form10q.htm
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
 
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
(X)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2012
 
OR
 
( )
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
            SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____ TO ____.
 
Commission file number   1-12431

Unity Bancorp Logo
 
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
New Jersey
22-3282551
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
64 Old Highway 22, Clinton, NJ
08809
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
 
 
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code (908) 730-7630
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:  
Yes x     No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a nonaccelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2):
Large accelerated filer o     Accelerated filer o     Nonaccelerated filer o     Smaller reporting company x

 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Yes o     No x

 
The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common equity stock, as of May 1, 2012 common stock, no par value: 7,462,572 shares outstanding
 

 
 

 

 
Table of Contents
 
   
Page #
 PART I
 
     
 
ITEM 1
 
       
   
1
       
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
2
       
   
3
       
    Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 4
       
   
5
       
   
6
       
 
ITEM 2
29
       
 
ITEM 3
43
       
 
ITEM 4
43
       
PART II
43
       
 
ITEM 1
43
       
 
ITEM 1A
43
       
 
ITEM 2
43
       
 
ITEM 3
43
       
 
ITEM 4
43
       
 
ITEM 5
43
       
 
ITEM 6
43
     
44
   
45
   
 
Exhibit 31.1
46
 
Exhibit 31.2
47
 
Exhibit 32.1
48
   


 
 

 

 
PART I - CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.     Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
At March 31, 2012, December 31, 2011 and March 31, 2011
(Unaudited)

(In thousands)
 
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
March 31, 2011
 
ASSETS
                 
Cash and due from banks
  $ 17,986     $ 17,688     $ 15,478  
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits
    53,831       64,886       39,880  
Cash and cash equivalents
    71,817       82,574       55,358  
Securities:                         
Securities available for sale, at fair value
    110,181       88,765       103,238  
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $18,934, $19,879, and $17,774, respectively)
    17,880       18,771       17,577  
Total securities
    128,061       107,536       120,815  
Loans:                         
SBA held for sale
    8,015       7,668       9,933  
SBA held to maturity
    62,251       64,175       74,657  
SBA 504
    47,651       55,108       60,092  
Commercial
    284,861       283,104       283,135  
Residential mortgage
    132,192       134,090       132,512  
Consumer
    47,782       48,447       54,193  
Total loans
    582,752       592,592       614,522  
Less: Allowance for loan losses
    16,339       16,348       15,275  
Net loans
    566,413       576,244       599,247  
                         
Premises and equipment, net
    12,321       11,350       10,782  
Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI")
    9,179       9,107       8,885  
Deferred tax assets
    7,115       6,878       7,833  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    4,088       4,088       4,206  
Accrued interest receivable
    3,672       3,703       3,725  
Other real estate owned ("OREO")     1,625       3,032       2,602  
Prepaid FDIC insurance
    2,386       2,545       2,994  
Goodwill and other intangibles
    1,526       1,530       1,541  
Other assets
    1,995       2,259       2,845  
                         
Total Assets
  $ 810,198     $ 810,846     $ 820,833  
                         
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY                        
 Liabilities:                        
   Deposits:                        
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
  $ 108,618     $ 101,193     $ 91,247  
Interest-bearing demand deposits
    103,018       104,749       101,878  
Savings deposits
    281,535       278,603       293,750  
Time deposits, under $100,000
    94,513       102,809       110,050  
Time deposits, $100,000 and over
    55,417       56,617       59,851  
Total deposits
    643,101       643,971       656,776  
                         
Borrowed funds
    75,000       75,000       75,000  
Subordinated debentures
    15,465       15,465       15,465  
Accrued interest payable
    498       523       569  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    2,132       2,329       2,642  
Total liabilities
    736,196       737,288       750,452  
                         
Commitments and contingencies     -              
                         
 Shareholders' equity:                        
Cumulative perpetual preferred stock
    19,683       19,545       19,146  
Common stock
    53,846       53,746       52,842  
Accumulated deficit
    (345 )     (854 )     (2,006 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    818       1,121       399  
Total Shareholders' Equity
    74,002       73,558       70,381  
                         
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
  $ 810,198     $ 810,846     $ 820,833  
                         
Preferred shares     21        21        21  
Issued common shares
    7,463       7,459       7,222  
Outstanding common shares
    7,463       7,459       7,222  

The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
Page 1 of 48

 
 
 
Unity Bancorp
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
(Unaudited)
 
   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
     2012        2011    
INTEREST INCOME
                 
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits
  $
32
    $ 11    
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    51       66    
Securities:
                 
Available for sale
    721       864    
Held to maturity
    173       287    
Total securities
    894       1,151    
Loans:
                 
SBA
    924       1,236    
SBA 504
    759       955    
Commercial
    4,183       4,306    
Residential mortgage
    1,655       1,831    
Consumer
    560       686    
Total loans
    8,081       9,014    
Total interest income
    9,058       10,242    
INTEREST EXPENSE
                 
Interest-bearing demand deposits
   
136
      139    
Savings deposits
    354       581    
Time deposits
    913       1,097    
Borrowed funds and subordinated debentures
    847       950    
Total interest expense
    2,250       2,767    
 Net interest income
    6,808       7,475    
Provision for loan losses
    1,200       2,500    
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    5,608       4,975    
NONINTEREST INCOME
                 
Branch fee income
    386       344    
Service and loan fee income
    302       243    
Gain on sale of SBA loans held for sale, net
    157       111    
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net
    411       169    
BOLI income
    73       73    
Net security gains
    224       125    
Other income
    162       190    
Total noninterest income
    1,715       1,255    
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
                 
Compensation and benefits
    3,182       3,057    
Occupancy
    609       720    
Processing and communications
    534       507    
Furniture and equipment
    362       384    
Professional services
    190       202    
Loan collection costs
    180       224    
OREO expenses
    124       222    
Deposit insurance
    171       319    
Advertising
    146       118    
Other expenses
    461       405    
Total noninterest expense
    5,959       6,158    
Income before provision (benefit) for income taxes
    1,364       72    
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    459       (148 )  
Net income
    905       220    
Preferred stock dividends & discount accretion
     396       384    
Income available (loss attributable) to common shareholders
  $ 509     $ (164 )  
                   
Net income (loss) per common share       - Basic
  $ 0.07     $ (0.02 )  
                                                           - Diluted
  $  0.07     $ (0.02 )  
                   
Weighted average common shares outstanding    - Basic
     7,460       7,219    
                                                                                        - Diluted
     7,792       7,219    
 
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
Page 2 of 48

 
 
 
Unity Bancorp
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
(Unaudited)
 
   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(In thousands)
     2012        2011    
                   
Net income
  $
905
    $ 220    
                   
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
                 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period     (180     275    
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income     149       83    
Total unrealized gains (losses) on securities
    (329     192    
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedge derivatives:
                 
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period
    26       84    
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
    (303     276    
                   
Total comprehensive income
  $ 602     $ 496    
 
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
Page 3 of 48

 
 
       
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
(Unaudited)
 
   
Preferred
   
Common Stock
   
Accumulated
   
Treasury
   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
   
Total Shareholders'
 
(In thousands)
 
Stock
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Deficit
   
Stock
   
Income
   
Equity
 
Balance, December 31, 2010
 
$
19,019
     
7,211
   
$
55,884
   
$
(772
 
$
(4,169
)
 
$
123
 
 
$
70,085
 
Net income
                         
220
 
                   
220
 
Unrealized holding gains on securities and cash flow derivatives
                                           
276
     
276
 
Accretion of discount on preferred stock
   
127
                     
(127
)
                   
-
 
Dividends on preferred stock (5% annually)
                           
(259
)
                   
(259
)
Retire Treasury stock                      (3,101      (1,068      4,169                -  
Common stock issued and related tax effects (a)
            11      
59
                             
59
 
Balance, March 31, 2011
 
$
19,146
     
7,222
   
$
52,842
   
$
(2,006
)
 
$
-
 
 
$
399
 
 
$
70,381
 
 
 
 
   
Preferred
   
Common Stock
   
Accumulated
   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
   
Total Shareholders'
 
(In thousands)
 
Stock
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Deficit
   
Income
   
Equity
 
Balance, December 31, 2011
 
$
19,545
     
7,459
   
$
53,746
   
$
(854
 
$
1,121
 
 
$
73,558
 
Net income
                           
905
             
905
 
Unrealized holding losses on securities and cash flow derivatives
                                   
(303
)    
(303
Accretion of discount on preferred stock
   
138
                     
(138
)
           
-
 
Dividends on preferred stock (5% annually)
                           
(258
)
           
(258
)
Common stock issued and related tax effects (a)
            4      
100
                     
100
 
Balance, March 31, 2012
 
$
19,683
     
7,463
   
$
53,846
   
$
(345
 
$
818
   
$
74,002
 
 
(a) Includes the issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans, which includes nonqualified stock options and restricted stock expense related entries, employee option exercises and the tax benefit of options exercised.
 
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
 
 
Page 4 of 48

 

 
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011
(Unaudited)
 
   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(In thousands)
 
2012
   
2011
 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
           
Net income
 
$
905
   
$
220
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
         
Provision for loan losses
   
1,200
     
2,500
 
Net amortization of purchase premiums and discounts on securities
   
217
     
146
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
270
     
302
 
Deferred income tax benefit
   
(36
)
   
(467
Net security gains
   
(224
)
   
(125
Stock compensation expense
   
83
     
35
 
Loss on sale of OREO     117       -  
Gain on sale of SBA loans held for sale, net
   
(157
)
   
(111
)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net
   
(411
)
   
(169
)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale
   
(21,242
)
   
(9,671
Origination of SBA loans held for sale
   
(2,240
)
   
(601
)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale, net
   
21,653
     
9,840
 
Proceeds from sale of SBA loans held for sale, net
   
2,050
     
1,177
 
Loss on sale or disposal of premises and equipment
   
17
 
   
-
 
Net change in other assets and liabilities
   
244
     
257
 
     Net cash provided by operating activities
   
2,446
     
3,333
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchases of securities available for sale
   
(32,108
)
   
(10,953
)
Maturities and principal payments on securities held to maturity
   
855
     
3,584
 
Maturities and principal payments on securities available for sale
   
7,363
     
9,922
 
Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale
   
2,824
     
5,172
 
Proceeds from sale of OREO    
1,600
      -  
Net decrease (increase) in loans
   
8,596
     
(1,246
Purchases of premises and equipment
   
(1,222
)
   
(112
     Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
   
(12,092
)    
6,367
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net increase (decrease) in deposits
   
(870
)
   
1,988
 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
   
17
     
2
 
Dividends on preferred stock
   
(258
)
   
(258
     Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
(1,111
)
   
1,732
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
   
(10,757
)    
11,432
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
   
82,574
     
43,926
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
71,817
   
$
55,358
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
               
Cash:
               
Interest paid
 
$
2,275
   
$
2,755
 
Income taxes paid
   
389
     
334
 
Noncash investing activities:
   
 
         
 Transfer of loans to other real estate owned     350       605  
 
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
 

 
Page 5 of 48

 
 
 
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
March 31, 2012
 
 
 NOTE 1.  Significant Accounting Policies
 
    The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Unity Bancorp, Inc. (the "Parent Company") and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Unity Bank (the "Bank" or when consolidated with the Parent Company, the "Company"), and reflect all adjustments and disclosures which are generally routine and recurring in nature, and in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of interim results.  Unity Investment Services, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, is used to hold part of the Bank’s investment portfolio.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation, with no impact on current earnings.  The financial information has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and has not been audited.  In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were issued.
 
    Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred income tax assets and the fair value of financial instruments.  Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate.  While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.  The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year.  As used in this Form 10-Q, “we” and “us” and “our” refer to Unity Bancorp, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiary, Unity Bank, depending on the context.  Certain information and financial disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted from interim reporting pursuant to SEC rules.  Interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
Stock Transactions
 
The Company has incentive and nonqualified option plans, which allow for the grant of options to officers, employees and members of the Board of Directors.  In addition, restricted stock is issued under the stock bonus program to reward employees and directors and to retain them by distributing stock over a period of time.
 
Stock Option Plans
 
Grants under the Company’s incentive and nonqualified option plans generally vest over 3 years and must be exercised within 10 years of the date of grant.  The exercise price of each option is the market price on the date of grant.  As of March 31, 2012, 1,720,529 shares have been reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options, 638,140 option grants are outstanding, and 960,398 option grants have been exercised, forfeited or expired, leaving 121,991 shares available for grant.
 
No options were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2012 or 2011.
 
Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ("FASB ASC") Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” requires an entity to recognize the fair value of equity awards as compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for such an award (vesting period).  Compensation expense related to stock options totaled $40 thousand and $19 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The related income tax benefit was approximately $14 thousand and $8 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  As of March 31, 2012, unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company’s stock option plans totaled approximately $324 thousand.  That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.
 
Transactions under the Company’s stock option plans for the three months ended March 31, 2012 are summarized in the following table:
 
   
Shares
   
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Life (in years)
   
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2011
   
642,647
   
$
6.80
     
5.3
   
$
517,867
 
     Options granted
   
-
     
-
                 
     Options exercised
   
(3,841
)
   
4.44
                 
     Options forfeited
   
(333
)
   
3.98
                 
     Options expired
   
(333
)
   
3.98
                 
Outstanding at March 31, 2012
   
638,140
   
$
6.81
     
5.1
   
$
466,713
 
Exercisable at March 31, 2012
   
493,889
   
$
6.98
     
3.9
   
$
427,726
 
 
 
 
Page 6 of 48

 
 
 
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at March 31, 2012:

     
Options Outstanding
   
Options Exercisable
 
Range of
Exercise Prices
   
Options Outstanding
   
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
   
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
   
Options
Exercisable
   
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
$
0.00 - 4.00
     
123,083
     
7.1
   
$
3.87
     
105,832
   
$
3.86
 
 
4.01 - 8.00
     
336,799
     
5.5
     
6.06
     
209,799
     
5.77
 
 
8.01 - 12.00
     
121,617
     
1.9
     
9.22
     
121,617
     
9.22
 
 
12.01 - 16.00
     
56,641
     
4.7
     
12.54
     
56,641
     
12.54
 
Total
     
638,140
     
5.1
   
$
6.81
     
493,889
   
$
6.98
 
 
The following table presents information about options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

    For the three months ended March 31,  
    2012     2011  
Number of options exercised
    3,841       40,472  
Total intrinsic value of options exercised
  $ 6,055     $ 81,347  
Cash received from options exercised
    17,046        2,364  
Tax deduction realized from options exercised
    513       32,490  
 
Upon exercise, the Company issues shares from its authorized but unissued common stock to satisfy the options.
 
Restricted Stock Awards
 
Restricted stock awards granted to date vest over a period of 4 years and are recognized as compensation to the recipient over the vesting period.  The awards are recorded at fair market value at the time of grant and amortized into salary expense on a straight line basis over the vesting period.  As of March 31, 2012, 221,551 shares of restricted stock were reserved for issuance, of which 45,162 shares are available for grant.
 
There were no restricted stock awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
 
Compensation expense related to the restricted stock awards totaled $43 thousand and $16 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  As of March 31, 2012, there was approximately $471 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards granted under the Company’s stock incentive plans.  That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.3 years.
 
The following table summarizes nonvested restricted stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2012:

   
Shares
   
Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Nonvested restricted stock at December 31, 2011
   
93,684
   
$
6.06
 
Granted
   
-
     
-
 
Vested
   
(1,971
)
   
7.62
 
Forfeited
   
-
 
   
-
 
Nonvested restricted stock at March 31, 2012
   
91,713
   
$
6.02
 
 
 Income Taxes
 
    The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition of income taxes and provides criteria for the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  ASC 740 also includes guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition of income taxes.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates applicable to taxable income for the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  Valuation reserves are established against certain deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Increases or decreases in the valuation reserve are charged or credited to the income tax provision.
 
When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that ultimately would be sustained.  The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any.  The evaluation of a tax position taken is considered by itself and not offset or aggregated with other positions.  Tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority.  The portion of benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
 
Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense on the income statement.
 
 
 
Page 7 of 48

 
 
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
    The Company may use derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps, to manage interest rate risk.  The Company recognizes all derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in other assets or other liabilities.  The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship.  For derivatives not designated as an accounting hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in trading noninterest income.  The Company had no derivative instruments at March 31, 2012, and all of the Company's derivative instruments qualified as hedging instruments at December 31, 2011.
 
    For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the Company must designate the hedging instrument, based on the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.  The Company does not have any fair value hedges or hedges of foreign operations.
 
    The Company formally documents the relationship between the hedging instruments and hedged item, as well as the risk management objective and strategy before undertaking a hedge.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the derivatives and hedged items must be designated as a hedge.  For hedging relationships in which effectiveness is measured, the Company formally assesses, both at inception and on an ongoing basis, if the derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item.  If it is determined that the derivative instrument is not highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued.
 
    For derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on derivatives is reported as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and subsequently reclassified in interest income in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.  As a result, the change in fair value of any ineffective portion of the hedging derivative is recognized immediately in earnings.
 
    The Company will discontinue hedge accounting when it is determined that the derivative is no longer qualifying as an effective hedge; the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or the derivative is de-designated as a fair value or cash flow hedge or it is no longer probable that the forecasted transaction will occur by the end of the originally specified time period.  If the Company determines that the derivative no longer qualifies as a cash flow or fair value hedge and therefore hedge accounting is discontinued, the derivative will continue to be recorded on the balance sheet at its fair value with changes in fair value included in current earnings.
 
Loans Held To Maturity and Loans Held For Sale
 
Loans held to maturity are stated at the unpaid principal balance, net of unearned discounts and net of deferred loan origination fees and costs.  Loan origination fees, net of direct loan origination costs, are deferred and are recognized over the estimated life of the related loans as an adjustment to the loan yield utilizing the level yield method.
 
Interest is credited to operations primarily based upon the principal amount outstanding.  When management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan, interest accruals are discontinued and all past due interest, previously recognized as income, is reversed and charged against current period earnings.  Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied as principal.  Loans are returned to an accrual status when the ability to collect is reasonably assured and when the loan is brought current as to principal and interest.
 
Loans are reported as past due when either interest or principal is unpaid in the following circumstances: fixed payment loans when the borrower is in arrears for two or more monthly payments; open end credit for two or more billing cycles; and single payment notes if interest or principal remains unpaid for 30 days or more.
 
Loans are charged off when collection is sufficiently questionable and when the Company can no longer justify maintaining the loan as an asset on the balance sheet. Loans qualify for charge-off when, after thorough analysis, all possible sources of repayment are insufficient.  These include: 1) potential future cash flows, 2) value of collateral, and/or 3) strength of co-makers and guarantors.  All unsecured loans are charged off upon the establishment of the loan’s nonaccrual status.  Additionally, all loans classified as a loss or that portion of the loan classified as a loss are charged off.  All loan charge-offs are approved by the Board of Directors.
 
Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt.  When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, interest accruals discontinue and all past due interest previously recognized as income is reversed and charged against current period income. Generally, until the loan becomes current, any payments received from the borrower are applied to outstanding principal until such time as management determines that the financial condition of the borrower and other factors merit recognition of a portion of such payments as interest income.
 
The Company evaluates its loans for impairment.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  The Company has defined impaired loans to be all troubled debt restructurings and nonperforming loans.  Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature (consumer and residential mortgage loans), and on an individual basis for other loans.  Troubled debt restructurings  ("TDRs") occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.  These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, or a combination of both.  Interest income on accruing TDRs is credited to operations primarily based upon the principal amount outstanding, as stated in the paragraphs above.  Impairment of a loan is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.  Impairment can also be measured based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral, net of estimated costs to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent.  If the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the Company establishes a valuation allowance, or adjusts existing valuation allowances, with a corresponding charge or credit to the provision for loan losses.
 
Loans held for sale are SBA loans and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value.  The net amount of loan origination fees on loans sold is included in the carrying value and in the gain or loss on the sale.
 
The Company originates loans to customers under an SBA program that historically has provided for SBA guarantees of up to 90 percent of each loan.  The Company generally sells the guaranteed portion of its SBA loans to a third party and retains the servicing, holding the nonguaranteed portion in its portfolio.  When sales of SBA loans do occur, the premium received on the sale and the present value of future cash flows of the servicing assets are recognized in income. 
 
Serviced loans sold to others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  Income and fees collected for loan servicing are credited to noninterest income when earned, net of amortization on the related servicing assets.
 
    For additional information see the section titled "Loan Portfolio" under Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis.
 
 
 
Page 8 of 48

 
 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments
 
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level management considers adequate to provide for probable loan losses as of the balance sheet date.  The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and is reduced by net charge-offs.  
 
The level of the allowance is based on management’s evaluation of probable losses in the loan portfolio, after consideration of prevailing economic conditions in the Company’s market area, the volume and composition of the loan portfolio, and historical loan loss experience.   The allowance for loan losses consists of specific reserves for individually impaired credits and troubled debt restructurings, reserves for nonimpaired loans based on historical loss factors and reserves based on general economic factors and other qualitative risk factors such as changes in delinquency trends, industry concentrations or local/national economic trends.   This risk assessment process is performed at least quarterly, and, as adjustments become necessary, they are realized in the periods in which they become known.   
 
Although management attempts to maintain the allowance at a level deemed adequate to provide for probable losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based upon certain factors including changes in market conditions and underlying collateral values.  In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for loan losses.  These agencies may require the Company to make additional provisions based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
 
The Company maintains an allowance for unfunded loan commitments that is maintained at a level that management believes is adequate to absorb estimated probable losses.  Adjustments to the allowance are made through other expenses and applied to the allowance which is maintained in other liabilities.
 
For additional information, see the sections titled "Asset Quality" and "Allowance for Loan Losses and Unfunded  Loan Commitments" under Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis.
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
 
The Company has a process in place to identify debt securities that could potentially incur credit impairment that is other-than-temporary.  This process involves monitoring late payments, pricing levels, downgrades by rating agencies, key financial ratios, financial statements, revenue forecasts and cash flow projections as indicators of credit issues.  Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concern warrants such evaluation.  This evaluation considers relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether a credit or interest rate-related impairment of a security is other-than-temporary. Relevant facts and circumstances considered include: (1) the extent and length of time the fair value has been below cost; (2) the reasons for the decline in value; (3) the financial position and access to capital of the issuer, including the current and future impact of any specific events and (4) for fixed maturity securities, our intent to sell a security or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost which, in some cases, may extend to maturity and for equity securities, our ability and intent to hold the security for a forecasted period of time that allows for the recovery in value.
 
Management assesses its intent to sell or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit losses. For debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired with no intent to sell and no requirement to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the amount of the impairment is separated into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is due to factors that are not credit related and is recognized in other comprehensive income.
 
The present value of expected future cash flows is determined using the best estimate cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or the current yield to accrete an asset-backed or floating rate security. The methodology and assumptions for establishing the best estimate cash flows vary depending on the type of security. The asset-backed securities cash flow estimates are based on bond specific facts and circumstances that may include collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds and structural support, including subordination and guarantees. The corporate bond cash flow estimates are derived from scenario-based outcomes of expected corporate restructurings or the disposition of assets using bond specific facts and circumstances including timing, security interests and loss severity.
 
 
 
Page 9 of 48

 
 
 
NOTE 2.  Litigation
 
From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business.  The Company currently is not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, or the results of operations of the Company.     
 
 
NOTE 3.  Net Income per Share
 
    Basic net income per common share is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Net income available to common shareholders is calculated as net income less accrued dividends and discount accretion related to preferred stock. 
 
Diluted net income per common share is computed similarly to that of basic net income per common share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, principally stock options and warrants, were issued during the reporting period utilizing the Treasury stock method.  However, when a net loss rather than net income is recognized, diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share.
 
The following is a reconciliation of the calculation of basic and diluted income per share. 
 
    For the three months ended March 31,  
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
     2012        2011  
Net income
  $ 905     220  
Less: Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion
    396        384  
Income available to common shareholders
  $ 509      (164 )
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic
     7,460        7,219  
Plus:  Potential dilutive common stock equivalents
     332        -  
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted
     7,792        7,219  
Net income per common share -
               
Basic
  $ 0.07      (0.02 )
Diluted
     0.07        (0.02
Stock options and common stock excluded from the income per share computation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive
    506        361  
 
The "potential dilutive common stock equivalents" and the "stock options and common stock excluded from the income per share calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive" shown in the table above include the impact of 764,778 common stock warrants issued to the U.S. Department of Treasury under the Capital Purchase Program in December 2008, as applicable.  These warrants were dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
 
 
NOTE 4.  Income Taxes
 
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition of income taxes and provides criteria for the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  ASC 740 also includes guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition of income taxes.  
 
    For the quarter ended March 31, 2012, the Company reported income tax expense of $459 thousand for an effective tax rate of 33.7 percent, compared to an income tax benefit of $148 thousand for the prior year’s quarter.  
 
The Company did not recognize or accrue any interest or penalties related to income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.  The Company does not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011, as deductions taken and benefits accrued are based on widely understood administrative practices and procedures and are based on clear and unambiguous tax law.  Tax returns for all years 2008 and thereafter are subject to future examination by tax authorities.
 
 
 
Page 10 of 48

 
 
 
NOTE 5. Other Comprehensive Income
 
    The following table shows the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
      For the three months ended March 31, 2012     For the three months ended March 31, 2011  
(In thousands)
  Pre-tax     Tax     After-tax     Pre-tax     Tax     After-tax  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
                                               
Balance, beginning of period
                   1,147                     $
423
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
   (324    (144      (180 )   $
446
    $
171
     
275
 
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income
    224       75       149      
125
     
42
     
83
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
     (548      (219      (329 )    
321
     
129
     
192
 
Balance, end of period
                  818                     $
615
 
                                                 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:                                                
Balance, beginning of period                    (26 )                   (300
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period   43     17       26     $ 139     55       84  
Balance, end of period                   -                     (216
                                                 
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income                   818                      399  
 
 
 
Page 11 of 48

 
 
 
NOTE 6.  Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurement
 
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures,” which requires additional disclosures about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value.  Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market, income and cost approaches.  Based on these approaches, the Company often utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique.  These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs.  The Company utilizes techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  Based on the observability of the inputs used in valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy.  The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values.  Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed as follows:
 
Level 1 Inputs
·  
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
·  
Generally, this includes debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market (i.e. New York Stock Exchange), as well as certain U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government and sponsored entity agency mortgage-backed securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

Level 2 Inputs
·  
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets.
·  
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets.
·  
Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for the term of the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, credit risks, prepayment speeds or volatilities) or “market corroborated inputs.”
·  
Generally, this includes U.S. Government and sponsored entity mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt securities and  derivative contracts.

Level 3 Inputs
·  
Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity) and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
·  
These assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
 
Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Securities Available for Sale
The fair value of available for sale ("AFS") securities is the market value based on quoted market prices, when available, or market prices provided by recognized broker dealers (Level 1).  If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon quoted market prices for similar or identical assets or other observable inputs (Level 2) or externally developed models that use unobservable inputs due to limited or no market activity of the instrument (Level 3).
 
As of March 31, 2012, the fair value of the Company's AFS securities portfolio was $110.2 million.  Approximately 54 percent of the portfolio was made up of residential mortgage-backed securities, which had a fair value of $60.0 million at March 31, 2012.  Approximately $58.4 million of the residential mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC").  The underlying loans for these securities are residential mortgages that are geographically dispersed throughout the United States.  All AFS securities were classified as Level 2 assets at March 31, 2012.  The valuation of AFS securities using Level 2 inputs was primarily determined using the market approach, which uses quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and all other relevant information.  It includes model pricing, defined as valuing securities based upon their relationship with other benchmark securities.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Based on the complex nature of interest rate swap agreements, the markets these instruments trade in are not as efficient and are less liquid than that of Level 1 markets.  These markets do, however, have comparable, observable inputs in which an alternative pricing source values these assets or liabilities in order to arrive at a fair value.  The fair values of any interest swaps are measured based on the difference between the yield on the existing swaps and the yield on current swaps in the market (i.e. The Yield Book); consequently, they are classified as Level 2 instruments.
 
 
 
Page 12 of 48

 
 
 
There were no changes in the inputs or methodologies used to determine fair value during the period ended March 31, 2012, as compared to the periods ended December 31, 2011 and March 31, 2011.  The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
 
   
As of March 31, 2012
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
                       
Securities available for sale:
                       
U.S. government sponsored entities
 
$
-
   
$
4,282
   
$
-
   
$
4,282
 
State and political subdivisions
   
-
     
17,072
     
-
     
17,072
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities
   
-
     
59,966
     
-
     
59,966
 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
   
-
     
8,168
     
-
     
8,168
 
Corporate and other securities
   
-
     
20,693
     
-
     
20,693
 
Total securities available for sale
   
-
     
110,181
     
-
     
110,181
 
 
 
   
As of December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
                       
Securities available for sale:
                       
U.S. government sponsored entities
 
$
-
   
$
5,376
   
$
-
   
$
5,376
 
State and political subdivisions
   
-
     
17,878
     
-
     
17,878
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities
   
-
     
57,924
     
-
     
57,924
 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
   
-
     
210
     
-
     
210
 
Corporate and other securities
   
-
     
7,377
     
-
     
7,377
 
Total securities available for sale
   
-
     
88,765
     
-
     
88,765
 
Financial Liabilities:
                               
Interest rate swap agreements
 
-
    $
43
    $
-
    $
43
 
 
   
 
Page 13 of 48

 
 

 Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
 
Certain assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).  The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
 
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")
The fair value was determined using appraisals, which may be discounted based on management’s review and changes in market conditions (Level 3 Inputs).  All appraisals must be performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice ("USPAP").  Appraisals are certified to the Company and performed by appraisers on the Company’s approved list of appraisers.  Evaluations are completed by a person independent of Company management.  The content of the appraisal depends on the complexity of the property.  Appraisals are completed on a “retail value” and an “as is value”.
 
The Company requires current real estate appraisals on all loans that become OREO or in-substance foreclosure, loans that are classified substandard, doubtful or loss, or loans that are over $100,000 and nonperforming.  Prior to each balance sheet date, the Company values impaired collateral-dependent loans and OREO based upon a third party appraisal, broker's price opinion, drive by appraisal, automated valuation model, updated market evaluation, or a combination of these methods.  The amount is discounted for the decline in market real estate values (for original appraisals), for any known damage or repair costs, and for selling and closing costs.  The amount of the discount is dependent upon the method used to determine the original value.  The original appraisal is generally used when a loan is first determined to be impaired.  When applying the discount, the Company takes into consideration when the appraisal was performed, the collateral’s location, the type of collateral, any known damage to the property and the type of business. Subsequent to entering impaired status and the Company determining that there is a collateral shortfall, the Company will generally, depending on the type of collateral, order a third party appraisal, broker's price opinion, automated valuation model or updated market evaluation.  Subsequent to receiving the third party results, the Company will discount the value 6-10% for selling and closing costs.
 
   Partially charged-off loans are measured for impairment based upon an appraisal for collateral-dependant loans.  When an updated appraisal is received for a nonperforming loan, the value on the appraisal is discounted in the manner discussed above. If there is a deficiency in the value after the Company applies these discounts, management applies a specific reserve and the loan remains in nonaccrual status.  The receipt of an updated appraisal would not qualify as a reason to put a loan back into accruing status. The Company removes loans from nonaccrual status when the borrower makes six months of contractual payments and demonstrates the ability to service the debt going forward.  Charge-offs are determined based upon the loss that management believes the Company will incur after evaluating collateral for impairment based upon the valuation methods described above and the ability of the borrower to pay any deficiency.
 
Impaired Collateral-Dependent Loans
The fair value of impaired collateral-dependent loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 310, “Receivables.”  Fair value is determined based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral.  The valuation allowance for impaired loans is included in the allowance for loan losses in the consolidated balance sheets.  At March 31, 2012, the valuation allowance for impaired loans was $3.9 million, a decrease of  $568 thousand from $4.4 million at December 31, 2011. 
 
The following tables present the assets and liabilities carried on the balance sheet by caption and by level within the hierarchy (as described above) as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
    Fair value at March 31, 2012   Gains (losses) from fair value changes  
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2012
 
Financial Assets:
                           
Other real estate owned ("OREO")
 
$
 -    
$
 -    
$
 566    
$
566    
$
 (156 )
Impaired collateral-dependent loans
   
-
   
-
     
11,851
     
11,851
     
568
 

 
     Fair value at March 31, 2011    Losses from fair value changes  
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2011
 
Financial Assets:
                           
Other real estate owned ("OREO")
 
$
 -    
$
 -    
$
1,702    
$
1,702    
$
 (404 )
Impaired collateral-dependent loans
   
-
   
-
     
6,886
     
6,886
     
(320
)

 
 
Page 14 of 48

 
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires the disclosure of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, including those financial instruments for which the Company did not elect the fair value option. These estimated fair values as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 have been determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.  Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value.  The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange.  The use of alternative market assumptions and estimation methodologies could have had a material effect on these estimates of fair value.  The methodology for estimating the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are discussed above.  The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents
For these short-term instruments, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
 
Securities Held to Maturity
For securities held to maturity, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value, as it is not expected that the securities would settle at a price significantly less than the par value of the investment.
 
SBA loans held for sale
   The fair value of SBA loans held for sale is estimated by using a market approach that includes significant other observable inputs.
 
Loans
The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current market rates that reflect the interest rate risk inherent in the loan, except for previously discussed impaired loans.
 
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
Federal Home Loan Bank stock is carried at cost.  Carrying value approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of the issues.
 
SBA Servicing Assets
SBA servicing assets do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices.  The Company estimates the fair value of SBA servicing assets using discounted cash flow models incorporating numerous assumptions from the perspective of a market participant including market discount rates and prepayment speeds.
 
Deposit Liabilities
The fair value of demand deposits and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e. carrying value).  The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current market rates.

Borrowed Funds & Subordinated Debentures
The fair value of borrowings is estimated by discounting the projected future cash flows using current market rates.

Accrued Interest
The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Standby Letters of Credit
At March 31, 2012, the Bank had standby letters of credit outstanding of $1.3 million, as compared to $1.8 million at December 31, 2011.  The fair value of these commitments is nominal.
 
The table below presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not previously presented as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
         
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
   Fair Value Level    
Carrying
 Amount
   
Estimated
 Fair Value
   
Carrying
 Amount
   
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Financial assets:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
   Level 1    
$
71,817
   
$
71,817
   
$
82,574
   
$
82,574
 
Securities held to maturity
    Level 2      
17,880
     
18,934
     
18,771
     
19,879
 
SBA loans held for sale
    Level 2      
8,015
     
8,671
     
7,668
     
8,192
 
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
    Level 2       558,398       559,340        568,576        572,165  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   Level 2      
4,088
     
4,088
     
4,088
     
4,088
 
SBA servicing assets
    Level 3      
396
     
396
     
418
     
418
 
Accrued interest receivable
    Level 2      
3,672
     
3,672
     
3,703
     
3,703
 
Financial liabilities:
                                     
Deposits
    Level 2      
643,101
     
645,938
     
643,971
     
647,281
 
Borrowed funds and subordinated debentures
    Level 2      
90,465
     
101,764
     
90,465
     
102,533
 
Accrued interest payable
    Level 2      
498
     
498
     
523
     
523
 
 
 
 
Page 15 of 48

 
 
 
Note 7.Securities
 
    This table provides the major components of securities available for sale (“AFS”) and held to maturity (“HTM”) at amortized cost and estimated fair value at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

   
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
Amortized Cost
   
Gross Unrealized Gains
   
Gross Unrealized Losses
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Amortized Cost
   
Gross Unrealized Gains
   
Gross Unrealized Losses
   
Estimated Fair Value
 
Securities Available for sale:
                                               
US Government sponsored entities
  $ 4,203     $ 79     $ -     $ 4,282     $ 5,274     $ 102     $ -     $ 5,376  
State and political subdivisions
    16,574       559       (61 )     17,072       17,031       856       (9 )     17,878  
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    58,882       1,375       (291 )     59,966       56,546       1,655       (277 )     57,924  
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    8,200       4       (36 )     8,168       208       2       -       210  
Corporate and other securities
    20,963       163       (433 )     20,693       7,799       5       (427 )     7,377  
Total securities available for sale
  $ 108,822     $ 2,180     $ (821 )   $ 110,181     $ 86,858     $ 2,620     $ (713 )   $ 88,765  
                                                                 
Securities Held to maturity:
                                                               
State and political subdivisions
  $ 2,990     $ 253     $ -     $ 3,243     $ 2,992     $ 192     $ -     $ 3,184  
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    12,200       360       (22     12,538       13,083       329       (31 )     13,381  
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    2,690       463       -       3,153       2,696       618       -       3,314  
Total securities held to maturity
  $ 17,880     $ 1,076     $ (22 )   $ 18,934     $ 18,771     $ 1,139     $ (31 )   $ 19,879  
 
    This table provides the remaining contractual maturities and yields of securities within the investment portfolios.  The carrying value of securities at March 31, 2012 is primarily distributed by contractual maturity.  Mortgage-backed securities and other securities, which may have principal prepayment provisions, are distributed based on contractual maturity.  Expected maturities will differ materially from contractual maturities as a result of early prepayments and calls.  The total weighted average yield excludes equity securities.

   
Within one year
   
After one year
through five years
   
After five years
through ten years
   
After ten years
   
Total carrying value
 
(In thousands)
 
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
 
Available for sale at fair value:
                                                           
US Government sponsored entities
  $ -       - %   $ 1,865       1.47 %   $ 1,511       2.15 %   $ 906       3.68 %   $ 4,282       2.18 %
State and political subdivisions
    -       -       147       6.50       8,619       2.92       8,306       3.62       17,072       3.29  
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    72       3.87       209       3.53       1,436       4.52       58,249       2.92       59,966       2.96  
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    -       -       -       -       -       -       8,168       2.75       8,168       2.75  
Corporate and other securities
    -       -       2,344       2.77       4,941       3.55       13,408       2.35       20,693       2.69  
Total securities available for sale
  $ 72       3.87  %   $ 4,565       2.39 %   $ 16,507       3.18 %   $ 89,037       2.89 %   $ 110,181       2.91 %
Held to maturity at cost:
                                                                               
State and political subdivisions
  $ -       - %   $ -       - %   $ -       - %   2,990       4.58 %   $ 2,990       4.58 %
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    -       -       728       4.57       1,497       4.92       9,975       3.00       12,200       3.33  
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    -       -       -       -       -       -       2,690       5.40       2,690       5.40  
Total securities held to maturity
  $ -       - %   $ 728       4.57 %   $ 1,497       4.92 %   $ 15,655       3.72 %   $ 17,880       3.85 %
 
 
 
Page 16 of 48

   
 
    The fair value of securities with unrealized losses by length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are as follows:
 
   
March 31, 2012
 
         
Less than 12 months
   
12 months and greater
   
Total
 
(In thousands)
 
Total
Number in a Loss Position
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
 
Avaliable for sale:                                          
State and political subdivisions     6       3,321      $ (61 )    $ -     -      $ 3,321      $  (61 )
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    13       16,732       (132 )     1,590       (159     18,322       (291 )
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    6       5,786       (36 )     -       -       5,786       (36 )
Corporate and other securities     9       9,421       (127     1,233       (306 )     10,654       (433 )
Total temporarily impaired investments
    34     35,260     (356 )   2,823     (465 )   38,083     (821 )
Held to maturity:                                                         
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    2     $ 957     $ (11   $ 413     (11   1,370     (22 )
Total temporarily impaired investments     2     957     (11   413     (11   1,370     (22
 
 
   
  December 31, 2011
 
         
Less than 12 months
   
12 months and greater
   
Total
 
(In thousands)
 
Total
Number in a Loss Position
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
 
Available for sale:
                                         
State and political subdivisions
    2     $ 424     $ (9 )   $ -     $ -     $ 424     $ (9 )
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    6       4,512       (80 )     871       (197 )     5,383       (277 )
Corporate and other securities
    8       5,038       (173     1,334       (254 )     6,372       (427 )
Total temporarily impaired securities available for sale
    16     $ 9,974     $ (262 )   $ 2,205     $ (451 )   $ 12,179     $ (713 )
Held to maturity:
                                                       
Residential mortgage-backed securities
    3     2,545     (4   542     (27 )   3,087     (31 )
Total temporarily impaired securities held to maturity
    3     $ 2,545     $ (4 )   $ 542     $ (27 )   $ 3,087     $ (31 )

Unrealized Losses
 
    The unrealized losses in each of the categories presented in the tables above are discussed in the paragraphs that follow:
 
State and political subdivision securities: The unrealized losses on investments in this type of security were caused by the increase in interest rate spreads.  The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the par value of the investments.  Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011. 
   
Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities:  The unrealized losses on investments in mortgage-backed securities were caused by increases in interest rate spreads or faster prepayment speeds.  The majority of contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.  It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price significantly less than the par value of the investment.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.
 
    Corporate and other securities: Included in this category are corporate debt securities, stock of other financial institutions, Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) investments, asset-backed securities, and trust preferred securities.  The unrealized losses on corporate debt securities were due to widening credit spreads and the unrealized losses on stock of other financial institutions and CRA investments were caused by decreases in the market prices of the shares.  The Company evaluated the prospects of the issuers and forecasted a recovery period; therefore it did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.  The unrealized losses on asset-backed securities were caused by increases in interest rate spreads.  The majority of contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by Sallie Mae as part of the Federal Family Education Loan ("FFEL") Program. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price significantly less than the par value of the investment.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.  The unrealized losses on trust preferred securities were caused by an inactive trading market and changes in market credit spreads.  At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, this category consisted of one single-issuer trust preferred security. The contractual terms do not allow the security to be settled at a price less than the par value.  Because the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity, the Company did not consider this security to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.
 
 
 
Page 17 of 48

 
 
 
Realized Gains and Losses and Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
 
    Gross realized gains (losses) on securities for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 are detailed in the table below:
 
    For the three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)
    2012       2011  
Available for sale:
               
Realized gains
  $ 228     $ 126  
Realized losses
    (4 )      (1 )
Net gains on sales of securities
  $  224     $  125  
 
    The net realized gains are included in noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as net security gains.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012, there were gross realized gains of $228 thousand and gross realized losses of $4 thousand.  The net realized gains during 2012 were a result of the following:
 
·  
The Company sold approximately $2.6 million in book value of available for sale mortgage-backed and municipal securities, resulting in pre-tax gains of approximately $228 thousand, partially offset by
·  
Losses of $4 thousand on the partial call of approximately $60 thousand in book value of one available for sale municipal security.
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, there were gross realized gains of $126 thousand and gross realized losses of $1 thousand.  The net realized gains during 2011 were a result of the following:
 
·  
The Company sold approximately $5.0 million in book value of available for sale mortgage-backed securities, resulting in pre-tax gains of approximately $126 thousand, partially offset by
·  
Losses of $1 thousand on the sale of approximately $30 thousand in book value of two mortgage-backed securities.
   
Pledged Securities
 
    Securities with a carrying value of $68.2 million and $81.1 million at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, were pledged to secure Government deposits, secure other borrowings and for other purposes required or permitted by law.  Included in these figures was $15.1 million and $27.7 million pledged against Government deposits at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
 
 
 
Page 18 of 48

 
 
 
Note 8.  Loans
 
The following table sets forth the classification of loans by class, including unearned fees, deferred costs and excluding the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
(In thousands)   March 31, 2012     December 31, 2011  
SBA loans
  $ 70,266     $ 71,843  
SBA 504 loans
    47,651       55,108  
Commercial loans
               
Commercial other
    22,838       26,542  
Commercial real estate
    252,093       246,824  
Commercial real estate construction
    9,930       9,738  
Residential mortgage loans
               
Residential mortgages
    122,079       123,843  
Residential construction     2,169       2,205  
Purchased mortgages
    7,944       8,042  
Consumer loans
               
Home equity
    45,705       46,935  
Consumer other
    2,077       1,512  
Total
  $ 582,752     $ 592,592  
 
    Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial entities.  Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower.  Credit risk, excluding SBA loans, tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by the Bank.  As a preferred SBA lender, a portion of the SBA portfolio is to borrowers outside the Company’s lending area.  However, during late 2008, the Company withdrew from SBA lending outside of its primary trade area, but continues to offer SBA loan products as an additional credit product within its primary trade area.  A description of the Company's different loan segments follows:
 
   SBA Loans:  SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products.  The Company’s SBA loans are generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment.  SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses' major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

   SBA 504 Loans:  The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. SBA 504  loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.  Generally, the Company has a 50 percent loan to value ratio on SBA 504 program loans at origination. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type.

   Commercial Loans:  Commercial credit is extended primarily to middle market and small business customers.  Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s market place for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans will generally be guaranteed in full or for a meaningful amount by the businesses' major owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type.

   Residential Mortgage and Consumer Loans:  The Company originates mortgage and consumer loans including principally residential real estate and home equity lines and loans.  Each loan type is evaluated on debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history and Company relationship with the borrower. 
 
    Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan.  A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans.  The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to credit administration policies and procedures.  Due diligence on loans begins when we initiate contact regarding a loan with a borrower.  Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan, and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval.  The loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality, as well as independent credit reviews by an outside firm.
 
    The Company's extension of credit is governed by the Credit Risk Policy which was established to control the quality of the Company's loans.  These policies and procedures are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on a regular basis.
 
Credit Ratings:
    For SBA 7(a), SBA 504 and commercial loans, management uses internally assigned risk ratings as the best indicator of credit quality.  A loan’s internal risk rating is updated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances warrant a change in risk rating.  The Company uses a 1 through 10 loan grading system that follows regulatory accepted definitions.
 
Pass:  Risk ratings of 1 through 6 are used for loans that are performing, as they meet, and are expected to continue to meet, all of the terms and conditions set forth in the original loan documentation, and are generally current on principal and interest payments.  These performing loans are termed “Pass”.
 
Special Mention:  Criticized loans are assigned a risk rating of 7 and termed “Special Mention”, as the borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management’s close attention.  If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Bank’s collateral and position.  While potentially weak, these borrowers are currently marginally acceptable and no loss of interest or principal is anticipated.  As a result, special mention assets do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Included in “Special Mention” could be turnaround situations, such as borrowers with deteriorating trends beyond one year, borrowers in start up or deteriorating industries, or borrowers with a poor market share in an average industry.  "Special Mention" loans may include an element of asset quality, financial flexibility, or below average management.  Management and ownership may have limited depth or experience.  Regulatory agencies have agreed on a consistent definition of “Special Mention” as an asset with potential weaknesses which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date.  This definition is intended to ensure that the “Special Mention” category is not used to identify assets that have as their sole weakness credit data exceptions or collateral documentation exceptions that are not material to the repayment of the asset.
 
Substandard:  Classified loans are assigned a risk rating of an 8 or 9, depending upon the prospect for collection, and deemed “Substandard”.  A risk rating of 8 is used for borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt.  The loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any.  Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned.  There is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected.  Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified “Substandard”.  
 
 
Page 19 of 48

 
 
    A risk rating of 9 is used for borrowers that have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan with a risk rating of 8, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important, reasonably specific pending factors that may work to strengthen the assets, the loans’ classification as estimated losses is deferred until a more exact status may be determined.   Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans.  Partial charge-offs are likely.
 
Loss:  Once a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, the risk rating becomes a 10, the loan is termed a “Loss”, and charged-off immediately.  Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these basically worthless assets even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
   
    For residential mortgage and consumer loans, management uses performing versus nonperforming as the best indicator of credit quality.  Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt.   These credit quality indicators are updated on an ongoing basis, as a loan is placed on nonaccrual status as soon as management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan.
 
   The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of March 31, 2012:

    March 31, 2012  
   
SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial Loans - Internal Risk Ratings
 
(In thousands)
 
Pass
   
Special Mention
   
Substandard
   
Total
 
SBA loans
  $ 50,511     $ 10,706     $ 9,049     $ 70,266  
SBA 504 loans
    34,613       4,098       8,940       47,651  
Commercial loans
                               
Commercial other
    17,297       788       4,753       22,838  
Commercial real estate
    195,503       45,891       10,699       252,093  
Commercial real estate construction
    8,648       882       400       9,930  
Total commercial loans
    221,448       47,561       15,852       284,861  
Total SBA, SBA 504 and Commercial loans   $ 306,572     $ 62,365     $ 33,841     $ 402,778  

   
March 31, 2012
 
   
Residential Mortgage & Consumer Loans - Performing/Nonperforming
 
(In thousands)
 
Performing
   
Nonperforming
   
Total
 
Residential mortgage loans
                 
Residential mortgages
  $ 120,193     $ 1,886     $ 122,079  
Residential construction
    -       2,169       2,169  
Purchased residential mortgages
    5,992       1,952       7,944  
Total residential mortgage loans
    126,185       6,007       132,192  
Consumer loans
                       
Home equity
    45,369       336       45,705  
Consumer other
    2,064       13       2,077  
Total consumer loans
  $ 47,433     $ 349     $ 47,782  
Total loans
                  $ 582,752  
 
The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of December 31, 2011: 
 
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial Loans - Internal Risk Ratings
 
(In thousands)
 
Pass
   
Special Mention
   
Substandard
   
Total
 
SBA loans
  $ 49,568     $ 8,900     $ 13,375     $ 71,843  
SBA 504 loans
    39,566       5,543       9,999       55,108  
Commercial loans
                               
Commercial other
    20,921       1,160       4,461       26,542  
Commercial real estate
    187,680       49,231       9,913       246,824  
Commercial real estate construction
    8,255       883       600       9,738  
Total commercial loans
    216,856       51,274       14,974       283,104  
Total SBA, SBA 504 and commercial loans   $ 305,990     $ 65,717     $ 38,348     $ 410,055  

   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Residential Mortgage & Consumer Loans - Performing/Nonperforming
 
(In thousands)
 
Performing
   
Nonperforming
   
Total
 
Residential mortgage loans
                 
Residential mortgages
  $ 122,012     $ 1,831     $ 123,843  
Residential construction
    36       2,169       2,205  
Purchased residential mortgages
    6,005       2,037       8,042  
Total residential mortgage loans
    128,053       6,037       134,090  
Consumer loans
                       
Home equity
    46,676       259       46,935  
Consumer other
    1,503       9       1,512  
Total consumer loans
  $ 48,179     $ 268     $ 48,447  
Total loans
                  $ 592,592  
 
   
 
Page 20 of 48

 
 
 
Nonperforming and Past Due Loans:
    Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt.  When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, interest accruals discontinue and all past due interest previously recognized as income is reversed and charged against current period income.  Generally, until the loan becomes current, any payments received from the borrower are applied to outstanding principal, until such time as management determines that the financial condition of the borrower and other factors merit recognition of a portion of such payments as interest income.  Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are not included in nonperforming loans and generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in a continuing process expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status.
 
    The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The current state of the economy and the downturn in the real estate market have resulted in increased loan delinquencies and defaults.  In some cases, these factors have also resulted in significant impairment to the value of loan collateral.  The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions, and knowledge of its local market.  In response to the credit risk in its portfolio, the Company has increased staffing in its credit monitoring department and increased efforts in the collection and analysis of borrowers’ financial statements and tax returns. 
 
   The following tables set forth an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans by loan class as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

   
March 31, 2012
 
(In thousands)
 
30-59 Days
 Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90+ Days and
Still Accruing
   
Nonaccrual (1)
   
Total Past Due
   
Current
   
Total Loans
 
SBA loans
  $ 4,713     $ 841     $ 355     $ 4,132     $ 10,041     $ 60,225     $ 70,266  
SBA 504 loans
    1,786       1,320       -       2,715       5,821       41,830       47,651  
Commercial loans
                                                       
Commercial other
    183       2       3       1,159       1,347       21,491       22,838  
Commercial real estate
    5,688       2,017       923       7,444       16,072       236,021       252,093  
Commercial real estate construction
    -       -       -       400       400       9,530       9,930  
Residential mortgage loans
                                                       
Residential mortgages
    3,868       -       1,884       1,886       7,638       114,441       122,079  
Residential construction
    -       -       -       2,169       2,169       -       2,169  
Purchased residential mortgages
    146       -       -       1,952       2,098       5,846       7,944  
Consumer loans
                                                       
Home equity
    697       125       -       336       1,158       44,547       45,705  
Consumer other
    1       3       -       13       17       2,060       2,077  
Total loans
  $ 17,082     $ 4,308     $ 3,165     $ 22,206     $ 46,761     $ 535,991     $ 582,752  

(1) At March 31, 2012, nonaccrual loans included $2.3 million of troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") and $555 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA.  The remaining $21.0 million of TDRs are in accrual status because they are performing in accordance with their restructured terms.
 
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90+ Days and
Still Accruing
   
Nonaccrual (1)
   
Total Past Due
   
Current
   
Total Loans
 
SBA loans
  $ 881     $ 225     $ 246     $ 5,859     $ 7,211     $ 64,632     $ 71,843  
SBA 504 loans
    2,006       -       -       2,086       4,092       51,016       55,108  
Commercial loans
                                                       
Commercial other
    1,158       -       192       815       2,165       24,377       26,542  
Commercial real estate
    2,493       3,119       949       7,104       13,665       233,159       246,824  
Commercial real estate construction
    -       -       -       600       600       9,138       9,738  
Residential mortgage loans
                                                       
Residential mortgages
    3,519       1,310       -       1,831       6,660       117,183       123,843  
Residential construction
    -       -       36       2,169       2,205       -       2,205  
Purchased residential mortgages
    149       -       -       2,037       2,186       5,856       8,042  
Consumer loans
                                                       
Home equity
    338       199       988       259       1,784       45,151       46,935  
Consumer other
    1       3       -       9       13       1,499       1,512  
Total loans
  $ 10,545     $ 4,856     $ 2,411     $ 22,769     $ 40,581     $ 552,011     $ 592,592  
   
(1) At December 31, 2011, nonaccrual loans included $3.6 million of TDRs and $939 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA.  The remaining $17.4 million of TDRs are in accrual status because they are performing in accordance with their restructured terms.
 
 
 
Page 21 of 48

 
   
 
Impaired Loans:
    The Company has defined impaired loans to be all nonperforming loans and troubled debt restructurings.  Management considers a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract.  Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature, (consumer and residential mortgage loans), and on an individual basis for other loans.  
 
    The following tables provide detail on the Company’s impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
   
March 31, 2012
 
(In thousands)
 
Outstanding Principal Balance
   
Specific Reserves
   
Net Exposure
(balance less specific reserves)
 
With no related allowance:
                 
SBA loans (1)
  $ 1,880     $ -     $ 1,880  
SBA 504 loans
    7,073       -       7,073  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    4,269       -       4,269  
Commercial real estate
    6,925       -       6,925  
    Commercial real estate construction     400       -       400  
Total commercial loans
    11,594       -       11,594  
Total impaired loans with no related allowance
  $ 20,547     $ -     $ 20,547  
                         
With an allowance:
                       
SBA loans(1)
  $ 3,036     $ 975     $ 2,061  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    115       115       -  
Commercial real estate
    12,581       2,791       9,790  
Total commercial loans
    12,696       2,906       9,790  
Total impaired loans with a related allowance
  $ 15,732     $ 3,881     $ 11,851  
                         
Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
                 
SBA loans (1)
  $ 4,916     $ 975     $ 3,941  
SBA 504 loans
    7,073       -       7,073  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    4,384       115       4,269  
Commercial real estate
    19,506       2,791       16,715  
Commercial real estate construction
    400       -       400  
Total commercial loans
    24,290       2,906       21,384  
Total individually evaluated impaired loans
  $ 36,279     $ 3,881     $ 32,398  
                         
Homogeneous collectively evaluated impaired loans:
         
Residential mortgage loans
                       
Residential mortgages
  $ 1,886     $ -     $ 1,886  
Residential construction     2,169               2,169  
Purchased mortgages
    1,952       -       1,952  
Total residential mortgage loans
    6,007       -       6,007  
Consumer loans
                       
Home equity
    336       -       336  
Consumer other
     13        -       13  
Total consumer loans
    349       -       349  
Total homogeneous collectively evaluated impaired loans
  6,356     -     6,356  
                         
Total impaired loans
  $ 42,635     $ 3,881     $ 38,754  
 
(1) Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the Small Business Administration of $555 thousand at March 31, 2012.
 
 
 
Page 22 of 48

 
 
 
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
Outstanding Principal Balance
   
Specific Reserves
   
Net Exposure
(balance less specific reserves)
 
With no related allowance:
                 
SBA loans (1)
  $ 1,553     $ -     $ 1,553  
SBA 504 loans
    5,331       -       5,331  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    1,725       -       1,725  
Commercial real estate
    6,197       -       6,197  
Total commercial loans
    7,922       -       7,922  
Total impaired loans with no related allowance
  $ 14,806     $ -     $ 14,806  
                         
With an allowance:
                       
SBA loans(1)
  $ 4,763     $ 1,694     $ 3,069  
SBA 504 loans
    1,127       1       1,126  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other      75        75        -  
Commercial real estate
    11,589       2,530       9,059  
Commercial real estate construction
    600       149       451  
Total commercial loans
    12,264       2,754       9,510  
Total impaired loans with a related allowance
  $ 18,154     $ 4,449     $ 13,705  
                         
Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
                 
SBA loans (1)
  $ 6,316     $ 1,694     $ 4,622  
SBA 504 loans
    6,458       1       6,457  
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    1,800       75       1,725  
Commercial real estate
    17,786       2,530       15,256  
Commercial real estate construction
    600       149       451  
Total commercial loans
    20,186       2,754       17,432  
Total individually evaluated impaired loans
  $ 32,960     $ 4,449     $ 28,511  
                         
Homogeneous collectively evaluated impaired loans:
         
Residential mortgage loans
                       
Residential mortgages
  $ 1,831     $ -     $ 1,831  
Residential construction      2,169        -       2,169  
Purchased mortgages
    2,037       -       2,037  
Total residential mortgage loans
    6,037       -       6,037  
Consumer loans
                       
Home equity
    259       -       259  
Consumer Other      9        -        9  
Total consumer loans
     268        -        268  
Total homogeneous collectively evaluated for impaired loans
  6,305     -     6,305  
                         
Total impaired loans
  $ 39,265     $ 4,449     $ 34,816  
 
(1) Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the SBA of $939 thousand at December 31, 2011.
 
 
 
Page 23 of 48

 

 
    The following table presents the average recorded investments in impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized during the time period in which the loans were impaired for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.  The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of impaired loans.  When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method, therefore no interest income is recognized.  Any interest income recognized on a cash basis during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was immaterial.  The interest recognized on impaired loans noted below represents accruing troubled debt restructurings only.
 
   
For the three months ended
 
    March 31, 2012     March 31, 2011  
(In thousands)
 
Average Recorded Investment
   
Interest Income Recognized on Impaired Loans
   
Average Recorded Investment
   
Interest Income Recognized on Impaired Loans
 
SBA loans (1)
  $ 5,754     $ 56     $ 6,783     $ 43  
SBA 504 loans
    6,463       70       10,255       92  
Commercial loans
                               
Commercial other
    2,769       21       509       -  
Commercial real estate
    18,360       130       10,731       57  
Commercial real estate construction
    533       -       1,051       -  
Residential mortgage loans
                               
Residential mortgages
    1,650       -       2,217       -  
Residential construction     2,169       -       -          
Purchased mortgages
    2,006       -       2,143       -  
Consumer loans
                               
Home equity
    285       -       228       -  
Consumer other
     11       -        -        -  
Total
  $ 40,000     $ 277     $ 33,917     $ 192  
 
(1) Balances are reduced by the average amount guaranteed by the Small Business Administration of $639 thousand and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
 
 
 
Page 24 of 48

 
 
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
    The Company's loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”).  TDRs occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider, unless it results in a delay in payment that is insignificant.  These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, or a combination of both.  When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates for any possible impairment using either the discounted cash flows method, where the value of the modified loan is based on the present value of expected cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or by using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs.  If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by segment or class of loan, as applicable, through an allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance.  This process is used, regardless of loan type, as well as for loans modified as TDRs that subsequently default on their modified terms.  Effective September 30, 2011, the Company adopted the amendments in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310): A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring, and did not identify any additional TDRs as a result of this adoption. 
 
    TDRs of $23.3 million are included in the impaired loan numbers listed above, of which $2.3 million are in nonaccrual status.  The remaining TDRs are in accrual status since they continue to perform in accordance with their restructured terms.  There are no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans. 
 
    The following table details loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2012, including the number of modifications, the recorded investment at the time of the modification and the quarter-to-date impact to interest income as a result of the modification.  There were no loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months where a concession was made and the loan subsequently defaulted at some point during the three months ended March 31, 2012.  In this case, subsequent default is defined as being transferred to nonaccrual status. 
 
    For the three months ended March 31, 2012
(In thousands, except number of contracts)  
Number of Contracts
   
Recorded Investment at Time of Modification
   
Impact of Interest Rate Change on Income
 
Commercial loans
                       
Commercial other
    3     $ 1,291     $ -  
Commercial real estate     3       1,856       -  
Total
    6     $ 3,147     $ -  
   
During the three months ended March 31, 2012, TDRs consisted of interest only periods; there was no principal forgiveness.  The following table shows the types of modifications done during the three months ended March 31, 2012, with the respective loan balances as of March 31, 2012:
 
    March 31, 2012   
(In thousands)
 
Commercial other
   
Commercial real estate
   
Total
 
Type of Modification:
                 
Interest only
  $ 1,291     $ 1,856     $ 3,147  
Total TDRs
  $ 1,291     $ 1,856     $ 3,147  
 
 
 
Page 25 of 48

 
 
 
Note 9.Allowance for Loan Losses & Unfunded Loan Commitments
 
Allowance for Loan Losses:
    The Company has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  At a minimum, the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is reviewed by management on a quarterly basis.  For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has segmented the loans in its portfolio by loan type.  Loans are segmented into the following pools: SBA 7(a), SBA 504, Commercial, Residential Mortgages, and Consumer loans.  Certain portfolio segments are further broken down into classes based on the associated risks within those segments and the type of collateral underlying each loan.  Commercial loans are divided into the following three classes: Real Estate, Real Estate Construction and Other.  Residential Mortgage loans are divided into the following two classes: Residential Mortgages and Purchased Mortgages.  Consumer loans are divided into two classes as follows:  Home Equity and Other.  
 
    The standardized methodology used to assess the adequacy of the allowance includes the allocation of specific and general reserves.  The same standard methodology is used, regardless of loan type.  Specific reserves are made to individual impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (see Note 1 for additional information on this term).  The general reserve is set based upon a representative average historical net charge-off rate adjusted for the following environmental factors: delinquency and impairment trends, charge-off and recovery trends, restructured loans, volume and loan term trends, risk and underwriting policy trends, staffing and experience changes, national and local economic trends, industry conditions and credit concentration changes.  Beginning in the third quarter of 2009, when calculating the five-year historical net charge-off rate, the Company weights the past three years more heavily due to the higher amount of charge-offs experienced during those years.  All of the environmental factors are ranked and assigned a basis points value based on the following scale: low, low moderate, moderate, high moderate, and high risk.  Each environmental factor is evaluated separately for each class of loans and risk weighted based on its individual characteristics. 
 
·  
For SBA 7(a), SBA 504 and commercial loans, the estimate of loss based on pools of loans with similar characteristics is made through the use of a standardized loan grading system that is applied on an individual loan level and updated on a continuous basis.  The loan grading system incorporates  reviews of the financial performance of the borrower, including cash flow, debt-service coverage ratio, earnings power, debt level and equity position, in conjunction with an assessment of the borrower's industry and future prospects.  It also incorporates analysis of the type of collateral and the relative loan to value ratio.
·  
For residential mortgage and consumer loans,  the estimate of loss is based on pools of loans with similar characteristics.  Factors such as credit score, delinquency status and type of collateral are evaluated.  Factors are updated frequently to capture the recent behavioral characteristics of the subject portfolios, as well as any changes in loss mitigation or credit origination strategies, and adjustments to the reserve factors are made as needed. 
   
    According to the Company’s policy, a loss (“charge-off”) is to be recognized and charged to the allowance for loan losses as soon as a loan is recognized as uncollectable.  All credits which are 90 days past due must be analyzed for the Company’s ability to collect on the credit.  Once a loss is known to exist, the charge-off approval process is immediately expedited.  This charge-off policy is followed for all loan types.
 
    The allocated allowance is the total of identified specific and general reserves by loan category.  The allocation is not necessarily indicative of the categories in which future losses may occur.  The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any segment of the portfolio.
 
    The following tables detail the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.  
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2012
(In thousands)
 
SBA
   
SBA 504
   
Commercial
   
Residential
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses:
                                         
Beginning balance
  $ 4,088     $ 1,423     $ 8,129     $ 1,703     $ 536     $ 469     $ 16,348  
Charge-offs
    (615 )     (227     (346 )     (113 )     -       -       (1,301 )
Recoveries
    53       28       11       -       -       -       92  
Net charge-offs
    (562 )     (199 )     (335 )     (113     -       -       (1,209 )
Provision for loan losses charged to expense
    113       61       567       180       (9 )     288       1,200  
Ending balance
  $ 3,639     $  1,285     $ 8,361     $  1,770     $ 527     $ 757     $ 16,339  
 
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2011
(In thousands)
 
SBA
   
SBA 504
   
Commercial
   
Residential
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses:
                                         
Beginning balance
  $ 4,198     $ 1,551     $ 6,011     $ 1,679     $ 586     $ 339     $ 14,364  
Charge-offs
    (711 )     (300     (548 )     (142 )     -       -       (1,701 )
Recoveries
    8       -       98       4       2       -       112  
Net charge-offs
    (703 )     (300 )     (450 )     (138 )     2       -       (1,589 )
Provision for loan losses charged to expense
    759       371       1,224       258        (61     (51     2,500  
Ending balance
  $ 4,254     $ 1,622     $ 6,785     $  1,799     $ 527     $ 288     $ 15,275  
 
   
 
Page 26 of 48

 
   
    The following table presents loans and their related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment, as of March 31, 2012:
 
    March 31, 2012  
(In thousands)
 
SBA
   
SBA 504
   
Commercial
   
Residential
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for Loan Losses ending balance:
                                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 975     $ -     $  2,906     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 3,881  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
     2,664        1,285        5,455        1,770       527       757        12,458  
Total
  $  3,639     $  1,285     $  8,361     $  1,770     $ 527     $ 757     $ 16,339  
                                                         
Loan ending balances:
                                                       
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 4,916     $ 7,073     $ 24,290     $ -     $  -     $ -     $ 36,279  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    65,350       40,578       260,571        132,192       47,782       -       546,473  
Total
  $ 70,266     $ 47,651     $ 284,861     $ 132,192     $  47,782     $ -     $ 582,752  
 
    The following table presents loans and their related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment, as of December 31, 2011:
 
      December 31, 2011   
(In thousands)     SBA       SBA 504       Commercial       Residential       Consumer       Unallocated       Total  
Allowance for Loan Losses ending balance:
                                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 1,694     $ 1     $ 2,754     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 4,449  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
      2,394        1,422        5,375       1,703       536       469       11,899  
Total
  $  4,088     $  1,423     $ 8,129     $  1,703     $ 536     $  469     $ 16,348  
                                                         
Loan ending balances:
                                                       
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 6,316     $  6,458     $  20,186     $ -     $  -     $ -     $ 32,960  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    65,527        48,650        262,918        134,090       48,447       -       559,632  
Total
  $   71,843     $ 55,108     $  283,104     $  134,090     $  48,447     $ -     $ 592,592  
 
Changes in Methodology:
    The Company did not make any changes to its allowance for loan losses methodology in the current period.
 
Unfunded Loan Commitments:
    In addition to the allowance for loan losses, the Company maintains an allowance for unfunded loan commitments that is maintained at a level that management believes is adequate to absorb estimated probable losses.  Adjustments to the allowance are made through other expense and applied to the allowance which is maintained in other liabilities.  At March 31, 2012, a $93 thousand commitment reserve was reported on the balance sheet as an “other liability”, compared to a $79 thousand commitment reserve at December 31, 2011.
 
 
 
Page 27 of 48

 
 
 
Note 10.  New Accounting Pronouncements
 
    ASU No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.  In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This ASU will require companies to disclose gross and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement.  The scope will include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements.   The amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2012.  The amendment is not expected to impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
   
    ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment.  In September 2011, the FAS issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This ASU allows companies to use a qualitative approach to test goodwill for impairment.  An entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Topic 350.  The more likely than not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50 percent.  The amendments are effective for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  The amendment is not expected to impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
    ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, with the intent of converging U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) requirements for measurement of and disclosures about fair value. Key provisions of the amendment include: a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities are required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. The Company adopted this amendment effective March 31, 2012 with no impact to the Company’s fair value measurements, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
    ASU No. 2011-03, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements.  In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-03, which amends the sale accounting requirement concerning a transferor’s ability to repurchase transferred financial assets even in the event of default by the transferee, which typically is facilitated in a repurchase agreement by the presence of a collateral maintenance provision. Specifically, the level of cash collateral received by a transferor is longer relevant in determining whether a repurchase agreement constitutes a sale. As a result of this amendment, more repurchase agreements are treated as secured financings rather than sales. The Company adopted this amendment effective March 31, 2012, however, since all repurchase agreements entered into by the Company are deemed secured financing transactions, this amendment did not impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
 
 
Page 28 of 48

 
 

 ITEM 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
    The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the 2011 consolidated audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.  When necessary, reclassifications have been made to prior period data throughout the following discussion and analysis for purposes of comparability. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which may be identified by the use of such words as “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “should”, “planned”, “estimated” and “potential”.  Examples of forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, estimates with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of Unity Bancorp, Inc. that are subject to various factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates.  These factors include, in addition to those items contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K under Item IA-Risk Factors, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, the following: changes in general, economic, and market conditions, legislative and regulatory conditions, or the development of an interest rate environment that adversely affects Unity Bancorp, Inc.’s interest-rate spread or other income anticipated from operations and investments.
 
Overview
 
    Unity Bancorp, Inc. (the “Parent Company”) is incorporated in New Jersey and is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.  Its wholly-owned subsidiary, Unity Bank (the “Bank” or, when consolidated with the Parent Company, the “Company”) was granted a charter by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance and commenced operations on September 13, 1991.  The Bank provides a full range of commercial and retail banking services through 15 branch offices located in Hunterdon, Somerset, Middlesex, Union and Warren counties in New Jersey, and Northampton County in Pennsylvania.  These services include the acceptance of demand, savings, and time deposits and the extension of consumer, real estate, Small Business Administration and other commercial credits. Unity Investment Services, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, is used to hold part of the Bank’s investment portfolio.
 
    Unity (NJ) Statutory Trust II is a statutory business trust and wholly owned subsidiary of Unity Bancorp, Inc. On July 24, 2006, the Trust issued $10.0 million of trust preferred securities to investors.  Unity (NJ) Statutory Trust III is a statutory business trust and wholly owned subsidiary of Unity Bancorp, Inc. On December 19, 2006, the Trust issued $5.0 million of trust preferred securities to investors.  These floating rate securities are treated as subordinated debentures on the Company’s financial statements.  However, they qualify as Tier I Capital for regulatory capital compliance purposes, subject to certain limitations.  The Company does not consolidate the accounts and related activity of any of its business trust subsidiaries.
 
Earnings Summary
 
Net income available to common shareholders totaled $509 thousand, or $0.07 per diluted share for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, compared to a net loss attributable to common shareholders of $164 thousand, or $0.02 per diluted share for the same period a year ago.  The continued improvement in our operating results is the result of our strategic initiatives, including a reduction in the portfolio of loans outside our footprint, expansion of our in-market business relationships and further reduction of our cost of funds.  Net interest income has been impacted by the sustained low interest rate environment, which the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) forecasts will continue into 2014.  This rate environment has resulted in a tighter net interest margin as our earning assets continue to re-price at lower rates.  Partially offsetting these declines are lower funding costs.  However, as the Bank has been steadily reducing rates on its deposit products, the reduction in yield on earning assets is anticipated to exceed the benefits of further declines in the cost of funds.
 
The Company's accomplishments during the first quarter of 2012 include the following:
 
·  
Noninterest income increased 36.7 percent over the same period in the prior year, due to increased gains on mortgage and SBA loan sales,
·  
Core deposits, which exclude time deposits, increased $8.6 million during the quarter, improving our deposit mix,
·  
Shareholders' equity increased $444 thousand from year-end 2011, primarily due to the increase in net income,
·  
Nonperforming assets decreased $2.0 million during the quarter, and
·   The Company remains well-capitalized.
 
The Company's quarterly performance ratios may be found in the table below.
 
        For the three months ended March 31,    
       2012        2011    
Net income (loss) per common share - Basic (1)
  $  0.07     (0.02  
Net income (loss) per common share - Diluted (1)
  $  0.07      (0.02  
Return on average assets
     0.45 %     0.11  
Return (loss) on average common equity (2)
    3.81 %     (1.31 )%   
Efficiency ratio
    71.80 %     71.56  

(1) Defined as net income adjusted for dividends accrued and accretion of discount on perpetual preferred stock divided by weighted average shares outstanding.
(2) Defined as net income adjusted for dividends accrued and accretion of discount on perpetual preferred stock divided by average shareholders’ equity (excluding preferred stock).
 

 
Page 29 of 48

 

  
Net Interest Income

The primary source of income for the Company is net interest income, the difference between the interest earned on earning assets such as investments and loans, and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings.  Factors that impact the Company’s net interest income include the interest rate environment, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the competitive nature of the Company’s marketplace.
 
    Our net interest income has been adversely impacted by the sustained low interest rate environment, which the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) forecasts will continue into 2014.  This rate environment has resulted in a tighter net interest margin as our earning assets continue to re-price at lower rates.  Partially offsetting these declines are lower funding costs, however the reduction in yield on earning assets is anticipated to exceed the benefits of further declines in the cost of funds.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2012, tax-equivalent interest income decreased $1.2 million or 11.4 percent to $9.1 million when compared to the same period in the prior year.  This decrease was driven by the lower average yield on earning assets and a shift in the mix of earning assets as average loans decreased and Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits increased:
 
·  
Of the $1.2 million decrease in interest income on a tax-equivalent basis, $777 thousand was attributed to reduced yields on average interest-earning assets and $392 thousand was attributable to the decrease in volume of average interest-earning assets.
·  
The average volume of interest-earning assets decreased $697 thousand to $777.4 million for the first quarter of 2012 compared to $778.1 million for the same period in 2011. This was due primarily to a $27.9 million decrease in average loans, a $4.1 million decrease in average investment securities, and a $118 thousand decrease in Federal Home Loan Bank stock, partially offset by a $31.4 million increase in Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits.
·  
The yield on interest-earning assets decreased 63 basis points to 4.71 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011, due to continued re-pricing in a lower overall interest rate environment.  Yields on most earning assets, particularly those with variable rates, fell due to these lower market rates.

Total interest expense was $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, a decrease of $517 thousand or 18.7 percent compared to the same period in 2011.  This decrease was driven by the lower overall interest rate environment combined with the shift in deposit mix away from higher priced products and a decrease in the average volume of interest-bearing liabilities:
 
·  
Of the $517 thousand decrease in interest expense, $409 thousand was attributed to a decrease in the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities and $108 thousand was due to the decrease in the volume of average interest-bearing liabilities.
·  
Interest-bearing liabilities averaged $639.7 million for the first quarter of 2012, a decrease of $18.7 million or 2.8 percent, compared to the first quarter of 2011.  The decrease in interest-bearing liabilities was a result of a decrease in average time deposits and average savings deposits, partially offset by an increase in interest-bearing demand deposits.
·  
The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 29 basis points to 1.41 percent, primarily due to the repricing of deposits in a lower interest rate environment.  The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 27 basis points to 1.03 percent for the first quarter of 2012 and the cost of borrowed funds and subordinated debentures decreased 50 basis points to 3.70 percent.
·  
The lower cost of funding was also attributed to a shift in the mix of deposits from higher cost time deposits to lower cost savings deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits.
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2012, tax-equivalent net interest income amounted to $6.9 million, a decrease of $652 thousand or 8.7 percent when compared to the same period in 2011.  Net interest margin decreased 36 basis points to 3.56 percent for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, compared to 3.92 percent for the same period in 2011.  The net interest spread was 3.30 percent for the first quarter of 2012, a 34 basis point decrease from 3.64 for the same period in 2011.
 
The following table reflects the components of net interest income, setting forth for the periods presented herein: (1) average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, (2) interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities, (3) average yields earned on interest-earning assets and average rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, (4) net interest spread (which is the average yield on interest-earning assets less the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities), and (5) net interest income/margin on average earning assets. Rates/Yields are computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 34 percent.
 
 
 
Page 30 of 48

 

Consolidated Average Balance Sheets
 
(Dollar amounts in thousands - interest amounts and interest rates/yields on a fully tax-equivalent basis)
For the three months ended March 31,
 
2012
   
2011
 
   
Average
         
Rate/
   
Average
         
Rate/
 
   
Balance
   
Interest
   
Yield
   
Balance
   
Interest
   
Yield
 
ASSETS
                                   
                                     
Interest-earning assets:
                                   
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits
 
$
64,660
   
$
32
     
0.20
%
 
$
33,252
   
$
11
     
0.13
%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
4,088
     
51
     
5.02
     
4,206
     
66
     
6.36
 
Securities:
                                               
Available for sale
   
102,101
     
782
     
3.06
     
105,027
     
912
     
3.47
 
Held to maturity
   
18,374
     
180
     
3.92
     
19,516
     
292
     
5.98
 
Total securities (A)
   
120,475
     
962
     
3.19
     
124,543
     
1,204
     
3.87
 
Loans, net of unearned discount:
                                               
SBA
   
71,760
     
924
     
5.15
     
85,861
     
1,236
     
5.76
 
SBA 504
   
51,710
     
759
     
5.90
     
61,998
     
955
     
6.25
 
Commercial
   
284,237
     
4,183
     
5.92
     
282,605
     
4,306
     
6.18
 
Residential mortgage
   
132,824
     
1,655
     
4.98
     
130,745
     
1,831
     
5.60
 
Consumer
   
47,608
     
560
     
4.73
     
54,849
     
686
     
5.07
 
Total loans (B)
   
588,139
     
8,081
     
5.52
     
616,058
     
9,014
     
5.91
 
Total interest-earning assets
 
$
777,362
   
$
9,126
     
4.71
%
 
$
778,059
   
$
10,295
     
5.34
%
Noninterest-earning assets:
                                               
Cash and due from banks
   
15,949
                     
17,764
                 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(16,788
                   
(15,054
               
Other assets
   
40,287
                     
39,767
                 
Total noninterest-earning assets
   
39,448
                     
42,477
                 
Total Assets
 
$
816,810
                   
$
820,536
                 
                                                 
                                                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                               
Interest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
$
108,988
   
$
136
     
0.50
%
 
$
103,550
   
$
139
     
0.54
%
Savings deposits
   
283,261
     
354
     
0.50
     
289,805
     
581
     
0.81
 
Time deposits
   
156,999
     
913
     
2.34
     
174,620
     
1,097
     
2.55
 
Total interest-bearing deposits
   
549,248
     
1,403
     
1.03
     
567,975
     
1,817
     
1.30
 
Borrowed funds and subordinated debentures
   
90,465
     
847
     
3.70
     
90,465
     
950
     
4.20
 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
$
639,713
   
$
2,250
     
1.41
%
 
$
658,440
   
$
2,767
     
1.70
%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Demand deposits
   
100,496
                     
88,797
                 
Other liabilities
   
3,249
                     
3,530
                 
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities
   
103,745
                     
92,327
                 
Shareholders’ equity
   
73,352
                     
69,769
                 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
$
816,810
                   
$
820,536
                 
Net interest spread
         
$
6,876
     
3.30
%
         
$
7,528
     
3.64
%
Tax-equivalent basis adjustment
           
(68
                   
(53
       
Net interest income
         
$
6,808
                   
$
7,475
         
Net interest margin                      3.56 %                      3.92 %
 
(A)  
Yields related to securities exempt from federal and state income taxes are stated on a fully tax-equivalent basis.  They are reduced by the nondeductible portion of interest expense, assuming a federal tax rate of 34 percent and applicable state tax rates.
(B)  
The loan averages are stated net of unearned income, and the averages include loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued.
 
 
 
Page 31 of 48

 
 

    The rate volume table below presents an analysis of the impact on interest income and expense resulting from changes in average volume and rates over the periods presented. Changes that are not due to volume or rate variances have been allocated proportionally to both, based on their relative absolute values. Amounts have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 34 percent.
 
   
Three months ended March 31, 2012 versus March 31, 2011
   
   
Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in
   
(In thousands on a tax-equivalent basis)
  Volume      Rate      Net    
Interest Income:
                         
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits
 
 13
   
8
 
 
21
   
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
 (2
   
 (13
   
(15
 
Investment securities
   
 (40
)
   
(202
   
 (242
 
Net loans
   
 (363
   
 (570
   
 (933
 
Total interest income
 
 (392
 
 (777
 
 (1,169
 
Interest Expense:
                         
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
7
   
 (10
 
 (3
 
Savings deposits
   
(13
   
 (214
   
 (227
 
Time deposits
   
 (102
   
 (82
   
 (184
 
Total deposits
   
 (108
   
 (306
   
 (414
 
Borrowed funds and subordinated debentures
   
-
 
   
 (103
)
   
 (103
 
Total interest expense
   
 (108
   
 (409
   
 (517
 
Net interest income – fully tax-equivalent
 
 (284
 
 (368
 
 (652
 
Increase in tax-equivalent adjustment
                   
 (15
 
Net interest income
                 
 (667
 
 
Provision for Loan Losses
 
The provision for loan losses totaled $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  Each period’s loan loss provision is the result of management’s analysis of the loan portfolio and reflects changes in the size and composition of the portfolio, the level of net charge-offs, delinquencies, current economic conditions and other internal and external factors impacting the risk within the loan portfolio. Additional information may be found under the captions “Financial Condition-Asset Quality” and “Financial Condition - Allowance for Loan Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments.” The current provision is considered appropriate under management’s assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.
 
Noninterest Income
 
Our noninterest income consists primarily of branch and loan fee income, gains on the sale of SBA and mortgage loans and BOLI income.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012, noninterest income amounted to $1.7 million, an increase of $460 thousand from the prior year period.  The increase during the three month-period was primarily due to increased gains on the sale of mortgage loans and securities.
 
The following table shows the components of noninterest income for the three three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(In thousands)
   
 2012
     
 2011
 
Branch fee income
 
$
386
   
344
 
Service and loan fee income
   
302
     
 243
 
Gain on sale of SBA loans held for sale, net
   
157
     
 111
 
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net
   
411
     
 169
 
BOLI income
   
73
     
 73
 
Net security gains
   
224
     
 125
 
Other income
   
162
     
 190
 
Total noninterest income
 
$
 1,715
   
 1,255
 
 
Changes in our noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 versus the three months ended March 31, 2011 reflect:
 
·  
Branch fee income, which consists of deposit service charges and overdraft fees, increased 12.2 percent as increased overdraft activity offset reduced deposit account service charges.
·  
Service and loan fee income increased $59 thousand due to higher servicing fee income, partially offset by reduced payoff charges and other processing fees.
·  
Gains on SBA loan sales amounted to $157 thousand on $1.9 million in sales and $111 thousand on $1.2 million in sales for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
·  
Gains on the sale of mortgage loans amounted to $411 thousand, an increase of $242 thousand.  This increase is directly related to the volume of mortgage loans originated and sold.  Sales of mortgage loans totaled $21.2 million and $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
·  
The increase in the cash surrender value of BOLI remained flat at $73 thousand.
·  
Net realized gains on the sale of securities amounted to $224 thousand and $125 thousand, respectively.  For additional information, see Note 7 - Securities.
·  
Other income decreased $28 thousand when compared to the same period in the prior year.
 
 
 
Page 32 of 48

 
 
 
 
Noninterest Expense
Total noninterest expense was $6.0 million for the first quarter of 2012, a decrease of $199 thousand or 3.2 percent from the same period a year go.  This decrease was due primarily to FDIC deposit insurance savings and reduced occupancy expenses. 
 
The following table presents a breakdown of noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(In thousands)
   
 2012
     
 2011
 
Compensation and benefits
 
$
3,182
   
3,057
 
Occupancy
   
609
     
 720
 
Processing and communications
   
534
     
 507
 
Furniture and equipment
   
362
     
 384
 
Professional services
   
190
     
202
 
Loan collection costs
   
 180
     
 224
 
OREO expenses
   
124
     
 222
 
Deposit insurance
   
171
     
 319
 
Advertising
   
146
     
 118
 
Other expenses
   
461
     
 405
 
Total noninterest expense
 
$
5,959
   
 6,158
 
 
Changes in noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 versus the three months ended March 31, 2011 reflect:

·  
Compensation and benefits expense, the largest component of noninterest expense, increased $125 thousand, due to higher payroll expenses, mortgage origination commissions and equity compensation related costs.
·  
Occupancy expense decreased $111 thousand, as the mild winter resulted in lower snow removal costs and prior year branch closures resulted in lower rental and leasehold depreciation expenses.
·  
Processing and communications expenses increased $27 thousand.  The increase was primarily due to increased ATM charges for card ordering.
·  
Furniture and equipment expense decreased $22 thousand.  This decrease was primarily due to lower depreciation expenses as a result of lower capital expenditures, partially offset by losses on the disposal of furniture and equipment.
·  
Professional service fees decreased $12 thousand.  This decrease was primarily due to lower expenses accrued for supervisory exams and legal fees.
·  
Loan collection costs decreased $44 thousand, due to lower loan legal, forced placed insurance and other collection related expenses.
·  
OREO expenses decreased $98 thousand, due to lower maintenance, utility and legal related expenses, partially offset by losses on the sale of OREO properties.
·  
Deposit insurance expense decreased $148 thousand.  Effective April 1, 2011, the FDIC modified its assessment calculation method from a deposits-based method to an assets-based method.  This resulted in a significantly lower assessment for the Company.
·  
Advertising expense increased $28 thousand.  This increase is primarily due to heightened promotions related to the Company's opening of the new Washington branch and other increased marketing efforts.
·  
Other expenses increased $56 thousand, primarily due to an increased reserve for outstanding loan commitments, and higher NJ sales tax and insurance premiums.
 
 Income Tax Expense
 
    For the quarter ended March 31, 2012, the Company reported income tax expense of $459 thousand for an effective tax rate of 33.7 percent, compared to an income tax benefit of $148 thousand in the prior year’s quarter.
 
 
 
Page 33 of 48

 

 
Financial Condition at March 31, 2012
 
Total assets decreased $648 thousand or 0.1 percent, to $810.2 million at March 31, 2012, compared to $810.8 million at December 31, 2011. This decrease was partially due to a decrease of $10.8 million in cash and cash equivalents, and a decrease of $9.8 million in total loans, partially offset by a $20.5 million increase in securities.  Total deposits decreased $870 thousand and there were no changes to borrowed funds and subordinated debentures.  Total shareholders’ equity increased $444 thousand over year-end 2011.  These fluctuations are discussed in further detail in the paragraphs that follow. 
 
Investment Securities Portfolio
 
The Company’s securities portfolio consists of available for sale (“AFS”) and held to maturity (“HTM”) investments. Management determines the appropriate security classification of available for sale or held to maturity at the time of purchase. The investment securities portfolio is maintained for asset-liability management purposes, as well as for liquidity and earnings purposes.
 
AFS securities are investments carried at fair value that may be sold in response to changing market and interest rate conditions or for other business purposes. Activity in this portfolio is undertaken primarily to manage liquidity and interest rate risk, to take advantage of market conditions that create economically attractive returns and as an additional source of earnings. AFS securities consist primarily of obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, mortgage-backed securities, trust preferred securities, corporate securities, asset-backed securities and equity securities.
 
HTM securities, which are carried at amortized cost, are investments for which there is the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. The portfolio is comprised of obligations of state and political subdivisions and mortgage-backed securities.
 
AFS securities totaled $110.2 million at March 31, 2012, an increase of $21.4 million or 24.1 percent, compared to $88.8 million at December 31, 2011.  This net increase was the result of the following:
 
·  
$32.1 million in purchases of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and asset-backed securities,
·  
$7.4 million in principal payments, maturities and called bonds,
·  
$2.6 million in sales net of realized gains, which consisted primarily of municipal securities,
·  
$181 thousand in net amortization of premiums, and
·  
$548 thousand of depreciation in the market value of the portfolio.  At March 31, 2012, the portfolio had a net unrealized gain of $1.4 million compared to a net unrealized gain of $1.9 million at December 31, 2011.  These net unrealized gains are reflected net of tax in shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
The average balance of AFS securities amounted to $102.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to $105.0 million for the same period in 2011. The average yield earned on the AFS portfolio decreased 41 basis points, to 3.06 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, from 3.47 percent for the same period in the prior year. The weighted average repricing of AFS securities, adjusted for prepayments, amounted to 2.9 years at March 31, 2012 and 2.4 years at December 31, 2011.
 
HTM securities were $17.9 million at March 31, 2012, a decrease of $891 thousand or 4.7 percent, from year-end 2011.  This net decrease was the result of:
 
·  
$855 thousand in principal payments, maturities and called bonds
·  
$36 thousand in net accretion of discounts.
 
    As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the fair value of HTM securities was $18.9 million and $19.9 million, respectively. The average balance of HTM securities amounted to $18.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to $19.5 million for the same period in 2011. The average yield earned on HTM securities decreased 206 basis points, to 3.92 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, from 5.98 percent for the same period in 2011. The weighted average repricing of HTM securities, adjusted for prepayments, amounted to 4.98 years and 5.24 years at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
 
Securities with a carrying value of $68.2 million and $81.1 million at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, were pledged to secure Government deposits, secure other borrowings and for other purposes required or permitted by law.
 
Approximately 85 percent of the total investment portfolio had a fixed rate of interest at March 31, 2012.
 
 
 
Page 34 of 48

 
 
 
Loan Portfolio
 
The loan portfolio, which represents the Company’s largest asset group, is a significant source of both interest and fee income. The portfolio consists of SBA, SBA 504, commercial, residential mortgage and consumer loans. Different segments of the loan portfolio are subject to differing levels of credit and interest rate risk.
 
Total loans decreased $9.8 million or 1.7 percent to $582.8 million at March 31, 2012, compared to $592.6 million at year-end 2011. The decline occurred in all loan types except commercial loans as a direct result of the economic downturn, low consumer and business confidence levels, and reduced loan demand.  Creditworthy borrowers are cutting back on capital expenditures or postponing their purchases in hopes that the economy will improve.  In general, banks are lending less because consumers and businesses are demanding less credit. 
 
The following table sets forth the classification of loans by major category, including unearned fees, deferred costs and excluding the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
   
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
Amount
   
% of Total
   
Amount
   
% of Total
 
SBA held for sale
 
$
8,015
     
1.4
%
 
$
7,668
     
1.3
%
SBA held to maturity
   
62,251
     
10.7
     
64,175
     
10.8
 
SBA 504
   
47,651
     
8.2
     
55,108
     
9.3
 
Commercial
   
284,861
     
48.8
     
283,104
     
47.8
 
Residential mortgage
   
132,192
     
22.7
     
134,090
     
22.6
 
Consumer
   
47,782
     
8.2
     
48,447
     
8.2
 
Total loans
 
$
582,752
     
100.0
%
 
$
592,592
     
100.0
%
 
Average loans decreased $27.9 million or 4.5 percent from $616.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, to $588.1 million for the same period in 2012.  The decrease in average loans was due to declines in all portfolio types except commercial and residential mortgage loans.  The yield on the overall loan portfolio fell 39 basis points to 5.52 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to 5.91 percent for the same period in the prior year. This decrease was the result of new loan volume at lower rates and existing variable rate loan products repricing lower as rates remain low.
 
SBA 7(a)  loans, on which the SBA historically has provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products.  These loans are made for the purposes of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate, and may be made inside or outside the Company's market place.  Generally, an SBA 7(a) loan has a deficiency in its credit profile that would not allow the borrower to qualify for a traditional commercial loan, which is why the government provides the guarantee.  The deficiency may be a higher loan to value (“LTV’) ratio, lower debt service coverage (“DSC”) ratio or weak personal financial guarantees.  In addition, many SBA 7(a) loans are for start up businesses where there is no history of financial information. Finally, many SBA borrowers do not have an ongoing and continuous banking relationship with the Bank, but merely work with the Bank on a single transaction.  The Company’s SBA loans are generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment.  
 
SBA 7(a) loans held for sale, carried at the lower of cost or market, amounted to $8.0 million at March 31, 2012, an increase of $347 thousand from $7.7 million at December 31, 2011.  SBA 7(a) loans held to maturity amounted to $62.3 million at March 31, 2012, a decrease of $1.9 million from $64.2 million at December 31, 2011. The yield on SBA loans, which are generally floating and adjust quarterly to the Prime rate, was 5.15 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to 5.76 percent for the same period in the prior year.
 
The guarantee rates on SBA 7(a) loans range from 50 percent to 90 percent, with the majority of the portfolio having a guarantee rate of 75 percent.  The guarantee percentage is determined by the SBA and can vary from year to year depending on government funding and the goals of the SBA program.  The table below details the loan balances and their respective guarantee percentages as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.  The balances represent the Company's portion of SBA loans originated, reduced by the amount sold into the secondary market.  The Company serviced $124.6 million and $128.7 million in SBA loans at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, which have been sold in the secondary market and are not included in the balances in the following table.
 
    March 31, 2012     December 31, 2011  
(In thousands)
  SBA held for sale     SBA held to maturity     Total    
SBA held for sale
   
SBA held to maturity
   
Total
 
< 75% Guarantee
   100      6,007      6,107     $ 100     $ 6,373     $ 6,473  
75% Guarantee
     6,606        52,730        59,336       6,074       54,150       60,224  
> 75% Guarantee
     1,309        3,514        4,823       1,494       3,652       5,146  
Total
  $  8,015      62,251     $  70,266     $ 7,668     $ 64,175     $ 71,843  
 
There is no relationship or correlation between the guarantee percentages and the level of charge-offs and recoveries.  Charge-offs taken on SBA 7(a) loans represent the unguaranteed portion of the loan.  SBA loans are underwritten to the same credit standards irrespective of the guarantee percentage.  
 
At March 31, 2012, SBA 504 loans totaled $47.7 million, a decrease of $7.5 million from $55.1 million at December 31, 2011. The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. Generally, the Company has a 50 percent LTV ratio on SBA 504 program loans at origination.  The yield on SBA 504 loans fell 35 basis points to 5.90 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012 from 6.25 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2011, due primarily to paydowns on higher yielding SBA 504 loans.
 
Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s marketplace for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. These loans amounted to $284.9 million at March 31, 2012, an increase of $1.8 million from year-end 2011. The yield on commercial loans was 5.92 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to 6.18 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2011 due to the low rate environment.
 
Residential mortgage loans consist of loans secured by 1 to 4 family residential properties. These loans amounted to $132.2 million at March 31, 2012, a decrease of $1.9 million from year-end 2011.  New loan volume during the three months ended March 31, 2012 was offset by the sale of mortgage loans totaling $21.2 million.  The yield on residential mortgages was 4.98 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to 5.60 percent for the same period in 2011.
 
Consumer loans consist of home equity loans and loans for the purpose of financing the purchase of consumer goods, home improvements, and other personal needs, and are generally secured by the personal property being purchased. These loans amounted to $47.8 million at March 31, 2012, a decrease of $665 thousand from December 31, 2011.  The yield on consumer loans was 4.73 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to 5.07 percent for the same period in 2011.
 
 
 
 
 
Page 35 of 48

 
 
 
There are no concentrations of loans to any borrowers or group of borrowers exceeding 10 percent of the total loan portfolio. There are no foreign loans in the portfolio.  As a preferred SBA lender, a portion of the SBA portfolio is to borrowers outside the Company’s lending area.  However, during late 2008, the Company withdrew from SBA lending outside of its primary trade area, but continues to offer SBA loan products as an additional credit product within its primary trade area.
 
In the normal course of business, the Company may originate loan products whose terms could give rise to additional credit risk.  Interest-only loans, loans with high LTV ratios, construction loans with payments made from interest reserves and multiple loans supported by the same collateral (e.g. home equity loans) are examples of such products.  However, these products are not material to the Company’s financial position and are closely managed via credit controls that mitigate their additional inherent risk.  Management does not believe that these products create a concentration of credit risk in the Company’s loan portfolio.  The Company does not have any option adjustable rate mortgage loans.
 
The majority of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate.  The declines in the market values of real estate in the Company’s trade area impact the value of the collateral securing its loans.  This could lead to greater losses in the event of defaults on loans secured by real estate.  Specifically, as of March 31, 2012, 88 percent of SBA 7(a) loans are secured by commercial or residential real estate and 12 percent by other non-real estate collateral.  Commercial real estate secures all SBA 504 loans.  Approximately 96 percent of consumer loans are secured by owner-occupied residential real estate, with the other 4 percent secured by automobiles or other.  The detailed allocation of the Company’s commercial loan portfolio collateral as of March 31, 2012 is shown in the table below:
 
   
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
(In thousands)
 
Amount
   
% of Total
   
Amount
   
% of Total
 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
 
$
149,851
     
52.7
%
 
$
137,963
     
48.7
%
Commercial real estate – investment property
   
106,323
     
37.3
     
117,454
     
41.5
 
Undeveloped land
   
15,793
     
5.5
     
15,513
     
5.5
 
Other non-real estate collateral
   
12,894
     
4.5
     
12,174
     
4.3
 
Total commercial loans
 
$
284,861
     
100.0
%
 
$
283,104
     
100.0
%
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
    Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.  These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, or a combination of both.  When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates for any possible impairment using either the discounted cash flows method, where the value of the modified loan is based on the present value of expected cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or by using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs.  If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by segment or class of loan, as applicable, through an allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance.  This process is used, regardless of loan type, as well as for loans modified as TDRs that subsequently default on their modified terms.
 
    At March 31, 2012, there were twenty-eight loans totaling $23.3 million that were classified as TDRs by the Company and are deemed impaired, compared to twenty-four such loans totaling $21.1 million at December 31, 2011 and eighteen such loans totaling $20.1 million at March 31, 2011.  Nonperforming loans included $2.3 million of TDRs as of March 31, 2012, compared to $3.6 million and $2.9 million at December 31, 2011 and March 31, 2011, respectively.  Restructured loans that are placed in nonaccrual status may be removed after 6 months of contractual payments and the business showing the ability to service the debt going forward.  The remaining TDRs are in accrual status since they are performing in accordance with the restructured terms.  There are no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans. The following table presents a breakdown of performing and nonperforming TDRs by class as of March 31, 2012:
 
    March 31, 2012     December 31, 2011  
(In thousands)
 
Performing TDRs
   
Nonperforming TDRs
   
Total TDRs
   
Performing TDRs
   
Nonperforming TDRs
   
Total TDRs
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
                                               
SBA
  $ 1,340     76     $ 1,416     $ 1,398     $ 80     $ 1,478  
SBA 504     4,358       927       5,285       4,371       1,754       6,125  
Commercial other     3,225       -       3,225       985       -       985  
Commercial real estate
    12,062       1,284       13,346       10,682       1,811       12,493  
Total TDRs
  $ 20,985     2,287     $ 23,272     $ 17,436     $ 3,645     $ 21,081  
 
    Through March 31, 2012, our TDRs consisted of interest rate reductions, interest only periods and maturity extensions.  There has been no principal forgiveness.   The following table shows the types of modifications done to date by class through March 31, 2012:
 
(In thousands)
  SBA       SBA 504    
Commercial other
   
Commercial
real estate
   
Total
 
Type of Modification:
                               
Interest only
  $ 446     $  -     $ 2,240     $ 2,522     $ 5,208  
Principal only      25        -        -        -        25  
Reduced interest rate
    52       -       -       1,284       1,336  
Interest only with reduced interest rate     -       927       985       5,512       7,424  
Interest only with nominal principal     418       3,038       -       1,138       4,594  
Extended maturity with reduced interest rate        -       -       -       2,890       2,890  
Previously modified back to original terms     475       1,320       -       -       1,795  
Total TDRs
    1,416       5,285       3,225       13,346       23,272  
 
 
 
Page 36 of 48

 
 
 
Asset Quality
 
    Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan.  A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans.  The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to strict credit administration policies and procedures.  Due diligence on loans begins when we initiate contact regarding a loan with a borrower.  Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan, and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval.  The loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality, as well as independent credit reviews by an outside firm. 
 
    The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The current state of the economy and the downturn in the real estate market have resulted in increased loan delinquencies and defaults.  In some cases, these factors have also resulted in significant impairment to the value of loan collateral.  The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions, and knowledge of its local market.  In response to the credit risk in its portfolio, the Company has increased staffing in its credit monitoring department and increased efforts in the collection and analysis of borrowers’ financial statements and tax returns.   
 
    Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and other real estate owned ("OREO").  Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt.  When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, interest accruals discontinue and all past due interest previously recognized as income is reversed and charged against current period income.  Generally, until the loan becomes current, any payments received from the borrower are applied to outstanding principal, until such time as management determines that the financial condition of the borrower and other factors merit recognition of a portion of such payments as interest income.  Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are not included in nonperforming loans.  Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in a continuing process that are expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status.
 
    The following table sets forth information concerning nonperforming loans and nonperforming assets at each of the periods presented:
 
(In thousands)
 
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
March 31, 2011
 
Nonperforming by category:
                 
SBA (1)
  $ 4,132     $ 5,859     $ 9,057  
SBA 504
    2,715       2,086       4,300  
Commercial
    9,003       8,519       5,751  
Residential mortgage
    6,007       6,037       4,409  
Consumer
    349       268       406  
Total nonperforming loans (2)
  $ 22,206     $ 22,769     $ 23,923  
OREO
    1,625       3,032       2,602  
Total nonperforming assets
  $ 23,831     $ 25,801     $ 26,525  
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest:
                       
SBA
  $ 355     $ 246     $ 299  
SBA 504
    -       -       1,339  
Commercial
    926       1,141       1,124  
Residential mortgage
    1,884       36       1,486  
Consumer
    -       988       -  
Total past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest
  $ 3,165     $ 2,411     $ 4,248  
Nonperforming loans to total loans
    3.81 %     3.84 %     3.89 %
Nonperforming loans and TDRs to total loans (3)
    7.41       6.78       6.69  
Nonperforming assets to total loans and OREO
    4.08       4.33       4.30  
Nonperforming assets to total assets
    2.94       3.18       3.23  
(1) Guaranteed SBA loans included above
  $ 555     $ 939     $ 3,355  
(2) Nonperforming TDRs included above     2,287        3,645       2,917  
(3) Performing TDRs included above     20,985       17,436       17,169  
 
    The current state of the economy impacts the Company’s level of delinquent and nonperforming loans by putting a strain on the Company’s borrowers and their ability to pay their loan obligations.  Unemployment rates continue to be at elevated levels and businesses are reluctant to hire.  Consequently, the Company’s nonperforming loans remain at an elevated level.
 
    Nonperforming loans were $22.2 million at March 31, 2012, a $563 thousand decrease from $22.8 million at year-end 2011 and a $1.7 million decrease from $23.9 million at March 31, 2011.  Since year-end 2011, nonperforming loans in the SBA and residential mortgage segments decreased, partially offset by an increase in the SBA 504, commercial and consumer segments.  Included in nonperforming loans at March 31, 2012 are approximately $555 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA, compared to $939 thousand at December 31, 2011 and $3.4 million at March 31, 2011.  In addition, there were $3.2 million, $2.4 million, and $4.2 million in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at March 31, 2012, December 31, 2011,  and March 31, 2011, respectively.
 
    Other real estate owned (“OREO”) properties totaled $1.6 million at March 31, 2012, a decrease of $1.4 million from $3.0 million at year-end 2011 and a $977 thousand decrease from $2.6 million at March 31, 2011.  During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company took title to three properties totaling $350 thousand and recorded valuation adjustments of $40 thousand on two OREO properties.  The Company sold four OREO properties, resulting in a net loss of $117 thousand on the sales.
 
   The Company also monitors potential problem loans.  Potential problem loans are those loans where information about possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with loan repayment terms.  These loans are not included in nonperforming loans as they continue to perform.  Potential problem loans totaled $6.3 million at March 31, 2012, an increase of $643 thousand from $5.7 million at December 31, 2011.  The increase is due to the addition of five loans totaling $3.1 million during the quarter, partially offset by the removal of five loans totaling $2.5 million.
 
    See Note 8 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding Asset Quality.
 
 
 
Page 37 of 48

 
 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments
 
Management reviews the level of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis.  The standardized methodology used to assess the adequacy of the allowance includes the allocation of specific and general reserves.  Specific reserves are made to individual impaired loans, which have been defined to include all nonperforming loans and troubled debt restructurings.  The general reserve is set based upon a representative average historical net charge-off rate adjusted for certain environmental factors such as: delinquency and impairment trends, charge-off and recovery trends, volume and loan term trends, risk and underwriting policy trends, staffing and experience changes, national and local economic trends, industry conditions and credit concentration changes. 
 
Beginning in the third quarter of 2009, when calculating the five-year historical net charge-off rate, the Company weights the past three years more heavily due to the higher amount of charge-offs experienced during those years.  All of the environmental factors are ranked and assigned a basis points value based on the following scale: low, low moderate, moderate, high moderate, and high risk.  The factors are evaluated separately for each type of loan.  For example, commercial loans are broken down further into commercial and industrial loans, commercial mortgages, construction loans, etc.  Each type of loan is risk weighted for each environmental factor based on its individual characteristics. 
 
According to the Company’s policy, a loss (“charge-off”) is to be recognized and charged to the allowance for loan losses as soon as a loan is recognized as uncollectable.  All credits which are 90 days past due must be analyzed for the Company's ability to collect on the credit.  Once a loss is known to exist, the charge-off approval process is immediately expedited.
 
Beginning in 2011, the Company significantly increased its loan loss provision in response to the inherent credit risk within its loan portfolio and changes to some of the environmental factors noted above.  The inherent credit risk was evidenced by the increase in delinquent and nonperforming loans in recent quarters, as the downturn in the economy impacted borrowers’ ability to pay and factors, such as a weakened housing market, eroded the value of underlying collateral.  In addition, net charge-offs are higher than normal, as the Company is proactively addressing these issues.
 
The allowance for loan losses totaled $16.3 million, $16.3 million, and $15.3 million at March 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, and March 31, 2011, respectively, with resulting allowance to total loan ratios of 2.80 percent, 2.76 percent, and 2.49 percent, respectively.  Net charge-offs amounted to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to $1.6 million for the same period in 2011.  Net charge-offs to average loan ratios are shown in the table below for each major loan category.
 
    For the three months ended March 31,  
(In thousands)      2012        2011  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 16,348     14,364  
Provision charged to expense
     1,200       2,500  
Charge-offs:
               
SBA
     615        711  
SBA 504
    227       300  
Commercial
     346        548  
Residential mortgage
     113        142  
Consumer
     -        -  
Total charge-offs
     1,301        1,701  
Recoveries:
               
SBA
    53        8  
SBA 504
    28        -  
Commercial
     11        98  
Residential mortgage
     -        4  
Consumer
     -        2  
Total recoveries
    92       112  
Total net charge-offs
  $  1,209      1,589  
Balance, end of period
  $  16,339      15,275  
Selected loan quality ratios:
               
Net charge-offs to average loans:
               
SBA     3.15 %     3.32 %
SBA 504     1.55        1.96  
Commercial      0.47        0.65  
Residential mortgage     0.34        0.43  
Consumer     -        (0.01
Total loans
     0.83       1.05  
Allowance to total loans
    2.80        2.49  
Allowance to nonperforming loans
    73.58       63.85  
 
In addition to the allowance for loan losses, the Company maintains an allowance for unfunded loan commitments that is maintained at a level that management believes is adequate to absorb estimated probable losses.  Adjustments to the allowance are made through other expense and applied to the allowance which is maintained in other liabilities.  At March 31, 2012, a $93 thousand commitment reserve was reported on the balance sheet as an “other liability”, compared to a $79 thousand commitment reserve at December 31, 2011.
 
    See Note 9 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Allowance for Loan Losses.

 
 
Page 38 of 48

 
 
 
Deposits
 
Deposits, which include noninterest-bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing demand deposits, savings deposits and time deposits, are the primary source of the Company’s funds.  The Company offers a variety of products designed to attract and retain customers, with primary focus on building and expanding relationships.  The Company continues to focus on establishing a comprehensive relationship with business borrowers, seeking deposits as well as lending relationships.
 
Total deposits decreased $870 thousand to $643.1 million at March 31, 2012, from $644.0 million at December 31, 2011.  This decrease in deposits was due to decreases of $9.5 million and $1.7 million in time deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits, respectively, partially offset by increases of $7.4 million and $2.9 million in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and savings deposits, respectively.  The decline in time deposits was due to the planned run off of a maturing high rate promotion done at the end of 2008 to bolster liquidity.  The increase in noninterest-bearing and savings deposits was a result of new sales initiatives and efforts by branch personnel to bring in deposit relationships.
 
The mix of deposits at March 31, 2012 remained relatively unchanged when compared to December 31, 2011.
 
Borrowed Funds and Subordinated Debentures
 
Borrowed funds consist primarily of fixed rate advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of New York and repurchase agreements.  These borrowings are used as a source of liquidity or to fund asset growth not supported by deposit generation.  Residential mortgages and investment securities collateralize the borrowings from the FHLB, while investment securities are pledged against the repurchase agreements.
 
Borrowed funds and subordinated debentures totaled $90.5 million at both March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and are broken down in the following table:
 
(In thousands)
 
March 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
FHLB borrowings:
           
Fixed rate advances
 
$
30,000
   
$
30,000
 
Repurchase agreements
   
30,000
     
30,000
 
Other repurchase agreements
   
15,000
     
15,000
 
Subordinated debentures
   
15,465
     
15,465
 
 
At March 31, 2012, the Company had $57.7 million of additional credit available at the FHLB.  Pledging additional collateral in the form of 1 to 4 family residential mortgages or investment securities can increase the line with the FHLB.
 
Interest Rate Sensitivity
 
    The principal objectives of the asset and liability management function are to establish prudent risk management guidelines, evaluate and control the level of interest-rate risk in balance sheet accounts, determine the level of appropriate risk given the business focus, operating environment, capital, and liquidity requirements, and actively manage risk within the Board approved guidelines.  The Company seeks to reduce the vulnerability of the operations to changes in interest rates, and actions in this regard are taken under the guidance of the Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) of the Board of Directors.  The ALCO reviews the maturities and re-pricing of loans, investments, deposits and borrowings, cash flow needs, current market conditions, and interest rate levels.
 
The Company utilizes Modified Duration of Equity and Economic Value of Portfolio Equity (“EVPE”) models to measure the impact of longer-term asset and liability mismatches beyond two years.  The modified duration of equity measures the potential price risk of equity to changes in interest rates.  A longer modified duration of equity indicates a greater degree of risk to rising interest rates.  Because of balance sheet optionality, an EVPE analysis is also used to dynamically model the present value of asset and liability cash flows with rate shocks of 200 basis points.  The economic value of equity is likely to be different as interest rates change.  Like the simulation model, results falling outside prescribed ranges require action by the ALCO.  The Company’s variance in the economic value of equity, as a percentage of assets with rate shocks of 200 basis points at March 31, 2012, is a decline of 0.93 percent in a rising-rate environment and a decline of 0.91 percent in a falling-rate environment.  The variances in the EVPE at March 31, 2012 are within the Board-approved guidelines of +/- 3.00 percent.  At December 31, 2011, the economic value of equity as a percentage of assets with rate shocks of 200 basis points was a decline of 0.40 percent in a rising-rate environment and a decline of 1.38 percent in a falling-rate environment.
 

 
Page 39 of 48

 
 
 
Operating, Investing and Financing
 
The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows present the changes in cash from operating, investing and financing activities. At March 31, 2012, the balance of cash and cash equivalents was $71.8 million, a decrease of $10.8 million from December 31, 2011.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $2.4 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The primary sources of funds were net income from operations and adjustments to net income, such as the provision for loan losses, depreciation and amortization, proceeds from the sale of mortgage and SBA loans held for sale, partially offset by originations of SBA and mortgage loans held for sale.
 
Net cash used by investing activities amounted to $12.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to net cash provided by investing activities amounting to $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The cash used by investing activities was primarily a result of the purchase of securities and equipment, partially offset by maturities and paydowns on securities, a net decrease in loans and proceeds from the sale of securities and OREO.
 
Net cash used by financing activities amounted to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to net cash provided by financing activity amounting to $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The cash used by financing activities was primarily due to dividends paid on preferred stock and a decrease in the Company’s deposit base, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
 
Liquidity
 
The Company’s liquidity is a measure of its ability to fund loans, withdrawals or maturities of deposits and other cash outflows in a cost-effective manner.
 
Parent Company
 
Generally, the Parent Company’s cash is used for the payment of operating expenses and cash dividends on the preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury.  The principal sources of funds for the Parent Company are dividends paid by the Bank. The Parent Company only pays expenses that are specifically for the benefit of the Parent Company. Other than its investment in the Bank, Unity Statutory Trust II and Unity Statutory Trust III, the Parent Company does not actively engage in other transactions or business.  The majority of expenses paid by the Parent Company are related to Unity Statutory Trust II and Unity Statutory Trust III.
 
At March 31, 2012, the Parent Company had $3.3 million in cash and $95 thousand in marketable securities valued at fair market value compared to $3.5 million in cash and $88 thousand in marketable securities at December 31, 2011.  The decrease in cash at the Parent Company was primarily due to the payment of dividends on preferred stock.
 
Consolidated Bank
 
The principal sources of funds at the Bank are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments of loan and investment principal, sales and maturities of investment securities and funds provided by operations.  While scheduled loan payments and maturing investments are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.
 
Total FHLB borrowings amounted to $60.0 million and third party repurchase agreements totaled $15.0 million as of both March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.  At March 31, 2012, $57.7 million was available for additional borrowings from the FHLB.  Pledging additional collateral in the form of 1 to 4 family residential mortgages or investment securities can increase the line with the FHLB.  An additional source of liquidity is the securities available for sale portfolio and SBA loans held for sale portfolio, which amounted to $110.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively, at March 31, 2012.
 
As of March 31, 2012, deposits included $48.4 million of Government deposits, as compared to $54.6 million at year-end 2011. These deposits are generally short in duration and are very sensitive to price competition.  The Company believes that the current level of these types of deposits is appropriate.  Included in the portfolio were $44.9 million of deposits from seven municipalities.  The withdrawal of these deposits, in whole or in part, would not create a liquidity shortfall for the Company.
 
The Company was committed to advance approximately $92.9 million to its borrowers as of March 31, 2012, compared to $79.4 million at December 31, 2011.  At March 31, 2012, $45.7 million of these commitments expire within one year, compared to $37.4 million at December 31, 2011.  At March 31, 2012, the Company had $1.3 million in standby letters of credit compared to $1.8 million at December 31, 2011, which are included in the commitments amount noted above.  The estimated fair value of these guarantees is not significant.  The Company believes it has the necessary liquidity to honor all commitments.  Many of these commitments will expire and never be funded.
 
 
Page 40 of 48

 
 

 Regulatory Capital
 
A significant measure of the strength of a financial institution is its capital base.  Federal regulators have classified and defined capital into the following components: (1) tier 1 capital, which includes tangible shareholders’ equity for common stock, qualifying preferred stock and certain qualifying hybrid instruments, and (2) tier 2 capital, which includes a portion of the allowance for loan losses, subject to limitations, certain qualifying long-term debt, preferred stock and hybrid instruments, which do not qualify for tier 1 capital.  The parent company and its subsidiary bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by banking regulators.  Quantitative measures of capital adequacy include the leverage ratio (tier 1 capital as a percentage of tangible assets), tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (tier 1 capital as a percent of risk-weighted assets) and total risk-based capital ratio (total risk-based capital as a percent of total risk-weighted assets).
 
Minimum capital levels are regulated by risk-based capital adequacy guidelines, which require the Company and the Bank to maintain certain capital as a percentage of assets and certain off-balance sheet items adjusted for predefined credit risk factors (risk-weighted assets).  Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.  Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines.  However, prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies. At a minimum, tier 1 capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets of 4 percent and combined tier 1 and tier 2 capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets of 8 percent must be maintained.  
 
In addition to the risk-based guidelines, regulators require that a bank, which meets the regulator’s highest performance and operation standards, maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 3 percent.  For those banks with higher levels of risk or that are experiencing or anticipating significant growth, the minimum leverage ratio will be proportionately increased.  Minimum leverage ratios for each institution are evaluated through the ongoing regulatory examination process.
 
    The Company’s capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:
 
   
Actual
   
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
   
To Be Well-Capitalized
Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
 
(In thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
 
As of March 31, 2012
                                   
Leverage ratio
 
$
86,833
     
10.67
%
 
≥ $ 32,538
     
4.00
%
 
N/A
     
N/A
 
Tier I risk-based capital ratio
   
86,833
     
14.44
     
24,045
     
4.00
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Total risk-based capital ratio
   
94,457
     
15.71
     
48,091
     
8.00
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
As of December 31, 2011
                                               
Leverage ratio
 
$
86,077
     
10.44
%
 
≥ $ 32,979
     
4.00
%
 
N/A
     
N/A
 
Tier I risk-based capital ratio
   
86,077
     
14.33
     
24,027
     
4.00
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Total risk-based capital ratio
   
93,696
     
15.60
     
48,055
     
8.00
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
 
The Bank’s capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:
 
   
Actual
   
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
   
To Be Well-Capitalized
Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
 
(In thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
 
As of March 31, 2012
                                   
Leverage ratio
 
$
75,140
     
9.24
%
 
≥ $ 32,513
     
4.00
%
 
≥ $ 40,641
     
5.00
%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio
   
75,140
     
12.51
     
24,022
     
4.00
     
36,033
     
6.00
 
Total risk-based capital ratio
   
91,257
     
15.20
     
48,043
     
8.00
     
60,054
     
10.00
 
As of December 31, 2011
                                               
Leverage ratio
 
$
74,191
     
9.01
%
 
≥ $ 32,953
     
4.00
%
 
≥ $ 41,192
     
5.00
%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio
   
74,191
     
12.36
     
24,003
     
4.00
     
36,004
     
6.00
 
Total risk-based capital ratio
   
90,302
     
15.05
     
48,006
     
8.00
     
60,007
     
10.00
 
 
Shareholders’ Equity
 
 Shareholders’ equity increased $444 thousand to $74.0 million at March 31, 2012 compared to $73.6 million at December 31, 2011, due to net income of $905 thousand and $100 thousand from the issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans, partially offset by $303 thousand depreciation in the net unrealized gains on available for sale securities and cash flow hedge derivatives and $258 thousand in dividends accrued on preferred stock.  The issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans includes nonqualified stock options and restricted stock expense related entries, employee option exercises and the tax benefit of options exercised.
 
On October 3, 2008, Congress passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”), which provided the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury with broad authority to implement certain actions to help restore stability and liquidity to the U.S. markets.  One of the programs resulting from the EESA was the Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) which provided direct equity investment of perpetual preferred stock by the U.S. Treasury in qualified financial institutions.   This program was voluntary and requires an institution to comply with several restrictions and provisions, including limits on executive compensation, stock redemptions, and declaration of dividends.  The perpetual preferred stock has a dividend rate of 5 percent per year until the fifth anniversary of the Treasury investment and a dividend of 9 percent thereafter.  The Company received an investment in perpetual preferred stock of $20.6 million on December 5, 2008. 
 
As part of the CPP, the Company’s future ability to pay cash dividends is limited for so long as the Treasury holds the preferred stock.  As so limited the Company may not increase its quarterly cash dividend above $0.05 per share, the quarterly rate in effect at the time the CPP program was announced, without the prior approval of the Treasury.  The Company did not declare or pay any dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2012 or 2011.  The Company is currently preserving capital and may resume paying dividends when earnings and credit quality improve. 
 
    The Company has suspended its share repurchase program, as required by the CPP.  On October 21, 2002, the Company authorized the repurchase of up to 10% of its outstanding common stock.  The amount and timing of purchases would be dependent upon a number of factors, including the price and availability of the Company’s shares, general market conditions and competing alternate uses of funds.  As of March 31, 2012, the Company had repurchased a total of 556 thousand shares, of which 131 thousand shares have been retired, leaving 153 thousand shares remaining to be repurchased under the plan when and if it is reinstated.  There were no shares repurchased during the three month periods ended March 31, 2012 or 2011.
 
 
 
Page 41 of 48

 
 
 
Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company may use stand alone derivative financial instruments in the form of interest rate swap agreements, which derive their value from underlying interest rates. These transactions involve both credit and market risk. The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value of the derivatives are based. Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures. Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any. Such difference, which represents the fair value of the derivative instruments, is reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as other assets or other liabilities.
 
The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to these agreements. The Company controls the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations. The Company deals only with primary dealers.
 
Derivative instruments are generally either negotiated over the counter (“OTC”) contracts or standardized contracts executed on a recognized exchange. Negotiated OTC derivative contracts are generally entered into between two counterparties that negotiate specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise prices and maturity.
 
Risk Management Policies – Hedging Instruments
 
The primary focus of the Company’s asset/liability management program is to monitor the sensitivity of the Company’s net portfolio value and net income under varying interest rate scenarios to take steps to control its risks. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the effectiveness of entering into any derivative agreement by measuring the cost of such an agreement in relation to the reduction in net portfolio value and net income volatility within an assumed range of interest rates.
 
Interest Rate Risk Management – Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
 
The Company has long-term variable rate debt as a source of funds for use in the Company’s lending and investment activities and for other general business purposes. These debt obligations expose the Company to variability in interest payments due to changes in interest rates. If interest rates increase, interest expense increases. Conversely, if interest rates decrease, interest expense decreases. Management believes it is prudent to limit the variability of a portion of its interest payments and, therefore, may hedge a portion of its variable-rate interest payments. To meet this objective, management has historically entered into interest rate swap agreements whereby the Company received variable interest rate payments and made fixed interest rate payments during the contract period.
 
    The Company was not a party to any interest rate swap agreements as of March 31, 2012, as the remaining interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $5.0 million expired during the first quarter of 2012.  At December 31, 2011, the information pertaining to outstanding interest rate swap agreements used to hedge variable rate debt was as follows:
 
(In thousands, except percentages and years)
 
December 31, 2011
 
Notional amount
 
$
5,000
 
Weighted average pay rate
   
3.94
%
Weighted average receive rate (three-month LIBOR)
   
0.32
%
Weighted average maturity in years
   
0.25
 
Unrealized loss relating to interest rate swaps
 
$
(43
)
 
The previous agreements provided for the Company to receive payments at a variable rate determined by a specific index (three-month LIBOR) in exchange for making payments at a fixed rate. 
 
At December 31, 2011, the net unrealized loss relating to interest rate swaps was recorded as a derivative liability. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments of the variability of cash flows associated with long-term debt are reported in other comprehensive income. The net spread between the fixed rate of interest which is paid and the variable interest received is classified in interest expense as a yield adjustment in the same period in which the related interest on the long-term debt affects earnings.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
 
    The financial statements, and notes thereto, presented elsewhere herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time and due to inflation.  The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of the operations.  Unlike most industrial companies, nearly all the Company’s assets and liabilities are monetary.  As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation.  Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

 
 
Page 42 of 48

 
 

 
ITEM 3.          Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
    During 2012, there have been no significant changes in the Company's assessment of market risk as reported in Item 6 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.  (See Interest Rate Sensitivity in Management's Discussion and Analysis Herein.)
 
ITEM 4.   Controls and Procedures
 
(a)
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2012.  Based on this evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective for recording, processing, summarizing and reporting the information the Company is required to disclose in the reports it files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.
(b)
Changes in internal controls over financial reporting – No significant change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting has occurred during the quarterly period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s control over financial reporting.

 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.            Legal Proceedings
 
 From time to time, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business.  The Company currently is not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, or the results of the operation of the Company.
 
Item 1.A.        Risk Factors
 
 Information regarding this item as of March 31, 2012 appears under the heading, “Risk Factors” within the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds - None
 
Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities - None
 
Item 4.   Mine Safety Disclosures - N/A

Item 5.   Other Information - None
 
Item 6.   Exhibits
 
(a)
Exhibits
  Description
 
Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
Page 43 of 48

 

 
SIGNATURES
 
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
 
UNITY BANCORP, INC.
   
Dated:   May 11, 2012
/s/ Alan J. Bedner, Jr.
 
 
ALAN J. BEDNER, JR.
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 

 
 
 
Page 44 of 48

 

 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
 
 
 EXHIBIT NO. 
  DESCRIPTION
 31.1
Exhibit 31.1-Certification of James A. Hughes.  Required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 31.2
Exhibit 31.2-Certification of Alan J. Bedner, Jr.  Required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 32.1
Exhibit 32.1-Certification of James A. Hughes and Alan J. Bedner.  Required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
 

 
Page 45 of 48