees was $184.2
million. RGA has issued a guarantee on behalf of a subsidiary in the event the
subsidiary fails to make payment under its office lease obligation, the exposure
of which was insignificant as of December 31, 2005.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in
its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to
limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this
indemnity in the future.
Note 15 DEBT AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
The Company's long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
2005 2004
------- ------
$400 million 6.75% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2065 $ 398.6 $ --
$200 million 6.75% Senior Notes due 2011 199.9 199.9
$100 million 7.25% Senior Notes due 2006 100.0 99.8
Revolving Credit Facilities 101.5 106.1
------- ------
Total Debt 800.0 405.8
Less portion due in less than one year (short-term debt) (125.6) (56.1)
------- ------
Long-term debt $ 674.4 $349.7
======= ======
$225.0 million 5.75% Preferred Securities due 2051 $ 158.6 $158.4
======= ======
On December 8, 2005, RGA issued Junior Subordinated Debentures with a face
amount of $400.0 million. Interest is payable semi-annually and is fixed at
6.75% per year until December 15, 2015. From December 15, 2015 until December
15, 2065, interest on the debentures will accrue at an annual rate of 3-month
LIBOR plus a margin equal to 266.5 basis points, payable quarterly. The Company
has the option to defer interest payments, subject to certain limitations. In
addition, interest payments are mandatorily deferred if the Company does not
meet specified capital adequacy, net income and shareholders' equity levels.
Upon an optional or mandatory deferral, the Company is not permitted to pay
common-stock dividends or make payments of interest or principal on securities
which rank equal or junior to the subordinated debentures, until the accrued and
unpaid interest on the subordinated debentures is paid. The subordinated
debentures are redeemable at the Company's option. The net proceeds from the
offering were approximately $394.6 million, a portion of which was used to
purchase $75.9 million of the Company's common stock under an ASR agreement with
a financial counterparty. RGA intends to use a portion of the net proceeds from
the sale of these debentures to repay approximately $100.0 million of its 7.25%
senior notes when they mature on April 1, 2006. Capitalized issue costs were
approximately $5.5 million.
The Company has three revolving credit facilities under which it may borrow up
to approximately $351.5 million. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had drawn
approximately $101.5 million under these facilities. During 2005, the interest
rates on these facilities ranged from 3.47% to 6.58% during the year. The
Company may draw up to $300.0 million in cash on its revolving credit facility
that expires in September 2010. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had $50.0
million outstanding under this facility. Terminations of revolving credit
facilities and maturities of senior notes over the next five years total $125.6
million in 2006, $25.8 million in 2007 and $50.0 million in 2010.
Certain of the Company's debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions
related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of
restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of consolidated net worth, maximum
ratios of debt to capitalization, change of control provisions, and minimum
rating requirements. A material ongoing covenant default could
87
require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the
various agreements. Additionally, the Company's debt agreements contain
cross-default covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately
payable in the event of a material uncured covenant default under any of the
agreements, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due
for amounts greater than $10 million or $25 million depending on the agreement,
bankruptcy proceedings, and any other event which results in the acceleration of
the maturity of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had $800.0
million in outstanding borrowings under its debt agreements and was in
compliance with all covenants under those agreements. The ability of the Company
to make debt principal and interest payments depends on the earnings and surplus
of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, and the
Company's ability to raise additional funds.
RGA guarantees the payment of amounts outstanding under the credit facility
maintained by its subsidiary operation in Australia. The total amount of debt
outstanding, subject to the guarantee, as of December 31, 2005 was $25.6 million
and is reflected on the Company's consolidated balance sheet under short-term
debt.
In December 2001, RGA, through its wholly-owned trust, RGA Capital Trust I,
issued $225.0 million face amount in Preferred Securities due 2051 at a
discounted value of $158.1 million. RGA fully and unconditionally guarantees, on
a subordinated basis, the obligations of the Trust under the Preferred
Securities.
Note 16 SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has five main operational segments, each of which is a distinct
reportable segment: U.S., Canada, Europe & South Africa, Asia Pacific and
Corporate and Other. The U.S. operations provide traditional life,
asset-intensive, and financial reinsurance to domestic clients. Asset-intensive
products primarily include reinsurance of corporate-owned life insurance and
annuities. The Canada operations provide insurers with reinsurance of
traditional life products as well as reinsurance of critical illness products.
Asia Pacific operations provide primarily traditional life reinsurance, critical
illness and, to a lesser extent, financial reinsurance through RGA Australia and
RGA Reinsurance. Europe & South Africa operations include traditional life
reinsurance and critical illness business from Europe & South Africa, in
addition to other markets being developed by the Company. The Company's
discontinued accident and health operations are not reflected in the continuing
operations of the Company. The Company measures segment performance based on
income or loss before income taxes.
Effective January 1, 2003, as a result of the Company's declining presence in
Argentina and changes in management responsibilities for part of the Latin
America region, Latin America results relating to the Argentine privatized
pension business as well as direct insurance operations in Argentina are
reported in the Corporate and Other segment. The results for all other Latin
America business, primarily traditional reinsurance business in Mexico, are
reported as part of the Europe & South Africa segment.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Note 2. The Company measures
segment performance primarily based on profit or loss from operations before
income taxes. There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions and the Company
does not have any material long-lived assets. Investment income is allocated to
the segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed
appropriate to support the segment business volumes.
The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that are
primarily segregated by geographic region. Information related to revenues,
income (loss) before income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and
amortization, and assets of the Company's continuing operations are summarized
below (in thousands).
For the Years ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
-------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Revenues:
U.S $2,944,026 $2,718,722 $2,221,875
Canada 468,227 365,533 315,161
Europe & South Africa 563,133 490,326 373,138
Asia Pacific 568,652 421,026 270,132
Corporate and Other 40,727 43,312 24,692
---------- ---------- ----------
Total from continuing operations $4,584,765 $4,038,919 $3,204,998
========== ========== ==========
88
For the Years ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
-------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes:
U.S. $269,161 $289,924 $216,088
Canada 87,978 73,485 59,564
Europe & South Africa 35,375 31,682 20,272
Asia Pacific 40,366 12,605 19,262
Corporate and Other (76,534) (38,503) (43,576)
-------- -------- --------
Total from continuing operations $356,346 $369,193 $271,610
======== ======== ========
For the Years ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
-------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Interest expense:
Europe & South Africa $ 1,599 $ 1,336 $ 1,043
Asia Pacific 1,679 1,614 1,096
Corporate and Other 38,150 35,487 34,650
------- ------- -------
Total from continuing operations $41,428 $38,437 $36,789
======= ======= =======
For the Years ended December 31, 2005 2004 2003
-------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
Depreciation and amortization:
U.S. $483,125 $374,470 $310,548
Canada 56,396 24,824 9,315
Europe & South Africa 188,975 114,112 85,657
Asia Pacific 106,192 54,653 39,723
Corporate and Other 8,533 3,381 1,981
-------- -------- --------
Total from continuing operations $843,221 $571,440 $447,224
======== ======== ========
The table above includes amortization of deferred acquisition costs and the DAC
offset to the change in value of embedded derivatives related to Issue B36.
As of December 31, 2005 2004
------------------ ----------- -----------
Assets:
U.S $11,156,718 $ 9,535,297
Canada 3,045,003 2,459,845
Europe & South Africa 613,919 706,643
Asia Pacific 998,788 696,613
Corporate and Other and
discontinued operations 379,438 649,731
----------- -----------
Total assets $16,193,866 $14,048,129
=========== ===========
Companies in which RGA has an ownership position greater than twenty percent,
but less than or equal to fifty percent, are reported on the equity basis of
accounting. The equity in the net income of such subsidiaries is not material to
the results of operations or financial position of individual segments or the
Company taken as a whole.
Capital expenditures of each reporting segment were immaterial in the periods
noted.
During 2005, two clients generated $143.5 million or 35.3% of gross premiums for
the Canada operations. Three clients of the Company's United Kingdom operations
generated approximately $337.7 million, or 57.1% of the total gross premiums for
the Europe & South Africa operations. Five clients, four in Australia and one in
Japan, generated approximately $208.9 million, or 36.7% of the total gross
premiums for the Asia Pacific operations.
Note 17 EQUITY BASED COMPENSATION
The Company adopted the RGA Flexible Stock Plan (the "Plan") in February 1993
and the Flexible Stock Plan for Directors (the "Directors Plan") in January 1997
(collectively, the "Stock Plans"). The Stock Plans provide for the award of
benefits (collectively "Benefits") of various types, including stock options,
stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock,
89
performance shares, cash awards, and other stock-based awards, to key employees,
officers, directors and others performing significant services for the benefit
of the Company or its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2005, shares authorized
for the granting of Benefits under the Plan and the Directors Plan totaled
6,260,077 and 212,500, respectively.
In general, options granted under the Plan become exercisable over vesting
periods ranging from one to eight years while options granted under the
Directors Plan become exercisable after one year. Options are generally granted
with an exercise price equal to the stock's fair value at the date of grant and
expire 10 years after the date of grant. Information with respect to option
grants under the Stock Plans follows.
2005 2004 2003
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
Options price Options price Options price
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Balance at beginning of year 2,737,036 $29.85 2,728,317 $28.31 2,692,752 $26.35
Granted 292,981 $47.45 309,398 $39.61 735,654 $27.29
Exercised (224,923) $26.97 (274,179) $25.32 (627,822) $18.51
Forfeited (6,334) $36.59 (26,500) $32.16 (72,267) $30.17
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of year 2,798,760 $31.90 2,737,036 $29.85 2,728,317 $28.31
========= ====== ========= ====== ========= ======
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
Weighted-Average
Outstanding as of Remaining Contractual Weighted-Average Exercisable as of Weighted-Average
Range of Exercise Prices 12/31/2005 Life Exercise Price 12/31/2005 Exercise Price
------------------------ ----------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------
$0.00 - $24.99 351,848 3.2 $22.49 351,848 $22.49
$25.00 - $29.99 1,151,668 5.7 $28.11 653,345 $28.38
$30.00 - $34.99 488,891 5.7 $31.90 289,861 $31.90
$35.00 - $39.99 515,056 5.8 $38.03 290,664 $36.82
$45.00 - $49.99 291,297 9.0 $47.45 -- $ --
--------- ---------
Totals 2,798,760 5.8 $31.90 1,585,718 $29.26
========= === ====== ========= ======
The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during 2005,
2004 and 2003 was $17.35, $12.81 and $9.51 on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions: 2005-expected dividend yield of 0.76%, risk-free interest rate of
3.86%, expected life of 6.0 years, and an expected rate of volatility of the
stock of 33.4% over the expected life of the options; 2004-expected dividend
yield of 0.61%, risk-free interest rate of 3.30%, expected life of 6.0 years,
and an expected rate of volatility of the stock of 28.7% over the expected life
of the options; and 2003-expected dividend yield of 0.95%, risk-free interest
rate of 2.79%, expected life of 6.0 years, and an expected rate of volatility of
the stock of 35.0% over the expected life of the options.
In general, restrictions lapse on restricted stock awards at the end of a three-
or ten-year vesting period. Restricted stock awarded under the plan generally
has no strike price and is included in the Company's shares outstanding. During
2005, the Company awarded 5,450 shares of restricted stock that vest over a
three-year holding period.
During 2005 and 2004, the Company also issued 126,305 and 128,693 of performance
contingent units ("PCUs") to key employees at a weighted average fair value of
$47.45 and $39.61, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, 125,594 PCUs and
124,365 PCUs were outstanding from the 2005 and 2004 grants, respectively. Each
PCU represents the right to receive from zero to two shares of Company common
stock depending on the results of certain performance measures over a three-year
period.
Prior to January 1, 2003, the Company applied APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting
for its Stock Plans and, accordingly, no compensation cost was recognized for
its stock options in the consolidated financial statements. For grants from 2003
through 2005, the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value
at the grant date for its stock options using the "prospective" approach under
FASB Statement No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation -- Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No.
123." Beginning January 1, 2006, the Company was required to use the "modified
prospective" method for recording compensation expense in accordance with
90
SFAS 123(r), a revision of SFAS 123. The modified prospective approach will
require compensation cost on all unvested options to be recorded in the income
statement over its remaining vesting period, regardless of when the options were
granted. Had the Company realized compensation expense based on the fair value
at the grant date for all stock grants, the Company's net income and earnings
per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below. The
effects of applying SFAS No. 123(r) will increase compensation cost in 2006 as
the Company will expense the unvested portion of options granted in 2002, which
were previously not expensed under APB Opinion No. 25.
2005 2004 2003
-------- -------- --------
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income as reported $224,180 $221,891 $173,141
Add: Stock-based employee compensation
expense included in reported net
income, net of related tax effects 4,348 2,534 1,087
Deduct: Total stock-based employee
compensation expense determined
under fair value based method
for all awards, net of related
tax effects 5,974 4,454 3,040
-------- -------- --------
Pro forma net income $222,554 $219,971 $171,188
======== ======== ========
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- -----
(in whole dollars)
Net income per share:
Basic - as reported $3.58 $3.56 $3.37
Basic - pro forma $3.56 $3.53 $3.34
Diluted - as reported $3.52 $3.52 $3.36
Diluted - pro forma $3.49 $3.49 $3.32
In February 2006, the Board approved an incentive compensation package including
335,012 incentive stock options at $47.48 per share and 143,374 PCUs under the
Plan. In addition, non-employee directors received 4,800 shares of common stock
under the Directors Plan.
Note 18 EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per
share from continuing operations (in thousands, except per share information):
2005 2004 2003
-------- -------- --------
Earnings:
Income from continuing operations
(numerator for basic and diluted
calculations) $235,608 $245,300 $178,319
Shares:
Weighted average outstanding shares
(denominator for basic calculation) 62,545 62,309 51,318
Equivalent shares from outstanding stock
options and warrants 1,179 655 280
-------- -------- --------
Diluted shares (denominator for diluted
calculation) 63,724 62,964 51,598
Earnings per share from continuing operations:
Basic $ 3.77 $ 3.94 $ 3.47
Diluted $ 3.70 $ 3.90 $ 3.46
======== ======== ========
The calculation of equivalent shares from outstanding stock options does not
include the effect of options having a strike price that exceeds the average
stock price for the earnings period, as the result would be antidilutive.
Approximately 0.3 million outstanding stock options were not included in the
calculation of common equivalent shares during 2005. All outstanding options
were included in the calculation during 2004, while approximately 0.3 million
outstanding stock options
91
were not included in the calculation of common equivalent shares during 2003.
Diluted earnings per share also exclude the antidilutive effect in 2003 of 5.6
million shares that would be issued upon exercise of the outstanding warrants
associated with the PIERS units, as the Company could have repurchased more
shares than it would have issued with the exercise proceeds.
Note 19 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following table presents the components of the Company's accumulated other
comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 (in
thousands):
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005: BEFORE-TAX AMOUNT TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT AFTER-TAX AMOUNT
------------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------- ----------------
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Change arising during year $(11,802) $ 3,238 $ (8,564)
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized net holding gains arising
during the year 177,772 (47,701) 130,071
Less: Reclassification adjustment for
net gains realized in net income 13,590 (659) 12,931
-------- -------- --------
Net unrealized gains 164,182 (47,042) 117,140
-------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive income $152,380 $(43,804) $108,576
======== ======== ========
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004: BEFORE-TAX AMOUNT TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT AFTER-TAX AMOUNT
------------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------- ----------------
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Change arising during year $ 24,635 $ 15,455 $ 40,090
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized net holding gains arising
during the year 143,280 (47,219) 96,061
Less: Reclassification adjustment for
net gains realized in net income 29,473 (7,429) 22,044
-------- -------- --------
Net unrealized gains 113,807 (39,790) 74,017
-------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive income $138,442 $(24,335) $114,107
======== ======== ========
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 BEFORE-TAX AMOUNT TAX EXPENSE AFTER-TAX AMOUNT
------------------------------------ ----------------- ----------- ----------------
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Change arising during year $ 81,363 $(28,477) $ 52,886
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized net holding gains arising
during the year 109,887 (38,176) 71,711
Less: Reclassification adjustment for
net gains realized in net income 5,360 (1,539) 3,821
-------- -------- --------
Net unrealized gains 104,527 (36,637) 67,890
-------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive income $185,890 $(65,114) $120,776
======== ======== ========
92
A summary of the components of net unrealized appreciation of balances carried
at fair value is as follows (in thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Change in net unrealized appreciation on:
Fixed maturity securities available-
for-sale $153,440 $112,419 $105,562
Other investments (3,949) 31 5,715
Effect of unrealized appreciation on:
Deferred policy acquisition costs 14,676 1,373 (6,750)
Other 15 (16) --
-------- -------- --------
Net unrealized appreciation $164,182 $113,807 $104,527
======== ======== ========
Note 20 DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Since December 31, 1998, the Company has formally reported its accident and
health division as a discontinued operation. The accident and health business
was placed into run-off, and all treaties were terminated at the earliest
possible date. Notice was given to all cedants and retrocessionaires that all
treaties were being cancelled at the expiration of their terms. If a treaty was
continuous, a written Preliminary Notice of Cancellation was given, followed by
a final notice within 90 days of the expiration date. The nature of the
underlying risks is such that the claims may take several years to reach the
reinsurers involved. Thus, the Company expects to pay claims over a number of
years as the level of business diminishes. The Company will report a loss to the
extent claims exceed established reserves.
At the time it was accepting accident and health risks, the Company directly
underwrote certain business provided by brokers using its own staff of
underwriters. Additionally, it participated in pools of risks underwritten by
outside managing general underwriters, and offered high level common account and
catastrophic protection coverages to other reinsurers and retrocessionaires.
Types of risks covered included a variety of medical, disability, workers'
compensation carve-out, personal accident, and similar coverages.
The reinsurance markets for several accident and health risks, most notably
involving workers' compensation carve-out and personal accident business, have
been quite volatile over the past several years. Certain programs are alleged to
have been inappropriately underwritten by third party managers, and some of the
reinsurers and retrocessionaires involved have alleged material
misrepresentation and non-disclosures by the underwriting managers. In
particular, over the past several years a number of disputes have arisen in the
accident and health reinsurance markets with respect to London market personal
accident excess of loss ("LMX") reinsurance programs that involved alleged
"manufactured" claims spirals designed to transfer claims losses to higher-level
reinsurance layers. The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that
involve some of these LMX reinsurance programs. Additionally, while RGA did not
underwrite workers' compensation carve-out business directly, it did offer
certain indirect high-level common account coverages to other reinsurers and
retrocessionaires, which could result in exposure to workers' compensation
carve-out risks. The Company and other involved reinsurers and retrocessionaires
have raised substantial defenses upon which to contest claims arising from these
coverages, including defenses based upon the failure of the ceding company to
disclose the existence of manufactured claims spirals, inappropriate or
unauthorized underwriting procedures and other defenses. As a result, there have
been a significant number of claims for rescission, arbitration, and litigation
among a number of the parties involved in these various coverages. This has had
the effect of significantly slowing the reporting of claims between parties, as
the various outcomes of a series of arbitrations and similar actions affects the
extent to which higher level reinsurers and retrocessionaires may ultimately
have exposure to claims.
The Company is currently a party to three arbitrations that involve personal
accident business as mentioned above. As of January 31, 2006, the companies
involved in these actions have raised claims, or established reserves that may
result in claims, that are $23.5 million in excess of the amounts held in
reserve by the Company. The Company generally has little information regarding
any reserves established by ceding companies, and must rely on management
estimates to establish policy claim liabilities. It is possible that any such
reserves could be increased in the future. The Company believes it has
substantial defenses upon which to contest these claims, including but not
limited to misrepresentation and breach of contract by direct and indirect
ceding companies. While it is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate
outcome of the pending litigation or arbitrations or provide reasonable ranges
of potential losses, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with
counsel, that their outcomes, after consideration of the provisions made in the
Company's consolidated financial statements, would not have a material adverse
effect on its consolidated financial position. However, it is possible that an
93
adverse outcome could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the
Company's consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
The loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes,
decreased to $11.4 million in 2005 from $23.0 million in 2004. The decrease in
loss in 2005 is due primarily to a $24.0 million, pretax, negotiated settlement
of all disputed claims associated with the Company's largest identified accident
and health exposure during 2004.
The calculation of the claim reserve liability for the entire portfolio of
accident and health business requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported claim reserve levels. Management must make
estimates and assumptions based on historical loss experience, changes in the
nature of the business, anticipated outcomes of claim disputes and claims for
rescission, anticipated outcomes of arbitrations, and projected future premium
run-off, all of which may affect the level of the claim reserve liability. Due
to the significant uncertainty associated with the run-off of this business, net
income in future periods could be affected positively or negatively. The
consolidated statements of income for all periods presented reflect this line of
business as a discontinued operation. Revenues associated with discontinued
operations, which are not reported on a gross basis in the Company's
consolidated statements of income, totaled $2.5 million, $1.4 million, and $4.8
million for 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively.
94
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
St. Louis, Missouri
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Reinsurance
Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December
31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income,
stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2005. Our audits also included the financial statement
schedules listed in the Index at Item 15. These consolidated financial
statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Reinsurance Group of America,
Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such
financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in a all
material respects the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 2, the Company changed its method of accounting for
certain non-traditional long duration contracts and separate accounts, and for
embedded derivatives in certain insurance products as required by new accounting
guidance which became effective on January 1, 2004 and October 1, 2003,
respectively, and recorded the effect as cumulative effects of changes in
accounting principles.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005,
based on the criteria established in Internal Control--Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
and our report dated February 27, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion on
management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control
over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 27, 2006
95
Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2005 First Second Third Fourth
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Revenues from continuing operations $1,096,216 $1,091,332 $1,158,417 $1,238,800
Revenues from discontinued operations $ 354 $ (500) $ 328 $ 2,332
Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 100,535 $ 32,609 $ 113,562 $ 109,640
Income from continuing operations $ 67,264 $ 25,160 $ 73,519 $ 69,665
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations,
net of income taxes (707) (3,343) (5,890) (1,488)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net
of income taxes -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 66,557 $ 21,817 $ 67,629 $ 68,177
Total outstanding common shares - end of period 62,614 62,639 62,641 61,076
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE
Continuing operations $ 1.08 $ 0.40 $ 1.17 $ 1.12
Discontinued operations (0.02) (0.05) (0.09) (0.03)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 1.06 $ 0.35 $ 1.08 $ 1.09
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE
Continuing operations $ 1.05 $ 0.39 $ 1.15 $ 1.09
Discontinued operations (0.01) (0.05) (0.09) (0.02)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income $ 1.04 $ 0.34 $ 1.06 $ 1.07
Dividends declared per share $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09
Market price of common stock
Quarter end $ 42.58 $ 46.51 $ 44.70 $ 47.76
Common stock price, high 48.73 46.62 47.99 48.21
Common stock price, low 42.46 41.52 40.76 42.48
2004 First Second Third Fourth
---- -------- -------- -------- ----------
Revenues from continuing operations (1) $979,222 $976,415 $959,464 $1,123,818
Revenues from discontinued operations $ 1,310 $ 341 $ (690) $ 481
Income from continuing operations before income taxes (1) $ 94,815 $105,393 $ 89,106 $ 79,879
Income from continuing operations $ 62,994 $ 68,390 $ 57,999 $ 55,917
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations,
net of income taxes (894) (3,053) (18,604) (497)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net
of income taxes (361) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Net income $ 61,739 $ 65,337 $ 39,395 $ 55,420
Total outstanding common shares - end of period 62,246 62,314 62,361 62,445
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE
Continuing operations $ 1.01 $ 1.10 $ 0.93 $ 0.90
Discontinued operations (0.01) (0.05) (0.30) (0.01)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (0.01) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Net income $ 0.99 $ 1.05 $ 0.63 $ 0.89
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE
Continuing operations $ 1.00 $ 1.09 $ 0.92 $ 0.88
Discontinued operations (0.01) (0.05) (0.29) (0.01)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (0.01) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Net income $ 0.98 $ 1.04 $ 0.63 $ 0.87
Dividends per share on common stock $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.09
Market price of common stock
Quarter end $ 40.97 $ 40.65 $ 41.20 $ 48.45
Common stock price, high 41.30 42.27 41.68 48.65
Common stock price, low 37.65 36.40 39.28 40.17
(1) Revenues for the first and second quarters of 2004 differ from amounts
included in the Company's respective Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed
during 2004 due to a change in presentation related to Issue B36.
Approximately $4,200 and $13,293 of DAC offsets were netted against "Change
in value of embedded derivatives" within revenues in the first and second
quarters, respectively, but were reclassed to "Change in deferred
acquisition costs associated with change in value of embedded derivatives"
within expenses beginning in the third quarter.
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated common stock is traded on the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol "RGA". There were 76 stockholders of
record of RGA's common stock on January 31, 2006.
96
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated
the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure
controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end
of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief
Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these
disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial
reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended
December 31, 2005, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
MANAGEMENT'S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries
(collectively, the "Company") is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. In fulfilling this
responsibility, estimates and judgments by management are required to assess the
expected benefits and related costs of control procedures. The objectives of
internal control include providing management with reasonable, but not absolute,
assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or
disposition, and that transactions are executed in accordance with management's
authorization and recorded properly to permit the preparation of consolidated
financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America.
Financial management has documented and evaluated the effectiveness of the
internal control of the Company as of December 31, 2005 pertaining to financial
reporting in accordance with the criteria established in "Internal Control -
Integrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission.
In the opinion of management, the Company maintained effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm,
has issued an attestation report on management's assessment of the Company's
internal control over financial reporting and on the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting.
97
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
St. Louis, Missouri
We have audited management's assessment, included in management's annual
report on internal control over financial reporting, that Reinsurance Group of
America, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company") maintained effective
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on
criteria established in Internal Control--Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's
management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over
financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
management's assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal
control over financial reporting, evaluating management's assessment, testing
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinions.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed
by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal
financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the
company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial
reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management
override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be
prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of
the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future
periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or
procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, management's assessment that the Company maintained
effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, is
fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in
Internal Control--Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Also in our opinion, the Company
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on the criteria established in Internal
Control--Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial
statements and financial statement schedules as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2005 of the Company and our report dated February 27, 2006
expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and
financial statement schedules.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 27, 2006
98
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information with respect to Directors of the Company is incorporated by
reference to the Proxy Statement under the captions "Nominees and Continuing
Directors" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance." The
Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the
end of the Company's fiscal year.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following is certain additional information concerning each executive
officer of the Company who is not also a director. With the exception of Messrs.
Schuster and Watson, each individual holds the same position at RGA, RCM and RGA
Reinsurance.
David B. Atkinson, 52, became President and Chief Executive Officer of RGA
Reinsurance Company in January 1998. Mr. Atkinson has served as Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of RGA since January 1997. He served as
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, U.S. operations from 1994
to 1996, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 1993 to
1994. Prior to the formation of RGA, Mr. Atkinson served as Reinsurance
Operations Vice President of General American. Mr. Atkinson joined General
American in 1987 as Second Vice President and was promoted to Vice President
later the same year. Prior to joining General American, he served as Vice
President and Actuary of Atlas Life Insurance Company from 1981 to 1987, as
Chief Actuarial Consultant at Cybertek Computer Products from 1979 to 1981, and
in a variety of actuarial positions with Occidental Life Insurance Company of
California from 1975 to 1979. Mr. Atkinson also serves as a director and officer
of several RGA subsidiaries.
Todd C. Larson, 42, is Senior Vice President, Controller and Treasurer.
Prior to joining the Company in 1995, Mr. Larson was Assistant Controller at
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 1994 through 1995 and prior to
that position was an accountant for KPMG LLP. Mr. Larson also serves as a
director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
Jack B. Lay, 51, is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Prior to joining the Company in 1994, Mr. Lay served as Second Vice President
and Associate Controller at General American. In that position, he was
responsible for all external financial reporting as well as merger and
acquisition support. Before joining General American in 1991, Mr. Lay was a
partner in the financial services practice with the St. Louis office of KPMG
LLP. Mr. Lay also serves as a director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
Paul A. Schuster, 51, is Executive Vice President, U.S. Division. He served
as Senior Vice President, U.S. Division from January 1997 to December 1998. Mr.
Schuster was Reinsurance Actuarial Vice President in 1995 and Senior Vice
President & Chief Actuary of the Company in 1996. Prior to the formation of RGA,
Mr. Schuster served as Second Vice President and Reinsurance Actuary of General
American. Prior to joining General American in 1991, he served as Vice President
and Assistant Director of Reinsurance Operations of the ITT Lyndon Insurance
Group from 1988 to 1991 and in a variety of actuarial positions with General
Reassurance Corporation from 1976 to 1988. Mr. Schuster also serves as a
director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
James E. Sherman, 52, is Executive Vice President, General Counsel and
Secretary of the Company. Prior to joining the Company in 2001, Mr. Sherman
served as Associate General Counsel of General American Life Insurance Company
from 1995 until 2000. Mr. Sherman also serves as an officer of several RGA
subsidiaries.
Graham S. Watson, 56, is Executive Vice President, International and Chief
Marketing Officer of RGA, and Chief Executive Officer of RGA International
Corporation. Upon joining RGA in 1996, Mr. Watson was President and CEO of RGA
Australia. Prior to joining RGA in 1996, Mr. Watson was the President and CEO of
Intercedent Limited in Canada and has held various positions of increasing
responsibility for other life insurance companies. Mr. Watson also serves as a
director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
99
A. Greig Woodring, 54, President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company. Mr. Woodring also is an executive officer of General American Life
Insurance Company ("General American"). He headed General American's reinsurance
business from 1986 until the Company's formation in December 1992. He also
serves as a director and officer of a number of subsidiaries of the Company.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Company has adopted an Employee Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
(the "Employee Code"), a Directors' Code of Conduct (the "Directors' Code"), and
a Financial Management Code of Professional Conduct (the "Financial Management
Code"). The Employee Code applies to all employees and officers of the Company
and its subsidiaries. The Directors' Code applies to directors of the Company
and its subsidiaries. The Financial Management Code applies to the Company's
chief executive offer, chief financial officer, corporate controller, chief
financial officers in each business unit, and all professionals in finance and
finance-related departments. The Company intends to satisfy its disclosure
obligations under Item 10 of Form 8-K by posting on its website information
about amendments to, or waivers from a provision of the Financial Management
Code that applies to the Company's chief executive officer, chief financial
officer, and corporate controller. Each of the three Codes described above is
available on the Company's website at www.rgare.com.
Also available on the Company's website are the following other items:
Corporate Governance Guidelines, Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee
Charter, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter (collectively
"Governance Documents").
The Company will provide without charge upon written or oral request, a
copy of any of the Codes of Conduct or Governance Documents. Requests should be
directed to Investor Relations, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated, 1370
Timberlake Manor Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017 by electronic mail
(investrelations@rgare.com) or by telephone (636-736-7243).
The Board of Directors has determined, in its judgment, that all of the
members of the Audit Committee are independent within the meaning of SEC
regulations and the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE").
The Board of Directors has determined, in its judgment, that Messrs. Bartlett,
Greenbaum and Henderson are qualified as audit committee financial experts
within the meaning of SEC regulations and the Board has determined that each of
them has accounting and related financial management expertise within the
meaning of the listing standards of the NYSE. The Audit Committee Charter
provides that members of the Audit Committee may not simultaneously serve on the
audit committee of more than two other public companies.
Additional information with respect to Directors and Executive Officers of
the Company is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the
captions "Nominees and Continuing Directors", "Committees and Meetings of the
Board of Directors", and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Compliance." The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within
120 days of the end of the Company's fiscal year.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the
captions "Executive Compensation" and "Nominees and Continuing Directors" and is
incorporated herein by reference. The proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to
Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company's fiscal year.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
Information of this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the
captions "Securities Ownership of Directors, Management and Certain Beneficial
Owners", "Nominees and Continuing Directors", and "Equity Compensation Plan
Information" and is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will
be filed pursuant to Regulations 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company's
fiscal year.
100
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the
caption "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and incorporated herein
by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days of the end of the Company's fiscal year.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the
caption "Principal Accounting Firm Fees and Services " and incorporated herein
by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days of the end of the Company's fiscal year.
101
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The following consolidated statements are included within Item 8 under the
following captions:
Index Page
----- ----
Consolidated Balance Sheets 61
Consolidated Statements of Income 62
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity 63
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 64
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 65-94
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 95
Quarterly Data (unaudited) 96
2. Schedules, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Schedule Page
-------- -------
I Summary of Investments 103
II Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant 104
III Supplementary Insurance Information 105-106
IV Reinsurance 107
V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 108
All other schedules specified in Regulation S-X are omitted for the reason
that they are not required, are not applicable, or that equivalent information
has been included in the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto,
appearing in Item 8.
3. Exhibits
See the Index to Exhibits on page 110.
102
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE I--SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS--OTHER THAN
INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
DECEMBER 31, 2005
(in millions)
Amount at
Which
Shown in
Fair the Balance
Type of Investment Cost Value (3) Sheets (1)(3)
------------------ ------- --------- -------------
Fixed maturities:
Bonds:
United States government and government
agencies and authorities $ 70 $ 70 $ 70
Foreign governments (2) 924 1,167 1,167
Public utilities (2) 904 1,150 1,150
All other corporate bonds 4,433 4,487 4,487
----- ----- -----
Total fixed maturities 6,331 6,874 6,874
Equity securities 25 27 27
Preferred stock 174 174 174
Mortgage loans on real estate 648 XXXX 648
Policy loans 987 XXXX 987
Funds withheld at interest 3,411 XXXX 3,460
Short-term investments 126 XXXX 126
Other invested assets 35 XXXX 35
------- -------
Total investments $11,737 XXXX $12,331
======= =======
(1) Fixed maturities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair
value.
(2) The following exchange rates have been used to convert foreign securities
to U.S. dollars:
Canadian dollar $0.860585/C$1.00
South African rand $0.158008/1.0 rand
Australian dollar $0.732800/$1.00 Aus
Great British pound $1.7323000/L1.00
(3) Fair value represents the closing sales prices of marketable securities.
Estimated fair values for private placement securities, included in all
other corporate bonds, are based on the credit quality and duration of
marketable securities deemed comparable by the Company, which may be of
another issuer.
103
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE II--CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT
DECEMBER 31,
(IN THOUSANDS)
2005 2004 2003
---------- ---------- ---------
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities (available for sale) $ 113,546 $ 97,567
Short-term investments 98,967 --
Cash and cash equivalents 600 117
Investment in subsidiaries 3,052,871 2,444,987
Other assets 235,191 262,135
---------- ----------
Total assets $3,501,175 $2,804,806
========== ==========
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Long-term debt $ 939,280 $ 514,631
Other liabilities 34,411 11,150
Stockholders' equity 2,527,484 2,279,025
---------- ----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $3,501,175 $2,804,806
========== ==========
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Interest / dividend income $ 20,078 $ 22,708 $ 17,949
Investment related gains / (losses), net (140) 987 677
Operating expenses (11,360) (5,054) (3,849)
Interest expense (39,238) (35,789) (35,189)
---------- ---------- ---------
Income before income tax and undistributed earnings of subsidiaries (30,660) (17,148) (20,412)
Income tax expense (benefit) (7,407) (8,478) (10,614)
---------- ---------- ---------
Net loss before undistributed earnings of subsidiaries (23,253) (8,670) (9,798)
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 247,433 230,561 182,939
---------- ---------- ---------
Net income $ 224,180 $ 221,891 $ 173,141
========== ========== =========
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Operating activities:
Net income $ 224,180 $ 221,891 $ 173,141
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries (247,433) (230,561) (182,939)
Other, net 47,193 (23,572) (46,964)
---------- ---------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 23,940 (32,242) (56,762)
---------- ---------- ---------
Investing activities:
Sales of fixed maturity securities available for sale 201,881 102,237 141,149
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available for sale (219,152) (43,975) (287,408)
Change in short-term investments (98,967) -- --
Principal payment from subsidiary debt 19,493 30,465 --
Capital contributions to subsidiaries (254,818) (47,299) (286,336)
---------- ---------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (351,563) 41,428 (432,595)
---------- ---------- ---------
Financing activities:
Dividends to stockholders (22,537) (16,821) (11,940)
Acquisition of treasury stock (75,888) -- --
Reissuance (acquisition) of treasury stock, net 6,046 7,162 14,467
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings, net 420,485 -- 50,000
Proceeds from stock offering, net -- -- 426,701
---------- ---------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 328,106 (9,659) 479,228
---------- ---------- ---------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 483 (473) (10,129)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 117 590 10,719
---------- ---------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 600 $ 117 $ 590
========== ========== =========
104
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III--SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(in thousands)
As of December 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Future Policy Benefits
Deferred Policy and Interest-Sensitive Other Policy Claims
Acquisition Costs Contract Liabilities and Benefits Payable
--------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------
Assumed Ceded Assumed Ceded Assumed Ceded
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------- ---------
2004
U.S. operations $1,300,901 $(41,138) $ 7,061,193 $(144,567) $ 666,311 $ (41,484)
Canada operations 182,859 (1,170) 1,344,416 (118,550) 63,875 (9,009)
Europe & South Africa operations 594,954 (42,532) 298,166 (23,404) 259,747 (20,541)
Asia Pacific operations 239,316 (10,917) 257,823 (44,825) 238,979 (12,522)
Corporate and Other 3,701 -- 7,972 -- 57,081 (766)
Discontinued operations -- -- 28,752 (777) 30,232 (830)
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total $2,321,731 $(95,757) $ 8,998,322 $(332,123) $1,316,225 $ (85,152)
========== ======== =========== ========= ========== =========
2005
U.S. operations $1,484,973 $(40,493) $ 7,943,230 $(145,082) $ 771,369 $ (46,380)
Canada operations 210,777 (451) 1,543,460 (159,218) 82,954 (22,264)
Europe & South Africa operations 609,178 (42,030) 354,710 (27,059) 288,291 (9,110)
Asia Pacific operations 252,340 (8,664) 317,532 (44,343) 326,012 (23,607)
Corporate and Other -- -- 6,763 -- 24,819 (63)
Discontinued operations -- -- 31,287 (674) 35,853 (705)
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total $2,557,268 $(91,638) $10,196,982 $(376,376) $1,529,298 $(102,129)
========== ======== =========== ========= ========== =========
105
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III--SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Investment Benefits, Claims Amortization Other Operating
Premium Income Income and Losses of DAC Expenses
-------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------ ---------------
2003
U.S. operations $1,801,793 $346,129 $(1,638,800) $(252,163) $ (84,159)
Canada operations 214,738 87,212 (224,863) 240 (30,974)
Europe & South Africa
operations 364,203 3,869 (230,895) (62,793) (59,178)
Asia Pacific operations 259,010 10,692 (185,358) (28,496) (37,016)
Corporate and Other 3,419 17,677 (8,217) (38) (60,013)
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------
Total $2,643,163 $465,579 $(2,288,133) $(343,250) $(271,340)
========== ======== =========== ========= =========
2004
U.S. operations $2,212,650 $436,115 $(1,964,975) $(293,667) $(170,156)
Canada operations 253,852 100,141 (252,382) (14,236) (25,430)
Europe & South Africa operations 478,580 5,125 (314,128) (82,201) (62,315)
Asia Pacific operations 399,122 16,113 (330,144) (40,735) (37,542)
Corporate and Other 3,244 23,034 (15,839) (1,430) (64,546)
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------
Total $3,347,448 $580,528 $(2,877,468) $(432,269) $(359,989)
========== ======== =========== ========= =========
2005
U.S. operations $2,434,211 $466,135 $(2,219,336) $(389,421) $ (66,108)
Canada operations 343,131 120,434 (309,064) (44,233) (26,952)
Europe & South Africa operations 552,694 9,710 (406,004) (152,450) 30,696
Asia Pacific operations 534,926 29,427 (420,024) (90,058) (18,204)
Corporate and Other 1,813 13,459 (41,850) (3,701) (71,710)
---------- -------- ----------- --------- ---------
Total $3,866,775 $639,165 $(3,396,278) $(679,863) $(152,278)
========== ======== =========== ========= =========
106
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE IV - REINSURANCE
(in millions)
As of or for the Year ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------
Percentage
Coded to Assumed of Amount
Gross Other from Other Net Assumed to
Amount Companies Companies Amount Net
------ --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2003
Life insurance in force $ 75 $254,822 $1,252,161 $ 997,414 125.54%
Premiums
U.S. operations $2.5 $ 211.6 $ 2,010.9 $ 1,801.8 111.61%
Canada operations -- 24.1 238.8 214.7 111.22%
Europe & South Africa operations -- 21.5 385.7 364.2 105.90%
Asia Pacific operations -- 22.0 281.0 259.0 108.49%
Corporate and Other 1.5 -- 2.0 3.5 57.14%
---- -------- ---------- ----------
Total $4.0 $ 279.2 $ 2,918.4 $ 2,643.2 110.41%
==== ======== ========== ========== ======
2004
Life insurance in force $ 76 $161,978 $1,458,827 $1,296,925 112.48%
Premiums
U.S. operations $2.1 $ 209.2 $ 2,419.7 $ 2,212.6 109.36%
Canada operations -- 30.4 284.3 253.9 111.97%
Europe & South Africa operations -- 27.4 506.0 478.6 105.73%
Asia Pacific operations -- 35.1 434.2 399.1 108.79%
Corporate and Other 2.8 (0.1) 0.3 3.2 9.38%
---- -------- --------- ----------
Total $4.9 $ 302.0 $ 3,644.5 $ 3,347.4 108.88%
==== ======== ========== ========== ======
2005
Life insurance in force $ 77 $ 59,241 $1,736,614 $1,677,450 128.95%
Premiums
U.S. operations $2.2 $ 218.6 $ 2,650.6 $ 2,434.2 108.89%
Canada operations -- 63.2 406.3 343.1 118.45%
Europe & South Africa operations -- 38.4 591.1 552.7 106.95%
Asia Pacific operations -- 34.9 569.8 534.9 106.52%
Corporate and Other 1.6 -- 0.3 1.9 10.53%
---- -------- ---------- ----------
Total $3.8 $ 355.1 $ 4,218.1 $ 3,866.8 109.09%
==== ======== ========== ========== ======
107
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE V - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
DECEMBER 31,
(in millions)
Balance at Beginning Charges to Costs Charged to Balance at End of
Description of Period and Expenses Other Accounts Deductions (1) Period
----------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------- -------------- -----------------
2003
Allowance on income taxes $12.5 $0.5 $-- $ -- $13.0
2004
Allowance on income taxes $13.0 $ -- $-- $3.5 $ 9.5
2005
Allowance on income taxes $ 9.5 $ -- $-- $4.8 $ 4.7
(1) Deductions represent normal activity associated with the Company's release
of income tax valuation allowances.
108
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Reinsurance Group of America,
Incorporated.
By: /s/ A. Greig Woodring
------------------------------------
A. Greig Woodring
President and Chief Executive
Officer
Date: February 27, 2006
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities indicated on February 27, 2006.
Signatures Title
---------- -----
/s/ Leland C. Launer, Jr. February 27, 2006 * Chairman of the Board and Director
-------------------------------------
Leland C. Launer, Jr.
/s/ A. Greig Woodring February 27, 2006 President, Chief Executive Officer,
------------------------------------- and Director
A. Greig Woodring (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ William J. Bartlett February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
William J. Bartlett
/s/ J. Cliff Eason February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
J. Cliff Eason
/s/ Stuart I. Greenbaum February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
Stuart I. Greenbaum
/s/ Alan C. Henderson February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
Alan C. Henderson
/s/ Joseph A. Reali February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
Joseph A. Reali
/s/ Georgette A. Piligian February 27, 2006 * Director
-------------------------------------
Georgette A. Piligian
/s/ Jack B. Lay February 27, 2006 Executive Vice President and Chief
------------------------------------- Financial Officer (Principal Financial
Jack B. Lay and Accounting Officer)
* By: /s/ Jack B. Lay February 27, 2006
-------------------------------
Jack B. Lay
Attorney-in-fact
109
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number Description
------- -----------
2.1 Reinsurance Agreement dated as of December 31, 1992 between General
American Life Insurance Company ("General American") and General
American Life Reinsurance Company of Canada ("RGA Canada"),
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Amendment No. 1 to
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April
14, 1993
2.2 Retrocession Agreement dated as of July 1, 1990 between General
American and The National Reinsurance Company of Canada, as amended
between RGA Canada and General American on December 31, 1992"),
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 Amendment No. 1 to
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April
14, 1993
2.3 Reinsurance Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between RGA
Reinsurance Company ("RGA Reinsurance", formerly "Saint Louis
Reinsurance Company") and General American"), incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993
2.4 Master Agreement by and between Allianz Life Insurance of North
America and RGA Reinsurance Company, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 2.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 9, 2003
(File no. 1-11848)
2.5 Life Coinsurance Retrocession Agreement by and between Allianz Life
Insurance of North America and RGA Reinsurance Company, incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
October 9, 2003 (File no. 1-11848)
3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2004
3.2 Bylaws of RGA, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 6, 2004
4.1 Form of Specimen Certificate for Common Stock of RGA, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993
4.6 Form of Unit Agreement among the Company and the Trust, as Issuers and
The Bank of New York, as Agent, Warrant Agent and Property Trustee,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement on
Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001
4.7 Form of Global Unit Certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
A of Exhibit 4.6 of this Report, incorporated by reference to
Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848) filed on
December 18, 2001
4.8 Form of Warrant Agreement between the Company and the Bank of New
York, as Warrant Agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to
Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848) filed on
December 18, 2001
4.9 Form of Warrant Certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of
Exhibit 4.8 of this Report
4.10 Trust Agreement of RGA Capital Trust I, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.11 to the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File Nos.
333-55304, 333-55304-01 and 333-55304-02), filed on February 9, 2001,
as amended (the "Original S-3")
110
4.11 Form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of RGA Capital Trust I,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Registration Statement on
Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001
4.12 Form of Preferred Security Certificate for the Trust, included as
Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.11 to this Report
4.13 Form of Remarketing Agreement between the Company, as Guarantor, and
The Bank of New York, as Guarantee Trustee, incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.12 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No.
1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001
4.14 Form of Junior Subordinated Indenture, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.3 of the Original S-3
4.15 Form of First Supplemental Junior Subordinated Indenture between the
Company and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B
(File No. 1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001
4.16 Form of Guarantee Agreement between the Company, as Guarantor, and The
Bank of New York, as Guarantee Trustee, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.11 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No.
1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001
4.17 Form of Senior Indenture between Reinsurance Group of America,
Incorporated and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Original S-3
4.18 Form of First Supplemental Indenture between Reinsurance Group of
America, Incorporated and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating
to the 6 - 3/4 Senior Notes Due 2011, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.8 to Form 8-K dated December 12, 2001 (File No. 1-11848),
filed December 18, 2001
4.19 Form of Second Supplemental Junior Subordinated Indenture between
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and The Bank of New York,
as Trustee, relating to the 6 - 3/4 Junior Subordinated Debentures Due
2065, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K dated
December 5, 2005 (File No. 1-11848), filed December 9, 2005
10.1 Marketing Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between RGA
Reinsurance and General American, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 29, 1993
10.2 Administrative Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between
RGA and General American, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to
Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 29, 1993
10.3 Management Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between RGA Canada
and General American, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to
Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *
10.4 Standard Form of General American Automatic Agreement, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993
10.5 Standard Form of General American Facultative Agreement, incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993
10.6 Standard Form of General American Automatic and Facultative YRT
Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No.
1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on
April 14, 1993
10.7 RGA Management Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective
January 1, 2003 incorporated by reference to Proxy Statement on
Schedule 14A for the annual meeting of shareholders on May 28, 2003,
filed on April 10, 2003*
111
10.8 RGA Reinsurance Company Management Deferred Compensation Plan (ended
January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to
Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *
10.9 RGA Reinsurance Company Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (ended
January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to
Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *
10.10 RGA Reinsurance Company Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan (ended
January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to
Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *
10.11 RGA Reinsurance Company Augmented Benefit Plan (ended January 1,
1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Amendment No. 1
to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on
April 14, 1993 *
10.12 RGA Flexible Stock Plan as amended and restated effective July 1,
1998, incorporated by reference to Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004, at the
corresponding exhibit*
10.13 Amendment effective as of May 24, 2000 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan,
as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.13 to Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003
(File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004 *
10.14 Second Amendment effective as of May 28, 2003 to the RGA Flexible
Stock Plan, as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2003 (File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004 *
10.15 Third Amendment effective as of May 26, 2004 to the RGA Flexible Stock
Plan as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2004 (File
No. 1-11848), filed on August 6, 2004
10.16 Form of Directors' Indemnification Agreement, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *
10.17 RGA Flexible Stock Plan for Directors, as amended and restated
effective May 28, 2003, incorporated by reference to Proxy Statement
on Schedule 14A for the annual meeting of shareholders on May 28,
2003, filed on April 10, 2003*
10.18 RGA Phantom Stock Plan for Directors, as amended effective January 1,
2003, incorporated by reference to Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for
the annual meeting of shareholders on May 28, 2003, filed on April 10,
2003*
10.19 Restricted Stock Award to A. Greig Woodring dated January 28, 1998,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Form 10-Q/A Amendment
No. 1 for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 (File No. 1-11848) filed on
May 14, 1998 *
10.20 Credit Agreement dated as of September 29, 2005 among RGA and certain
subsidiaries, as Account Parties, the financial institutions listed on
the signature pages thereof, The Bank of New York, as Administrative
Agent; Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent; and KeyBank
National Association, Wachovia Bank, National Association, and
Deutsche Bank, AG New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form
8-K dated September 29, 2005 (File No. 1-11848), filed October 3,
2005.
112
10.21 Amendment No.1 and Waiver dated as of November 30, 2005 to Credit
Agreement dated as of September 29, 2005 among RGA and certain
subsidiaries, as Account Parties, the financial institutions listed on
the signature pages thereof, The Bank of New York, as Administrative
Agent; Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent; and KeyBank
National Association, Wachovia Bank, National Association, and
Deutsche Bank, AG New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form
8-K dated November 30, 2005 (File No. 1-11848), filed December 1, 2005
10.22 Administrative Services Agreement, effective as of January 1, 1997, by
and between RGA Reinsurance and General American, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated
September 24, 2001 (File No. 1-11848), filed September 24, 2001
10.23 Form of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated Flexible Stock Plan
Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 10, 2004
(File No. 1-11848), filed September 10, 2004*
10.24 Form of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated Flexible Stock Plan
Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Agreement, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated
September 10, 2004 (File No. 1-11848), filed September 10, 2004*
10.25 Registration Rights agreement dated as of November 24, 2003 between
RGA, MetLife Inc., Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Equity
Intermediary Company, and General American, incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated November 24, 2003 (File No.
1-11848), filed December 3, 2003
10.26 Directors' Compensation Summary Sheet, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 22, 2005 (File
No. 1-11848), filed April 25, 2005*
10.27 Summary of the compensation and performance incentives for the named
executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 and
10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 8, 2005 (File No.
1-11848), filed March 8, 2005 *
21.1 Subsidiaries of RGA
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP
24.1 Powers of Attorney for Ms. Piligian and Messrs. Bartlett, Eason,
Greenbaum, Henderson, Launer, and Reali
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
* Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(c) of
this Report.
113