UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-32591
SEASPAN CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Republic of the Marshall Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
Unit 2, 2nd Floor, Bupa Centre
141 Connaught Road West
Hong Kong
China
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Sai W. Chu
Unit 2, 2nd Floor, Bupa Centre
141 Connaught Road West
Hong Kong
China
Telephone: +852 (2540) 1686
Facsimile: +852 (2540) 1689
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on which Registered | |
Class A Common Shares, par value of $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
Series C Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
Series D Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
Series E Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
6.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2019 | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
96,662,928 Class A Common Shares, par value of $0.01 per share
13,665,531 Series C Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share
5,105,000 Series D Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share
5,400,000 Series E Preferred Shares, par value of $0.01 per share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes x No ¨
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP x International Financial Reporting Standards as Issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ¨ Other ¨
If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No x
INDEX TO REPORT ON FORM 20-F
PART I | ||||||
Item 1. |
3 | |||||
Item 2. |
3 | |||||
Item 3. |
4 | |||||
Item 4. |
27 | |||||
Item 4A. |
47 | |||||
Item 5. |
47 | |||||
Item 6. |
76 | |||||
Item 7. |
84 | |||||
Item 8. |
93 | |||||
Item 9. |
95 | |||||
Item 10. |
97 | |||||
Item 11. |
107 | |||||
Item 12. |
109 | |||||
PART II |
||||||
Item 13. |
110 | |||||
Item 14. |
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds |
110 | ||||
Item 15. |
110 | |||||
Item 16A. |
112 | |||||
Item 16B. |
112 | |||||
Item 16C. |
112 | |||||
Item 16D. |
113 | |||||
Item 16E. |
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
113 | ||||
Item 16F. |
113 | |||||
Item 16G. |
113 | |||||
Item 16H |
114 | |||||
PART III |
||||||
Item 17. |
115 | |||||
Item 18. |
115 | |||||
Item 19. |
116 |
PART I
Our disclosure and analysis in this Annual Report concerning our operations, cash flows, and financial position, including, in particular, the likelihood of our success in developing and expanding our business, include forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes, estimates, projects, forecasts, will, may, potential, should and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although these statements are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable based upon available information, including projections of revenues, operating margins, earnings, cash flow, working capital and capital expenditures, they are subject to risks and uncertainties that are described more fully in this Annual Report in the section titled Risk Factors.
These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report and are not intended to give any assurance as to future results. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report. These statements include, among others:
| future operating or financial results; |
| future growth prospects; |
| our business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations; |
| our expectations relating to dividend payments and our ability to make such payments; |
| future dividends, including the amount and timing of payment, for the four quarters of 2015; |
| potential acquisitions, vessel financing arrangements and other investments, and our expected benefits from such transactions, including any acquisition opportunities, vessel financing arrangements and related benefits relating to our venture with Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC, or GCI; |
| future time charters and vessel deliveries; |
| estimated future capital expenditures needed to preserve our capital base, our expectations regarding future operating expenses, including ship operating expenses and general and administrative expenses; |
| our expectations about the availability of vessels to purchase, the time that it may take to construct new vessels, the delivery dates of new vessels, the commencement of service of new vessels under long-term time charter contracts and the useful lives of our vessels; |
| operating expenses, availability of crew, number of off-hire days, dry-docking requirements and insurance costs; |
| general market conditions and shipping market trends, including charter rates and factors affecting supply and demand; |
| our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to borrow funds under our credit facilities, to refinance our existing facilities and to obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate activities; |
| our continued ability to maintain, enter into or renew primarily long-term, fixed-rate time charters with our existing customers or new customers, including one of our 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships; |
| the potential for early termination of long-term contracts and our potential inability to enter into, renew or replace long-term contracts; |
| conditions in the public equity market and the price of our shares; |
| our ability to leverage to our advantage our relationships and reputation in the containership industry; |
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| our expectations as to any impairment of our vessels; |
| the future valuation of goodwill; |
| changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities, and the effect of governmental regulations on our business; |
| the financial condition of our shipbuilders, customers, lenders, refund guarantors and other counterparties and their ability to perform their obligations under their agreements with us; |
| the economic downturn and crisis in the global financial markets and potential negative effects of any recurrence of such disruptions on our customers ability to charter our vessels and pay for our services; |
| taxation of our company and of distributions to our shareholders; |
| our exemption from tax on our U.S. source international transportation income; |
| potential liability from future litigation; |
| discussions and negotiations of mutually acceptable terms of any transaction involving GCI, including a possible acquisition, and approval of any such transaction by the conflicts committee of our board of directors; and |
| other factors discussed in the section titled Risk Factors. |
Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report are estimates and assumptions reflecting the judgment of senior management and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these forward-looking statements should be considered in light of various important factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in Item 3D. Risk Factors.
We do not intend to revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any change in our expectations or events or circumstances that may subsequently arise. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether because of future events, new information, a change in our views or expectations, or otherwise. You should carefully review and consider the various disclosures included in this Annual Report and in our other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects and results of operations.
Unless we otherwise specify, when used in this Annual Report, the terms Seaspan, the Company, we, our and us refer to Seaspan Corporation and its subsidiaries. References to our Manager are to our wholly-owned subsidiary Seaspan Management Services Limited and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (including Seaspan Ship Management Ltd., or SSML), which provide us with all of our technical, administrative and strategic services.
References to shipbuilders are as follows:
Shipbuilder |
Reference | |
CSBC Corporation, Taiwan |
CSBC | |
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
HHI | |
Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. |
New Jiangsu | |
Jiangsu Yangzi Xinfu Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. |
Jiangsu Xinfu |
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References to customers are as follows:
Customer |
Reference | |
A.P. Moller Maersk A/S |
Maersk | |
China Shipping Container Lines (Asia) Co., Ltd.(1) |
CSCL Asia | |
COSCO Container Lines Co., Ltd.(2). |
COSCON | |
Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd. |
Hanjin | |
Hapag-Lloyd AG |
Hapag-Lloyd | |
Hapag-Lloyd USA, LLC(3) |
HL USA | |
Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd. |
K-Line | |
Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. |
MSC | |
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd |
MOL | |
Norasia Container Lines Limited(3) |
Norasia | |
Orient Overseas Container Line Ltd. |
OOCL | |
Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp. |
Yang Ming Marine |
(1) | A subsidiary of China Shipping Container Lines Co., Ltd., or CSCL. |
(2) | A subsidiary of China COSCO Holdings Company Limited. |
(3) | A subsidiary of Hapag-Lloyd. |
We use the term twenty foot equivalent unit, or TEU, the international standard measure of containers, in describing the capacity of our containerships, which are also referred to as our vessels. We identify the classes of our vessels by the approximate average TEU capacity of the vessels in each class. However, the actual TEU capacity of a vessel may differ from the approximate average TEU capacity of the vessels in such vessels class.
Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors |
Not applicable.
Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable |
Not applicable.
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Item 3. | Key Information |
A. Selected Financial Data
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Statements of operations data (in thousands of USD): |
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Revenue |
$ | 717,170 | $ | 677,090 | $ | 660,794 | $ | 565,610 | $ | 407,211 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
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Ship operating |
166,097 | 150,105 | 138,655 | 135,696 | 108,098 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
181,527 | 172,459 | 165,541 | 140,354 | 101,026 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
30,462 | 34,783 | 24,617 | 16,818 | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||
Operating leases |
9,544 | 4,388 | 3,145 | | | |||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on vessels |
| | (9,773 | ) | 16,237 | | ||||||||||||||
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Operating earnings |
329,540 | 315,355 | 338,609 | 256,505 | 188,475 | |||||||||||||||
Other expenses (income): |
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Interest expense |
88,159 | 60,496 | 71,996 | 50,849 | 28,801 | |||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(10,653 | ) | (2,045 | ) | (1,190 | ) | (854 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||||||
Undrawn credit facility fee |
3,109 | 2,725 | 1,516 | 4,282 | 4,515 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred charges |
10,342 | 9,477 | 8,574 | 3,421 | 1,933 | |||||||||||||||
Refinancing expenses and recoveries |
70 | 4,038 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments(1) |
105,694 | (60,504 | ) | 135,998 | 281,027 | 241,033 | ||||||||||||||
Equity (income) loss on investment |
(256 | ) | 670 | 259 | 1,180 | | ||||||||||||||
Other expenses |
1,828 | 1,470 | 151 | | | |||||||||||||||
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Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 131,247 | $ | 299,028 | $ | 121,305 | $ | (83,400 | ) | $ | (87,747 | ) | ||||||||
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Common shares outstanding: |
96,662,928 | 69,208,888 | 63,042,217 | 69,620,060 | 68,601,240 | |||||||||||||||
Per share data (in USD): |
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Basic earnings (loss) per Class A common share |
$ | 0.80 | $ | 3.36 | $ | 0.84 | $ | (2.04 | ) | $ | (1.70 | ) | ||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per Class A common share |
$ | 0.79 | $ | 2.93 | $ | 0.81 | $ | (2.04 | ) | $ | (1.70 | ) | ||||||||
Dividends paid per Class A common share |
$ | 1.3475 | $ | 1.188 | $ | 0.938 | $ | 0.688 | $ | 0.450 | ||||||||||
Statements of cash flows data (in thousands of USD): |
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Cash flows provided by (used in): |
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Operating activities(2) |
$ | 342,959 | $ | 327,669 | $ | 311,183 | $ | 239,864 | $ | 153,587 | ||||||||||
Financing activities |
(79,499 | ) | 62,491 | (181,364 | ) | 832,293 | 529,680 | |||||||||||||
Investing activities(2) (3) |
(538,085 | ) | (295,158 | ) | (229,564 | ) | (625,253 | ) | (782,448 | ) |
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Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Selected balance sheet data (at year end, in thousands of USD): |
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Cash and cash equivalents(3) |
$ | 201,755 | $ | 476,380 | $ | 381,378 | $ | 481,123 | $ | 34,219 | ||||||||||
Current assets(3) |
516,926 | 600,113 | 463,930 | 519,998 | 46,764 | |||||||||||||||
Vessels(4) |
5,095,723 | 4,992,271 | 4,863,273 | 4,697,249 | 4,210,872 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred charges |
64,655 | 53,971 | 43,816 | 45,917 | 37,607 | |||||||||||||||
Gross investment in lease |
37,783 | 58,953 | 79,821 | 95,798 | | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
75,321 | 75,321 | 75,321 | | | |||||||||||||||
Other assets(3) |
67,308 | 106,944 | 83,661 | 88,754 | 81,985 | |||||||||||||||
Fair value of financial instruments, asset |
37,677 | 60,188 | 41,031 | | | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
5,895,393 | 5,947,761 | 5,650,853 | 5,447,716 | 4,377,228 | |||||||||||||||
Current liabilities |
416,937 | 520,406 | 180,306 | 189,788 | 58,186 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term deferred revenue |
7,343 | 4,143 | 7,903 | 12,503 | | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
3,084,409 | 2,853,459 | 3,024,288 | 2,914,247 | 2,396,771 | |||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
253,542 | 572,673 | 613,049 | 583,263 | 524,716 | |||||||||||||||
Fair value of financial instruments, long-term liability |
387,938 | 425,375 | 606,740 | 564,490 | 407,819 | |||||||||||||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,745,224 | 1,571,705 | 1,218,567 | 1,183,425 | 989,736 | |||||||||||||||
Other data: |
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Number of vessels in operation at year end |
77 | 71 | 69 | 65 | 55 | |||||||||||||||
TEU capacity at year end |
474,300 | 414,300 | 405,100 | 352,700 | 265,300 | |||||||||||||||
Fleet utilization(5) |
99.0 | % | 98.0 | % | 98.9 | % | 99.3 | % | 98.7 | % |
(1) | All of our interest rate swap agreements and swaption agreements are marked to market and the changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in earnings. |
(2) | Certain information has been reclassified to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for the current year. |
(3) | The balance sheet and cash flow data for 2012 has been recast to separately present balances of and movement in restricted cash, included in other assets, from cash and cash equivalents. This reclassification, which is immaterial, had no impact on the consolidated statement of operations data. |
(4) | Vessel amounts include the net book value of vessels in operation and vessels under construction. |
(5) | Fleet utilization is based on number of operating days divided by the number of ownership days during the year. |
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
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D. Risk Factors
Some of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate and to our business in general. Other risks relate principally to the securities market and to ownership of our shares or our 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2019, or our Notes. The occurrence of any of the events described in this section could significantly and negatively affect our business, financial condition, operating results, ability to pay dividends on our shares, ability to pay interest and principal on our Notes, redeem our preferred shares, or the trading price of our shares or Notes.
Risks Inherent in Our Business
Our ability to obtain additional debt financing for future acquisitions of vessels may depend upon the performance of our then existing charters and the creditworthiness of our customers.
The actual or perceived credit quality of our customers, and any defaults by them, may materially affect our ability to obtain funds we may require to purchase vessels in the future or for general corporate purposes, or may significantly increase our costs of obtaining such funds. Our inability to obtain additional financing at attractive rates, if at all, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We will be required to make substantial capital expenditures to complete the acquisition of our newbuilding containerships and any additional vessels we acquire in the future, which may result in increased financial leverage, dilution of our equity holders interests or our decreased ability to meet our payment obligations.
As of February 28, 2015, we have contracted to purchase an additional 13 newbuilding containerships with scheduled delivery dates through October 2016. As of February 28, 2015, the total purchase price of the 13 containerships remaining to be paid was estimated to be approximately $1.1 billion. Our obligation to purchase the 13 containerships is not conditional upon our ability to obtain financing for such purchases. We intend to significantly expand the size of our fleet beyond our existing contracted vessel program. The acquisition of additional newbuilding or existing containerships or businesses will require significant additional capital expenditures.
To fund existing and future capital expenditures, we intend to use cash from operations, incur borrowings, raise capital through the sale of additional securities, enter into other sale-leaseback or financing arrangements, or use a combination of these methods. Use of cash from operations may reduce cash available to pay dividends to our shareholders or to redeem our preferred shares. Incurring additional debt may significantly increase our interest expense and financial leverage, and issuing additional equity securities may result in significant shareholder dilution, which, subject to the relative priority of our equity securities, could negatively affect our ability to pay dividends. Our ability to obtain or access bank financing or to access the capital markets for future debt or equity financings may be limited by our financial condition at the time of any such financing or offering and covenants in our credit facilities, as well as by adverse market conditions. To the extent that we enter into newbuilding or other vessel acquisition contracts prior to entering into charters for such vessels, our ability to obtain new financing for such vessels may be limited and we may be required to fund all or a portion of the cost of such acquisitions with our existing capital resources. Our failure to obtain funds for our capital expenditures at attractive rates, if at all, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Over the long-term, we will be required to make substantial capital expenditures to preserve the operating capacity of our fleet.
We must make substantial capital expenditures over the long-term to preserve the operating capacity of our fleet. If we do not retain funds in our business in amounts necessary to preserve the operating capacity of our fleet, over the long-term our fleet and related charter revenues may diminish and we will not be able to continue to refinance our indebtedness. At some time in the future, as our fleet ages, we will likely need to retain additional funds, on an annual basis, to provide reasonable assurance of maintaining the operating capacity of our
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fleet over the long-term. There are several factors that will not be determinable for a number of years, but which our board of directors will consider in future decisions about the amount of funds to be retained in our business to preserve our capital base. To the extent we use or retain available funds to make capital expenditures to preserve the operating capacity of our fleet, there will be less funds available to pay interest and principal on our Notes, pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares.
Restrictive covenants in our credit and lease facilities, our Notes and in our preferred shares impose financial and other restrictions on us, which may limit, among other things, our ability to borrow funds under such facilities and our ability to satisfy our payment obligations related to our securities.
To borrow funds under our credit facilities, we must, among other things, meet specified financial covenants. For example, under certain of our existing credit facilities, we are prohibited from incurring total borrowings in an amount greater than 65% of our total assets and we must also ensure that certain interest coverage, and interest and principal coverage ratios are met. Total borrowings and total assets are terms defined in our credit facilities and differ from those used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. To the extent we are not able to satisfy the requirements in our credit facilities, we may not be able to borrow additional funds under the facilities, and if we are not in compliance with specified financial ratios or other requirements, we may be in breach of the facilities, which could require us to repay outstanding amounts. We may also be required to prepay amounts borrowed under our credit facilities if we, or in certain circumstances, our customers, experience a change of control.
Our credit and lease facilities impose operating and financial restrictions on us and require us to comply with certain financial covenants. These restrictions and covenants limit our ability to, among other things:
| pay dividends if an event of default has occurred and is continuing under one of our credit facilities or if the payment of the dividend would result in an event of default; |
| incur additional indebtedness under the credit facilities or otherwise, including through the issuance of guarantees; |
| create liens on our assets; |
| sell our vessels without replacing such vessels or prepaying a portion of our loan; or |
| merge or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to, another person. |
Accordingly, we may need to seek consent from our lenders or lessors in order to engage in some corporate actions. The interests of our lenders or lessors may be different from ours, and we may be unable to obtain our lenders or lessors consent when and if needed. In addition, we are subject to covenants for our preferred shares. If we do not comply with the restrictions and covenants in our credit or lease facilities, our Notes or in our preferred shares, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed.
We may not be able to timely repay or be able to refinance indebtedness incurred under our credit and lease facilities.
We intend to finance a substantial portion of our fleet expansion with secured indebtedness drawn under our existing and future credit and lease facilities. We have significant repayment obligations under our credit and lease facilities, both prior to and at maturity. Please read Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsA. GeneralManagements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations2014 DevelopmentsLoan and Lease Facility Transactions. If we are not able to refinance outstanding indebtedness at an interest rate or on terms acceptable to us, or at all, we will have to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to repay such indebtedness, which could reduce our ability to satisfy payment obligations related to our securities and our credit and lease facilities or may require us to delay certain business activities or capital expenditures. If we are not able to satisfy these obligations (whether or not refinanced) under our credit or lease facilities with cash flow from operations, we may have to seek to restructure
7
our indebtedness, undertake alternative financing plans (such as additional debt or equity capital) or sell assets, which may not be available on terms attractive to us or at all. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations, or if we otherwise default under our credit facilities, our lenders could declare all outstanding indebtedness to be immediately due and payable and foreclose on the vessels securing such indebtedness. The market value of our vessels, which fluctuates with market conditions, will also affect our ability to obtain financing or refinancing, as our vessels serve as collateral for loans. Lower vessel values at the time of any financing or refinancing may reduce the amounts of funds we may borrow.
Our substantial debt levels and vessel lease obligations may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities.
As of December 31, 2014, we had approximately $3.4 billion outstanding under our credit facilities and our Notes and capital lease obligations of approximately $214.5 million. The amounts outstanding under our credit facilities and our lease obligations will further increase following the completion of our acquisition of the 13 newbuilding containerships that we have contracted to purchase as of February 28, 2015. For the 13 newbuilding containerships that we have contracted to purchase, we have entered into additional credit facilities or lease financings for five of the vessels and plan to enter into additional credit facilities or lease obligations to finance the remaining eight vessels. Our level of debt and vessel lease obligations could have important consequences to us, including the following:
| our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired or such financing may not be available on favorable terms; |
| we may need to use a substantial portion of our cash from operations to make principal and interest payments on our debt or make our lease payments, reducing the funds that would otherwise be available for operations, future business opportunities and dividends to our shareholders; |
| our debt level could make us more vulnerable to competitive pressures or a downturn in our business or the economy generally than our competitors with less debt; and |
| our debt level may limit our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions. |
Our ability to service our debt and vessel lease obligations will depend upon, among other things, our financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If our results of operations are not sufficient to service our current or future indebtedness and vessel lease obligations, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing dividends, reducing or delaying our business activities, acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt, or seeking additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. We may not be able to effect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms, or at all.
Future disruptions in global financial markets and economic conditions or changes in lending practices may harm our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms, which could hinder or prevent us from meeting our capital needs.
Global financial markets and economic conditions were disrupted and volatile following the events of 2007 and 2008. During this time, the debt and equity capital markets became exceedingly distressed, and it was difficult generally to obtain financing and the cost of any available financing increased significantly. While markets have stabilized since this time, if global financial markets and economic conditions significantly deteriorate in the future, we may be unable to obtain adequate funding under our credit facilities because our lenders may be unwilling or unable to meet their funding obligations or we may not be able to obtain funds at the interest rate agreed in our credit facilities due to market disruption events or increased costs. Such deterioration may also cause lenders to be unwilling to provide us with new financing to the extent needed to fund our ongoing operations and growth. In addition, in recent years, the number of lenders for shipping companies has decreased
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and ship-funding lenders have generally lowered their loan-to-value ratios and shortened loan terms and accelerated repayment schedules. These factors may hinder our ability to access financing.
If financing or refinancing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to meet our obligations as they come due or we may be unable to implement our growth strategy, complete acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The business and activity levels of many of our customers, shipbuilders and third parties with which we do business and their respective abilities to fulfill their obligations under agreements with us, including payments for the charter of our vessels, may be hindered by any deterioration in the credit markets.
Our current vessels are, and we anticipate that those that we acquire in the future will be, primarily chartered to customers under long-term time charters. Payments to us under those charters currently, and are expected to continue to, account for nearly all of our revenue. Many of our customers finance their activities through cash flow from operations, the incurrence of debt or the issuance of equity. During the recent financial and economic crises, there occurred a significant decline in the credit markets and the availability of credit and other forms of financing. Additionally, the equity value of many of our customers substantially declined during that period. The combination of a reduction of cash flow resulting from declines in world trade, a reduction in borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities and the limited or lack of availability of debt or equity financing potentially reduced the ability of our customers to make charter payments to us. Any recurrence of the significant financial and economic disruption of the last few years could result in similar effects on our customers or other third parties with which we do business, which in turn could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Similarly, the shipbuilders with whom we have contracted to construct newbuilding vessels may be affected by future instability of the financial markets and other market conditions, including with respect to the fluctuating price of commodities and currency exchange rates. In addition, the refund guarantors under our shipbuilding contracts (which are banks, financial institutions and other credit agencies that guarantee, under certain circumstances, the repayment of installment payments we make to the shipbuilders), may also be negatively affected by adverse financial market conditions in the same manner as our lenders and, as a result, be unable or unwilling to meet their obligations to us due to their own financial condition. If our shipbuilders or refund guarantors are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations to us, this will harm our fleet expansion and may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We will be paying all costs for the newbuilding vessels that we have contracted to purchase and have incurred borrowings to fund, in part, installment payments under the relevant shipbuilding contracts. If any of these vessels are not delivered as contemplated, we may be required to refund all or a portion of the amounts we borrowed.
The construction period currently required for a newbuilding containership similar to those we have ordered is approximately 18 months. For each of the newbuilding vessels that we have agreed to purchase, we are required to make certain payment installments prior to a final installment payment, which final installment payment generally is approximately 60-80% of the total vessel purchase price. We have entered into long-term credit facilities to partially fund the construction of our newbuilding vessels and plan to enter into additional credit facilities or lease obligations to fund the remaining vessels that we have contracted to purchase. We are required to make these payments to the shipbuilder and to pay the debt service cost under the credit facilities in advance of receiving any revenue under the time charters for the vessels, which commence following delivery of the vessels.
If a shipbuilder is unable to deliver a vessel or if we or one of our customers rejects a vessel, we may be required to repay a portion of the outstanding balance of the relevant credit facility. Such an outcome could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We derive our revenue from a limited number of customers, and the loss of any of such customers would harm our revenue and cash flow.
The following table shows, as at December 31, 2014, the number of vessels in our operating fleet that were chartered to our then 10 customers and the percentage of our total revenue attributable to the charters with such customers for the year ended December 31, 2014:
Customer |
Number of Vessels in our Operating Fleet Chartered to Such Customer |
Percentage of Total Revenue for the Year Ended December 31, 2014 |
||||||
COSCON |
18 | 42.3 | % | |||||
CSCL Asia |
17 | 17.6 | % | |||||
Hapag-Lloyd(1) |
18 | 10.8 | % | |||||
K-Line |
7 | 10.6 | % | |||||
Other |
17 | 18.7 | % | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
77 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Includes vessels chartered to Hapag-Lloyd, HL USA and Norasia subsequent to Hapag-Lloyds acquisition of Norasia. |
The majority of our vessels are chartered under long-term time charters, and customer payments are our primary source of operating cash flow. The loss of any of these charters or any material decrease in payments thereunder could materially harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares.
Under some circumstances, we could lose a time charter or payments under the charter if:
| the customer fails to make charter payments because of its financial inability, disagreements with us, defaults on a payment or otherwise; |
| at the time of delivery, the vessel subject to the time charter differs in its specifications from those agreed upon under the shipbuilding contract; or |
| the customer exercises certain limited rights to terminate the charter, including (a) if the ship fails to meet certain guaranteed speed and fuel consumption requirements and we are unable to rectify the situation or otherwise reach a mutually acceptable settlement and (b) under some charters, if we undertake a change of control to which the customer does not consent or if the vessel is unavailable for operation for certain reasons for a specified period of time, or if delivery of a newbuilding is delayed for a prolonged period. |
Any significant financial or economic disruption could result in our customers being unable to make charter payments to us in the future or seeking to amend the terms of our charters. Any such event could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our growth depends upon continued growth in demand for containerships.
Our growth will generally depend on continued growth and renewal in world and regional demand for containership chartering. The ocean-going shipping container industry is both cyclical and volatile in terms of charter hire rates and profitability. Fluctuations in containership charter rates result from changes in the supply and demand for vessel capacity which are driven by global fleet capacity and utilization and changes in the supply and demand for the major products internationally transported by containerships. The factors affecting the supply and demand for containerships, and the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions are unpredictable.
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Factors that influence demand for containership capacity include, among others:
| supply and demand for products suitable for shipping in containers; |
| changes in global production of products transported by containerships; |
| seaborne and other transportation patterns, including the distances over which container cargoes are transported and changes in such patterns and distances; |
| the globalization of manufacturing; |
| global and regional economic and political conditions; |
| developments in international trade; |
| environmental and other regulatory developments; |
| currency exchange rates; and |
| weather. |
Factors that influence the supply of containership capacity include, among others:
| the number of newbuilding orders and deliveries; |
| the extent of newbuilding vessel deferrals; |
| the scrapping rate of containerships; |
| newbuilding prices and containership owner access to capital to finance the construction of newbuildings; |
| charter rates and the price of steel and other raw materials; |
| changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful life of containerships; |
| the number of containerships that are slow-steaming or extra slow-steaming to conserve fuel; |
| the number of containerships that are idle; |
| port congestion and canal closures; and |
| demand for fleet renewal. |
Our ability to recharter our containerships upon the expiration or termination of their current time charters and the charter rates payable under any renewal or replacement charters will depend upon, among other things, the then current state of the containership market. If charter rates are low when our existing time charters expire, we may be required to recharter our vessels at reduced rates or even possibly a rate whereby we incur a loss, which would harm our results of operations. Alternatively, we may determine to leave such vessels off-charter. The same issues will exist if we acquire additional vessels and seek to charter them under long-term time charter arrangements as part of our growth strategy.
An over-supply of containership capacity may lead to reductions in charter hire rates and profitability.
As of February 1, 2015, newbuilding containerships with an aggregate capacity of 3.4 million TEUs, representing approximately 18.4% of the total worldwide containership fleet capacity as of that date, were under construction. The size of the orderbook will result in the increase in the size of the world containership fleet over the next few years. An over-supply of containership capacity, combined with stability or any decline in the demand for containerships, may result in a reduction of charter hire rates. If such a reduction occurs when we seek to charter newbuilding vessels, our growth opportunities may be diminished. If such a reduction occurs upon the expiration or termination of our containerships current time charters, we may only be able to recharter our containerships for unprofitable rates, if at all.
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A significant number of our vessels are chartered to Chinese customers and certain of our shipbuilders are based in China. The legal system in China is not fully developed and has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to us, and the geopolitical risks associated with chartering vessels to Chinese customers and constructing vessels in China could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As of February 28, 2015, a total of 17 of the 90 vessels in our current and contracted fleet were chartered to CSCL Asia, and 18 vessels are chartered to COSCON. CSCL Asia and COSCON are subsidiaries of Chinese companies. Our vessels that are chartered to Chinese customers and our five newbuilding vessels that are being constructed in China are subject to various risks as a result of uncertainties in Chinese law, including (a) the risk of loss of revenues, property or equipment as a result of expropriation, nationalization, changes in laws, exchange controls, war, insurrection, civil unrest, strikes or other political risks and (b) being subject to foreign laws and legal systems and the exclusive jurisdiction of Chinese courts and tribunals.
The Chinese legal system is based on written statutes and their legal interpretation by the standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, the Chinese government has been developing a comprehensive system of laws and regulations dealing with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published cases and their non-binding nature, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.
If we are required to commence legal proceedings against a lender, a customer or a charter guarantor based in China with respect to the provisions of a credit facility, a time charter or a time charter guarantee, we may have difficulties in enforcing any judgment obtained in such proceedings in China. Similarly, our shipbuilders based in China provide warranties against certain defects for the vessels that they will construct for us and we have refund guarantees from a Chinese financial institution for installment payments that we will make to the shipbuilders. Although the shipbuilding contracts and refund guarantees are governed by English law, if we are required to commence legal proceedings against these shipbuilders or against the refund guarantor, we may have difficulties enforcing in China any judgment obtained in such proceeding.
A decrease in the level of Chinas export of goods or an increase in trade protectionism will harm our customers business and, in turn, harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Most of our customers containership business revenue is derived from the shipment of goods from the Asia Pacific region, primarily China, to various overseas export markets, including the United States and Europe. Any reduction in or hindrance to the output of China-based exporters could negatively affect the growth rate of Chinas exports and our customers business. For instance, the government of China has implemented economic policies aimed at increasing domestic consumption of Chinese-made goods. This may reduce the supply of goods available for export and may, in turn, result in a decrease in shipping demand.
Our international operations expose us to the risk that increased trade protectionism will harm our business. If global economic challenges exist, governments may turn to trade barriers to protect their domestic industries against foreign imports, thereby depressing shipping demand. Specifically, increasing trade protectionism in the markets that our customers serve has caused and may continue to cause an increase in (a) the cost of goods exported from China, (b) the length of time required to deliver goods from China and (c) the risks associated with exporting goods from China. Such increases may also affect the quantity of goods to be shipped, shipping time schedules, voyage costs and other associated costs.
Any increased trade barriers or restrictions on trade, especially trade with China and Asia, would harm our customers business, results of operations and financial condition and could thereby affect their ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew and increase the number of their time charters with us. This could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Adverse economic conditions, especially in the Asia Pacific region, the European Union or the United States, could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares.
The global economy recently experienced disruption and volatility following adverse changes in global capital markets. The deterioration in the global economy caused, and any renewed deterioration may cause, a decrease in worldwide demand for certain goods and shipping. Economic instability could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In particular, because a significant number of the port calls made by our vessels involves the loading or discharging of containerships in ports in the Asia Pacific region, economic turmoil in that region may exacerbate the effect of any economic slowdown on us. China has been one of the worlds fastest growing economies in terms of GDP, which has increased the demand for shipping. However, Chinas high rate of real GDP growth is forecasted to decline during 2015. Additionally, the European Union, or the EU, and certain of its member states are facing significant economic and political challenges. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to satisfy our payment obligations will likely be harmed by any significant economic downturn in the Asia Pacific region, including China, or in the EU or the United States.
Our growth and our ability to recharter our vessels depends on our ability to expand relationships with existing customers and develop relationships with new customers, for which we will face substantial competition.
We intend to acquire additional containerships as market conditions allow in conjunction with entering primarily into additional long-term, fixed-rate time charters for such ships, and to recharter our existing vessels following the expiration of their current long-term time charters to the extent we retain those vessels in our fleet. The process of obtaining new long-term time charters is highly competitive and generally involves an intensive screening process and competitive bids, and often extends for several months. Containership charters are awarded based upon a variety of factors relating to the vessel operator, including, among others:
| shipping industry relationships and reputation for customer service and safety; |
| container shipping experience and quality of ship operations, including cost effectiveness; |
| quality and experience of seafaring crew; |
| the ability to finance containerships at competitive rates and the shipowners financial stability generally; |
| relationships with shipyards and the ability to get suitable berths; |
| construction management experience, including the ability to obtain on-time delivery of new ships according to customer specifications; |
| willingness to accept operational risks pursuant to the charter, such as allowing termination of the charter for force majeure events; and |
| competitiveness of the bid in terms of overall price. |
Competition for providing new containerships for chartering purposes comes from a number of experienced shipping companies, including direct competition from other independent charter owners and indirect competition from state-sponsored and other major entities with their own fleets. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources than we do and can operate larger fleets and may be able to offer better charter rates. An increasing number of marine transportation companies have entered the containership sector, including many with strong reputations and extensive resources and experience in the marine transportation industry. This increased competition may cause greater price competition for time charters. As a result of these factors, we may be unable to expand our relationships with existing customers or to develop relationships with new customers on a profitable basis, if at all, which would harm our business, results of operations and financial
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condition. These risks will be heightened to the extent that we enter into newbuilding or other vessel acquisition contracts prior to entering into charters for such vessels
If a more active short-term or spot containership market develops, we may have more difficulty entering into long-term, fixed-rate time charters and our existing customers may begin to pressure us to reduce our charter rates.
One of our principal strategies is to enter into long-term, fixed-rate time charters. As more vessels become available for the spot or short-term market, we may have difficulty entering into additional long-term, fixed-rate time charters for our vessels due to the increased supply of vessels and possibly lower rates in the spot market. As a result, our cash flow may be subject to instability in the long-term. A more active short-term or spot market may require us to enter into charters based on changing market prices, as opposed to contracts based on a fixed rate, which could result in a decrease in our cash flow in periods when the market price for containerships is depressed or insufficient funds are available to cover our financing costs for related vessels. In addition, the development of an active short-term or spot containership market could affect rates under our existing time charters as our current customers may begin to pressure us to reduce our rates.
We may be unable to make or realize expected benefits from acquisitions or investments, and implementing our growth strategy through acquisitions of existing businesses or vessels or investments in other containership businesses may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our growth strategy includes selectively acquiring new containerships, existing containerships, containership-related assets and containership businesses as market conditions allow. We may also invest in other containership businesses. Factors that may limit the number of acquisition or investment opportunities in the containership industry include the ability to access capital to fund such transactions, the overall economic environment and the status of global trade and the ability to secure long-term, fixed-rate charters.
Any acquisition of, or investment in, a vessel or business may not be profitable to us at or after the time we acquire or make it and may not generate cash flow sufficient to justify our investment. In addition, our acquisition growth strategy exposes us to risks that may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations, including risks that we may:
| fail to realize anticipated benefits, such as new customer relationships, cost savings or cash flow enhancements; |
| be unable to hire, train or retain qualified shore and seafaring personnel to manage and operate our growing business and fleet; |
| decrease our liquidity by using a significant portion of our available cash or borrowing capacity to finance acquisitions or investments; |
| incur or assume unanticipated liabilities, losses or costs associated with the business or vessels acquired; |
| have difficulties achieving internal controls effectiveness and integrating an acquired business into our internal controls framework; |
| incur other significant charges, such as impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets, asset devaluation or restructuring charges; or |
| not be able to service our debt obligations and other payment obligations related to our securities. |
Our ability to grow may be reduced by the introduction of new accounting rules for leasing.
International and U.S. accounting standard-setting organizations have proposed the elimination of operating leases. The proposals are not yet finalized. If the proposals are enacted, they would have the effect of bringing
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most off-balance sheet leases onto a lessees balance sheet as liabilities. This proposed change could affect our customers and potential customers and may cause them to breach certain financial covenants. This may make them less likely to enter into time charters for our containerships, which could reduce our growth opportunities.
Under the time charters for some of our vessels, if a vessel is off-hire for an extended period, the customer has a right to terminate the charter agreement for that vessel.
Under most of our time charter agreements, if a vessel is not available for service, or off-hire, for an extended period, the customer has a right to terminate the charter agreement for that vessel. If a time charter is terminated early, we may be unable to re-deploy the related vessel on terms as favorable to us, if at all. In the worst case, we may not receive any revenue from that vessel, but be required to continue to pay financing costs for the vessel and expenses necessary to maintain the vessel in proper operating condition. Please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTime Charters and Bareboat Charters.
Risks inherent in the operation of ocean-going vessels could harm our business and reputation.
The operation of ocean-going vessels carries inherent risks. These risks include the possibility of:
| marine disaster; |
| environmental accidents; |
| grounding, fire, explosions and collisions; |
| cargo and property losses or damage; |
| business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions; and |
| piracy. |
Such occurrences could result in death or injury to persons, loss of property or environmental damage, delays in the delivery of cargo, loss of revenue from or termination of charter contracts, governmental fines, penalties or restrictions on conducting business, higher insurance rates, and damage to our reputation and customer relationships generally. The involvement of our vessels in an environmental disaster could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator. Any of these circumstances or events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels have increased in frequency, which could harm our business.
Piracy is an inherent risk in the operation of ocean-going vessels and has historically affected vessels trading in certain regions of the world, including, among other areas, the South China Sea and the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares. In addition, crew costs, including for employing onboard security guards, could increase in such circumstances. Any of these events, or the loss of use of a vessel due to piracy, may harm our customers, impairing their ability to make payments to us under our charters, which would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Terrorist attacks and international hostilities could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Terrorist attacks such as the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the continuing response of the United States to these attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks, continue to cause uncertainty in the world financial markets. Conflicts in Afghanistan, the Middle East and other regions and
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periodic tensions between North and South Korea (where many shipbuilders are located) may lead to additional acts of terrorism, regional conflict and other armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets or in regions where our customers do business or, in the case of countries in which our shipbuilders are located, affect our access to new vessels. These uncertainties or events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. In addition, terrorist attacks targeted at sea vessels in the future may negatively affect our operations and financial condition and directly affect our containerships or customers.
Our insurance may be insufficient to cover losses that may occur to our property or result from the inherent operational risks of the shipping industry.
We maintain insurance for our fleet against risks commonly insured against by vessel owners and operators. Our insurance includes hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance and protection and indemnity insurance (which includes environmental damage and pollution insurance). We may not be adequately insured against all risks and our insurers may not pay a particular claim. Even if our insurance coverage is adequate to cover any vessel loss, we may not be able to timely obtain a replacement vessel. Our credit facilities and lease agreements restrict our use of any proceeds we may receive from claims under our insurance policies. In addition, in the future we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our fleet. We may also be subject to supplementary or additional calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our own claim records but also the claim records of all other members of the protection and indemnity associations, as an industry group, through which we receive indemnity insurance coverage for statutory, contractual and tort liability, due to the sharing and reinsurance arrangements stated in the insurance rules. Our insurance policies also contain deductibles, limitations and exclusions which, although we believe they are standard in the shipping industry, may directly or indirectly increase our costs.
In addition, we do not carry loss-of-hire insurance, which covers the loss of revenue during extended vessel off-hire periods, such as those that occur during an unscheduled dry-docking due to damage to the vessel from accidents. Accordingly, any loss of a vessel or extended vessel off-hire, due to an accident or otherwise, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Increased inspection procedures, tighter import and export controls and new security regulations could cause disruption of our business.
International containership traffic is subject to security and customs inspection and related procedures in countries of origin, destination and trans-shipment points. These inspections can result in cargo seizure, delays in the loading, offloading, trans-shipment or delivery of containers and the levying of customs duties, fines or other penalties against exporters or importers and, in some cases, customers.
Since the events of September 11, 2001, U.S. and Canadian authorities have increased container inspection rates. Government investment in non-intrusive container scanning technology has grown and there is interest in electronic monitoring technology. It is unclear what changes, if any, to the existing inspection procedures will ultimately be proposed or implemented, or how any such changes will affect the industry. Such changes may impose additional financial and legal obligations on carriers and may render the shipment of certain types of goods by container uneconomical or impractical. Additional costs that may arise from current or future inspection procedures may not be fully recoverable from customers through higher rates or security surcharges. Any of these effects could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Depending on the outcome of an ongoing EU investigation of container liner companies related to potential antitrust violations, our growth, results of operations and our ability to charter our vessels may be reduced.
The European Commission is conducting investigations of certain major container liner companies, including some of our existing customers, related to potential violations of EU competition (antitrust) rules.
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Although we have no basis for assessing the outcome of these investigations, it is possible that additional financial and legal obligations may be imposed on one or more of these liner companies. Such obligations may make these customers or similarly situated potential customers less likely to enter into or renew time charters for our containerships, which could reduce our growth opportunities and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares. In addition, any significant financial penalties arising from these or similar investigations could reduce the ability of our customers to make charter payments to us, which likewise could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Over time, containership values may fluctuate substantially, which could adversely affect our results of operations or our ability to raise capital.
Containership values can fluctuate substantially over time due to a number of different factors, including, among others:
| prevailing economic conditions in the market in which the containership trades; |
| a substantial or extended decline in world trade; |
| increases in the supply of containership capacity; and |
| the cost of retrofitting or modifying existing ships, as a result of technological advances in vessel design or equipment, changes in applicable environmental or other regulations or standards, or otherwise. |
If a charter terminates, we may be unable to re-deploy the vessel at attractive rates and, rather than continue to incur costs to maintain and finance the vessel, may seek to dispose of it. Our inability to dispose of the containership at a reasonable price, or at all, could result in a loss on its sale and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, if we determine at any time that a containerships value has been impaired, we may need to recognize a significant impairment charge that will reduce our earnings and net assets. We review our containership assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable, which occurs when the assets carrying value is greater than the undiscounted future cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining useful life. In our experience, certain assumptions relating to our estimates of future cash flows are more predictable by their nature, including, estimated revenue under existing contract terms and remaining vessel life. Certain assumptions relating to our estimates of future cash flows require more discretion and are inherently less predictable, such as future charter rates beyond the firm period of existing contracts and vessel residual values, due to factors such as the volatility in vessel charter rates and vessel values. We believe that the assumptions used to estimate future cash flows of our vessels are reasonable at the time they are made. We can make no assurances, however, as to whether our estimates of future cash flows, particularly future vessel charter rates or vessel values, will be accurate. Vessels that are currently not considered impaired may become impaired over time if the future estimated undiscounted cash flows decline at a rate that is faster than the depreciation of our vessels.
A reduction in our net assets could result in a breach of certain financial covenants contained in our credit and lease facilities and our preferred shares, which could limit our ability to borrow additional funds under our credit and lease facilities, require us to repay outstanding amounts, or increase the dividend rate of our Series C preferred shares. Further, declining containership values could affect our ability to raise cash by limiting our ability to refinance vessels or use unencumbered vessels as collateral for new loans. This could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We are subject to regulation and liability under environmental laws that could require significant expenditures and affect our operations.
Our business and the operation of our containerships are materially affected by environmental regulation in the form of international conventions, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which our containerships operate, as well as in the countries of their registration, including those governing the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, the cleanup of oil spills and other contamination, air emissions, water discharges, ballast water management and vessel recycling. Because such conventions, laws and regulations are often revised, we cannot predict the ultimate cost or effect of complying with such requirements or the effect thereof on the resale price or useful life of our containerships. Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our doing business, which may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Environmental requirements can also affect the resale value or useful lives of our vessels, require a reduction in cargo capacity, ship modifications or operational changes or restrictions, lead to decreased availability of insurance coverage for environmental matters or result in substantial penalties, fines or other sanctions, including the denial of access to certain jurisdictional waters or ports or detention in certain ports. Under local, national and foreign laws, as well as international treaties and conventions, we could incur material liabilities, including cleanup obligations and natural resource damages, if there is a release of petroleum or other hazardous materials from our vessels or otherwise in connection with our operations. We could also become subject to personal injury or property damage claims relating to the release of hazardous materials associated with our operations.
In addition, in complying with existing environmental laws and regulations and those that may be adopted, we may incur significant costs in meeting new maintenance and inspection requirements and new restrictions on air emissions from our containerships, in developing contingency arrangements for potential spills and in obtaining insurance coverage. Government regulation of vessels, particularly in the areas of safety, security and environmental requirements, can be expected to become stricter in the future and require us to incur significant capital expenditures on our vessels to keep them in compliance, or even to scrap or sell certain vessels altogether. Substantial violations of applicable requirements or a catastrophic release of bunker fuel from one of our containerships could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Compliance with safety and other vessel requirements imposed by classification societies may be costly and harm our business.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the Safety of Life at Sea Convention. In addition, a vessel generally must undergo annual, intermediate and special surveys to maintain classification society certification. If any vessel does not maintain its class or fails any annual, intermediate or special survey, the vessel will be unable to trade between ports and will be unemployable and we could be in violation of certain covenants in our credit facilities and our lease agreements. This could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Delays in deliveries of our newbuilding containerships could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are currently under contract to purchase 13 newbuilding containerships, which are scheduled to be delivered at various times through October 2016. The delivery of these containerships, or any other containerships we may order, could be delayed, which would delay our receipt of revenue under the time charters for the containerships and, if the delay is prolonged, could permit our customers to terminate the newbuilding containership time charter. Any of such events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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The delivery of the containerships could be delayed because of:
| work stoppages, other labor disturbances or other events that disrupt any of the shipyards operations; |
| quality or engineering problems; |
| changes in governmental regulations or maritime self-regulatory organization standards; |
| bankruptcy or other financial crisis of any of the shipyards; |
| a backlog of orders at any of the shipyards; |
| hostilities, or political or economic disturbances in Korea, Taiwan or China, where the containerships are being built; |
| weather interference or catastrophic event, such as a major earthquake, fire or tsunami; |
| our requests for changes to the original containership specifications; |
| shortages of or delays in the receipt of necessary construction materials, such as steel; |
| our inability to obtain requisite permits or approvals; |
| a dispute with any of the shipyards; |
| the failure of our banks to provide debt financing; or |
| a disruption to the financial markets. |
In addition, each of the shipbuilding contracts for our newbuilding containerships contains force majeure provisions whereby the occurrence of certain events could delay delivery or possibly result in termination of the contract. If delivery of a containership is materially delayed or if a shipbuilding contract is terminated, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Due to our lack of diversification, adverse developments in our containership transportation business could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our articles of incorporation currently limit our business to the chartering or rechartering of containerships to others and other related activities, unless otherwise approved by our board of directors.
Nearly all of our cash flow is generated from our charters that operate in the containership transportation business. Due to our lack of diversification, an adverse development in the containership industry may more significantly harm our business, results of operations and financial condition than if we maintained more diverse assets or lines of business.
Because each existing and newbuilding vessel in our contracted fleet is or will be built in accordance with standard designs and uniform in all material respects to other vessels in its TEU class, any material design defect likely will affect all vessels in such class.
Each existing and newbuilding vessel in our fleet is built, or will be built, in accordance with standard designs and uniform in all material respects to other vessels in its class. As a result, any latent design defect discovered in one of our vessels will likely affect all of our other vessels in that class. Any disruptions in the operation of our vessels resulting from these defects could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There are greater than normal construction, delivery and operational risks with respect to our New Panamax 10000 and Neo-Panamax 14000 TEU newbuilding vessels.
Six 10000 TEU newbuilding vessels were delivered during 2014 and we have contracted to purchase an additional five new Panamax 10000 TEU vessels and eight neo-Panamax 14000 TEU vessels and may order
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additional vessels of these types in the future. The 10000 TEU and 14000 TEU vessels are or will be the first vessels constructed using this new design and the first vessels constructed of these sizes at some of these shipyards. As such, there may exist greater than normal construction, delivery and operational risks associated with these vessels. Deliveries of these vessels could be delayed and problems with operation of these vessels could be encountered, either of which could adversely affect our reputation, the receipt of revenue under time charters for or the operating cost of these vessels, and their future resale value.
Increased technological innovation in competing vessels could reduce our charter hire rates and the value of our vessels.
The charter hire rates and the value and operational life of a vessel are determined by a number of factors, including the vessels efficiency, operational flexibility and physical life. Efficiency includes speed, fuel economy and the ability to be loaded and unloaded quickly. Flexibility includes the ability to enter harbors, utilize related docking facilities and pass through canals and straits. Physical life is related to the original design and construction, maintenance and the impact of the stress of operations. If new containerships are built that are more efficient or flexible or have longer physical lives than our vessels, competition from these more technologically advanced containerships could adversely affect the amount of charter hire payments we receive for our vessels once their initial charters end and the resale value of our vessels. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against the applicable vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the sister ship theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel that is subject to the claimants maritime lien and any associated vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could try to assert sister ship liability against one vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another of our ships. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our business and cash flow and require us to pay significant amounts to have the arrest lifted, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Governments could requisition our containerships during a period of war or emergency, resulting in loss of earnings.
The government of a ships registry could requisition for title or seize our containerships. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a ship and becomes the owner. Also, a government could requisition our containerships for hire. Requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a ship and effectively becomes the charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or more of our containerships could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations may result in fluctuations in our results of operations and financial condition and ability to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares.
All of our charter revenues are earned in U.S. dollars. Although a significant portion of our operating and general and administrative costs are incurred in U.S. dollars, we have some exposure to currencies other than U.S. dollars, including Canadian dollars, Indian Rupees, Euros and other foreign currencies. Although we monitor exchange rate fluctuations on a continuous basis, and seek to reduce our exposure in certain circumstances by denominating charter-hire revenue, ship building contracts, purchase contracts and debt obligations in U.S. dollars when practical to do so, we do not currently fully hedge movements in currency exchange rates. As a result, currency fluctuations may have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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Damage to our reputation or industry relationships could harm our business.
Our operational success and our ability to grow depend significantly upon our satisfactory performance of technical services (including vessel maintenance, crewing, purchasing, shipyard supervision, insurance, assistance with regulatory compliance and financial services). Our business will be harmed if we fail to perform these services satisfactorily. Our ability to compete for and to enter into new charters and expand our relationships with our customers depends upon our reputation and relationships in the shipping industry. If we suffer material damage to our reputation or relationships, it may harm our ability to, among other things:
| renew existing charters upon their expiration; |
| obtain new charters; |
| successfully interact with shipyards; |
| dispose of vessels on commercially acceptable terms; |
| obtain financing on commercially acceptable terms; |
| maintain satisfactory relationships with our customers and suppliers; or |
| grow our business. |
If our ability to do any of the things described above is impaired, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As we expand our business or provide services to third parties, we may need to improve our operating and financial systems, expand our commercial and technical management staff, and recruit suitable employees and crew for our vessels.
Since our initial public offering in 2005, we have increased the size of our contracted fleet from 23 to 90 vessels. We have also agreed to provide technical management services to third and related parties, including GCI and affiliates of Dennis R. Washington for vessels they may acquire. Our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate if we further expand the size of our fleet or if we provide services to third parties and attempts to improve those systems may be ineffective. In addition, we will need to recruit suitable additional administrative and management personnel to manage any growth. We may not be able to continue to hire suitable employees in such circumstances. If a shortage of experienced labor exists or if we encounter business or financial difficulties, we may not be able to adequately staff our vessels. If we expand our fleet, or as we provide services to third parties and we are unable to grow our financial and operating systems or to recruit suitable employees, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
Our chief executive officer does not devote all of his time to our business.
Our chief executive officer, Gerry Wang, is involved in other business activities that may result in his spending less time than is appropriate or necessary in order to manage our business successfully. Pursuant to his employment agreement with us, Mr. Wang is permitted to provide services to Tiger Management Limited, an entity owned and controlled by one of our directors, Graham Porter, or the Tiger Member, and GCI and certain of their respective affiliates, in addition to the services that he provides to us. In addition, Mr. Wang is the chairman of the board of managers of GCI. Please read Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsB. Related Party TransactionsCertain Relationships and Transactions.
Our business depends upon certain employees, who may not necessarily continue to work for us.
Our future success depends to a significant extent upon our chief executive officer and co-chairman of our board of directors, Gerry Wang, and certain members of our senior management. Mr. Wang has substantial experience and relationships in the containership industry and has been instrumental in developing our relationships with our customers. Mr. Wang and other members of our senior management are crucial to the
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development of our business strategy and to the growth and development of our business. If they, and Mr. Wang in particular, were no longer to be affiliated with us, we may fail to recruit other employees with equivalent talent, experience and relationships, and our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends may be significantly harmed as a result. Although Mr. Wang has an employment agreement with us through the termination of our right of first refusal with GCI (which is scheduled to expire on March 31, 2016, unless earlier terminated), Mr. Wang could terminate his employment at any time. As such, it is possible that Mr. Wang will no longer provide services to us and that our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed by the loss of such services.
We may not achieve expected benefits from our participation in GCI.
In March 2011, we agreed to participate in GCI, which invests in containership assets, primarily newbuilding vessels strategic to the Peoples Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, or Greater China. We believe that the combined scale of our business and GCI, together with current excess capacity at shipyards, allows us to realize volume discounts for newbuilding orders and to negotiate fuel-efficient design improvements from shipyards that are attractive to our customers. To the extent excess shipyard capacity decreases, we may be unable to achieve these benefits. In addition, we may be unable to obtain more attractive vessel financing through GCI than otherwise available to us on our own.
GCI intends to compete in our markets, and its entry into the containership market may harm our business, results of operations and financial position.
The Carlyle Group, or Carlyle, which controls GCI, is a leading global alternative asset manager. GCI intends to invest equity capital in containership and other maritime assets, primarily newbuilding vessels strategic to Greater China, which is similar to our growth strategy of investing in primarily newbuilding vessels strategic to Greater China. The involvement of Carlyle in GCI and the amount of funds that GCI may invest in containerships could result in GCI becoming the owner of a significant fleet of containerships, which could compete with us for growth opportunities, subject to certain rights of first refusal in our favor that may continue up to March 31, 2016, subject to earlier termination. Please read Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsB. Related Party TransactionsOur Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment VehicleRights of First Refusal and First Offer. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed to the extent GCI successfully competes against us for containership opportunities.
We have reduced the fiduciary duties of Gerry Wang and Graham Porter in relation to certain growth opportunities that become subject to our right of first refusal with GCI, which may limit our rights in such growth opportunities to our rights under the right of first refusal.
Pursuant to agreements between us and each of our chief executive officer and co-chairman of our board of directors, Gerry Wang, and one of our directors, Graham Porter, we have reduced the fiduciary duties of Mr. Wang and Mr. Porter in relation to certain containership vessel and business opportunities to the extent such opportunities are subject to our right of first refusal with GCI and (a) the conflicts committee of our board of directors decides to reject such opportunity or we fail to exercise our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity, (b) we exercise such right but fail to pursue such opportunity or (c) we do not have the right under our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity. Our rights to such opportunities may be limited to our rights under our right of first refusal with GCI, which would be more restrictive than the rights based on fiduciary duties we otherwise would have relating to such opportunities.
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In order to timely exercise our right of first refusal from GCI, we may be required to enter into containership construction contracts without financing arrangements or charter contracts then being in place, which may result in financing on less favorable terms or employment of the vessels other than on long-term, fixed-rate charters, if at all.
Under our right of first refusal with GCI relating to containership acquisition opportunities, we generally must exercise our right of first refusal within 12 business days of receiving a notice from GCI of the acquisition opportunity. At the time we must exercise our right of first refusal, there may be no financing arrangement or charter commitment relating to the newbuilding or existing containership to be acquired. If we elect to acquire the vessel without a financing arrangement or charter commitment then in place, we may be unable subsequently to obtain financing or charter the vessel on a long-term, fixed-rate basis, on terms that will result in positive cash flow to us from operation of the vessel, or at all. Accordingly, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
Certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates have separate interests in or related to GCI, which may result in conflicts of interest between their interests and those of us and our shareholders relative to GCI.
One of our directors, Graham Porter, through his interest in the Tiger Member, is an indirect investor in Greater China Industrial Investments LLC, or GC Industrial, the member with the largest capital commitment in GCI. Blue Water Commerce, LLC, or Blue Water, an affiliate of Dennis R. Washington, or the Washington Member, has an indirect interest in the Tiger Member. As a result, Mr. Porter and the Washington Member will have an indirect interest in incentive distributions received by GC Industrial from GCI. These incentive distributions will range between 20% and 30% after a cumulative compounded rate of return of 12% has been generated on all member capital contributions. Our chief executive officer, Gerry Wang, is the chairman of the board of managers of GCI. Messrs. Wang and Porter are members of GCIs transaction committee, which will be primarily responsible for approving the purchase, newbuild contracting, chartering, financing and technical management of new and existing investments for GCI. Kyle R. Washington, co-chairman of our board of directors, is a non-voting member of GCIs transaction committee. In addition, affiliates of Messrs. Wang and Porter provide certain transactional and financing services to GCI, for which they receive compensation.
As a result of these interests relating to GCI, the interests of Messrs. Wang, Porter and Kyle R. Washington may conflict with those of us or our shareholders relative to GCI.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could make it difficult for our shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors or have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition, which could adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Several provisions of our articles of incorporation and our bylaws could make it difficult for our shareholders to change the composition of our board of directors in any one year, preventing them from changing the composition of management. In addition, the same provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may consider favorable.
These provisions include:
| authorizing our board of directors to issue blank check preferred shares without shareholder approval; |
| providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms; |
| prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; |
| authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote for those directors; |
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| prohibiting shareholder action by written consent unless the written consent is signed by all shareholders entitled to vote on the action; |
| limiting the persons who may call special meetings of shareholders; |
| establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings; and |
| restricting business combinations with interested shareholders. |
We have also adopted a shareholder rights plan pursuant to which our board of directors may cause the substantial dilution of the holdings of any person that attempts to acquire us without the boards prior approval.
These anti-takeover provisions, including the provisions of our shareholder rights plan, could substantially impede a potential change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Substantial future sales of our preferred or common shares in the public market could cause the price of such shares to fall.
The market price of our preferred and common stock could decline due to sales of a large number of shares in the market, including sales of shares by our large shareholders, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales could also make it more difficult or impossible for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate to raise funds through future share offerings. In connection with our initial public offering, our issuance of Series A preferred shares, our entry into employment or services agreements with our chief executive officer, Gerry Wang, and an affiliate of one of our directors, Graham Porter, and the acquisition of our Manager, we have granted registration rights to the holders of certain of our securities, including common shares or securities convertible into common shares. These shareholders have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering the sale by them of such common shares. Following their sale under an applicable registration statement, any such common shares will become freely tradable. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of common shares, these shareholders could cause the price of our common shares to decline.
We are incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of corporate law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of incorporation and bylaws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of some states in the United States. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain United States jurisdictions. Shareholder rights may differ as well. While the BCA does specifically incorporate non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction.
Because we are organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands, it may be difficult to serve us with legal process or enforce judgments against us, our directors or our management.
We are organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Our principal executive offices are located in Hong Kong and a majority of our directors and officers are residents outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against our directors or our management in the United States if you believe that your
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rights have been infringed under securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Marshall Islands and of other jurisdictions may prevent or restrict you from enforcing a judgment against our assets or our directors and officers.
Our ability to pay dividends on our shares and redeem our preferred shares is limited by the requirements of Marshall Islands law.
Marshall Islands law provides that we may pay dividends on our shares and redeem our preferred shares only to the extent that assets are legally available for such purposes. Legally available assets generally are limited to our surplus, which essentially represents our retained earnings and the excess of consideration received by us for the sale of shares above the par value of the shares. In addition, under Marshall Islands law we may not pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares if we are insolvent or would be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend or the making of such redemption.
We may not have sufficient cash from our operations to enable us to pay dividends on our shares or redeem our preferred shares following the payment of expenses.
We will pay quarterly dividends on our shares from funds legally available for such purpose when, as and if declared by our board of directors. We may not have sufficient cash available each quarter to pay dividends. In addition, we may have insufficient cash available to redeem our preferred shares. The amount of dividends we can pay or the amount we can use to redeem the preferred shares depends upon the amount of cash we generate from and use in our operations, which may fluctuate significantly based on, among other things:
| the rates we obtain from our charters or recharters and the ability of our customers to perform their obligations under their time charters; |
| the level of our operating costs; |
| the number of unscheduled off-hire days for our fleet and the timing of, and number of days required for, dry-docking of our containerships; |
| delays in the delivery of new vessels and the beginning of payments under charters relating to those ships; |
| prevailing global and regional economic and political conditions; |
| the effect of governmental regulations and maritime self-regulatory organization standards on the conduct of our business; |
| changes in the basis of taxation of our activities in various jurisdictions; |
| our ability to service and refinance our current and future indebtedness; |
| our ability to raise additional debt and equity to satisfy our capital needs; and |
| our ability to draw on our existing credit facilities and the ability of our lenders and lessors to perform their obligations under their agreements with us. |
The amount of cash we have available to pay dividends on our shares or to redeem our preferred shares will not depend solely on our profitability.
The actual amount of cash we will have available to pay dividends on our shares or to redeem our preferred shares also depends on many factors, including, among others:
| changes in our operating cash flow, capital expenditure requirements, working capital requirements and other cash needs; |
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| restrictions under our existing or future credit and lease facilities or any future debt securities, including existing restrictions under our credit and lease facilities on our ability to declare or pay dividends if an event of default has occurred and is continuing or if the payment of the dividend would result in an event of default; |
| the amount of any reserves established by our board of directors; and |
| restrictions under Marshall Islands law, which generally prohibits the payment of dividends other than from surplus (i.e. retained earnings and the excess of consideration received for the sale of shares above the par value of the shares) or while a company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend. |
The amount of cash we generate from our operations may differ materially from our net income or loss for the period, which is affected by non-cash items, and our board of directors in its discretion may elect not to declare any dividends. As a result of these and the other factors mentioned above, we may pay dividends during periods when we record losses and may not pay dividends during periods when we record net income.
Tax Risks
In addition to the following risk factors, you should read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTaxation of the Company, and Item 10. Additional InformationE. Taxation, for a more complete discussion of the expected material U.S. federal and non-U.S. income tax considerations relating to us and the ownership and disposition of our shares.
U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a passive foreign investment company, which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders.
A non-U.S. entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be treated as a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, for such purposes in any taxable year for which either (a) at least 75% of its gross income consists of passive income or (b) at least 50% of the average value of the corporations assets is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of these tests, passive income includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property, rents and royalties (other than rents and royalties that are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business) but does not include income derived from the performance of services.
There are legal uncertainties involved in determining whether the income derived from our time chartering activities constitutes rental income or income derived from the performance of services, including the decision in Tidewater Inc. v. United States, 565 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), which held that income derived from certain time chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services income for purposes of a foreign sales corporation provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. However, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, stated in an Action on Decision (AOD 2010-01) that it disagrees with, and will not acquiesce to, the way that the rental versus services framework was applied to the facts in the Tidewater decision, and in its discussion stated that the time charters at issue in Tidewater would be treated as producing services income for PFIC purposes. The IRSs statement with respect to Tidewater cannot be relied upon or otherwise cited as precedent by taxpayers. Consequently, in the absence of any binding legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court would not follow the Tidewater decision in interpreting the PFIC provisions of the Code. Nevertheless, based on the current composition of our assets and operations (and those of our subsidiaries), we intend to take the position that we are not now and have never been a PFIC. No assurance can be given, however, that this position would be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS, or that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in our assets, income or operations.
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If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined below under Item 10. Additional InformationE. TaxationMaterial U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations) held shares, such U.S. Holder would face adverse tax consequences. For a more comprehensive discussion regarding our status as a PFIC and the tax consequences to U.S. Holders if we are treated as a PFIC, please read Item 10. Additional InformationE. TaxationMaterial U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsU.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. HoldersPFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences.
We, or any of our subsidiaries, may become subject to income tax in jurisdictions in which we are organized or operate, including the United States, Canada and Hong Kong, which would reduce our earnings and potentially cause certain shareholders to be subject to tax in such jurisdictions.
We intend that our affairs and the business of each of our subsidiaries will be conducted and operated in a manner that minimizes income taxes imposed upon us and our subsidiaries. However, there is a risk that we will be subject to income tax in one or more jurisdictions, including the United States, Canada and Hong Kong, if under the laws of any such jurisdiction, we or such subsidiary is considered to be carrying on a trade or business there or earn income that is considered to be sourced there and we do not or such subsidiary does not qualify for an exemption. Please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTaxation of the Company. In addition, while we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to be, resident in Canada, in the event that we were treated as a resident of Canada, shareholders who are non-residents of Canada may be or become subject to tax in Canada. Please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTaxation of the CompanyCanadian Taxation and Item 10. Additional InformationE. TaxationCanadian Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Item 4. | Information on the Company |
A. History and Development of the Company
Seaspan Corporation was incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands in May 2005 to acquire all of the containership business of Seaspan Container Lines Limited. In August 2005, we completed our initial public offering. From an initial operating fleet of 10 vessels, as of February 28, 2015, we have grown to an operating fleet of 77 containerships and we have entered into contracts for the purchase of an additional 13 newbuilding containerships, which have scheduled delivery dates through October 2016. In January 2012, we acquired our Manager, which provides us with all of our technical, administrative and strategic services.
We maintain our principal executive offices at Unit 2, 2nd Floor, Bupa Centre, 141 Connaught Road West, Hong Kong, China. Our telephone number is (852) 2540-1686.
B. Business Overview
General
We are a leading independent charter owner and manager of containerships, which we charter primarily pursuant to long-term, fixed-rate time charters with major container liner companies. As of February 28, 2015 we operated a fleet of 77 containerships and have entered into contracts for the purchase of an additional 13 newbuilding containerships which have scheduled delivery dates through October 2016. Of our 13 newbuilding containerships, 12 will commence operation under long-term, fixed-rate charters upon delivery. We expect to enter into a long-term time charter contract for the remaining newbuilding containership in the near future. The average age of the 77 vessels in our operating fleet was approximately seven years as of February 28, 2015.
We primarily deploy our vessels on long-term, fixed-rate time charters to take advantage of the stable cash flow and high utilization rates that are typically associated with long-term time charters. As of February 28, 2015, the charters on the 77 vessels in our operating fleet had an average remaining term of approximately five years, excluding the effect of charterers options to extend certain time charters.
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Customers for our operating fleet as at February 28, 2015 were as follows:
Customers for Current Fleet |
COSCON |
CSCL Asia |
HL USA |
Hanjin |
Hapag-Lloyd |
K-Line |
MSC |
MOL |
Norasia |
OOCL |
Customers for Additional 12 Vessel Deliveries Subject to Charter Contracts |
Maersk |
MOL |
Yang Ming Marine |
Our primary objective is to continue to grow our business through accretive vessel acquisitions as market conditions allow. Please read Our Fleet for more information about our vessels and time charter contracts. Most of our customers containership business revenues are derived from the shipment of goods from the Asia Pacific region, primarily China, to various overseas export markets in the United States and in Europe.
Our Fleet
Our Current Fleet
The following table summarizes key facts regarding our 77 operating vessels as of February 28, 2015:
Vessel Name |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Year Built |
Charter Start Date |
Charterer | Length of Charter |
Daily Charter Rate |
||||||||||||
(in thousands of USD) | ||||||||||||||||||
COSCO Glory |
13100 | 2011 | 6/10/11 | COSCON | 12 years | $ | 55.0 | |||||||||||
COSCO Pride(1) |
13100 | 2011 | 6/29/11 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Development |
13100 | 2011 | 8/10/11 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Harmony |
13100 | 2011 | 8/19/11 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Excellence |
13100 | 2012 | 3/8/12 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Faith(1) |
13100 | 2012 | 3/14/12 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Hope |
13100 | 2012 | 4/19/12 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Fortune |
13100 | 2012 | 4/29/12 | COSCON | 12 years | 55.0 | ||||||||||||
Hanjin Buddha |
10000 | 2014 | 3/25/14 | Hanjin | 10 years + one 2-year option | 43.0 | (2) | |||||||||||
Hanjin Namu |
10000 | 2014 | 6/5/14 | Hanjin | 10 years + one 2-year option | 43.0 | (2) | |||||||||||
Hanjin Tabul |
10000 | 2014 | 7/2/14 | Hanjin | 10 years + one 2-year option | 43.0 | (2) | |||||||||||
MOL Bravo(1) |
10000 | 2014 | 7/18/14 | MOL | 8 years + one 2-year option | 37.5 | (3) | |||||||||||
MOL Brightness(1) |
10000 | 2014 | 10/31/14 | MOL | 8 years + one 2-year option | 37.5 | (3) | |||||||||||
MOL Breeze(1) |
10000 | 2014 | 11/14/14 | MOL | 8 years + one 2-year option | 37.5 | (3) | |||||||||||
CSCL Zeebrugge |
9600 | 2007 | 3/15/07 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 34.5 | (4) | |||||||||||
CSCL Long Beach |
9600 | 2007 | 7/6/07 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 34.5 | (4) | |||||||||||
CSCL Oceania |
8500 | 2004 | 12/4/04 | CSCL Asia | 12 years + one 3-year option | 29.8 | (5) | |||||||||||
CSCL Africa |
8500 | 2005 | 1/24/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years + one 3-year option | 29.8 | (5) | |||||||||||
COSCO Japan |
8500 | 2010 | 3/9/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Korea |
8500 | 2010 | 4/5/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Philippines |
8500 | 2010 | 4/24/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Malaysia |
8500 | 2010 | 5/19/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Indonesia |
8500 | 2010 | 7/5/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Thailand |
8500 | 2010 | 10/20/10 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) |
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Vessel Name |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Year Built |
Charter Start Date |
Charterer | Length of Charter |
Daily Charter Rate |
||||||||||||
(in thousands of USD) | ||||||||||||||||||
COSCO Prince Rupert |
8500 | 2011 | 3/21/11 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
COSCO Vietnam |
8500 | 2011 | 4/21/11 | COSCON | 12 years + three 1-year options | 42.9 | (6) | |||||||||||
MOL Emerald |
5100 | 2009 | 4/30/09 | MOL | 12 years | 28.9 | ||||||||||||
MOL Eminence |
5100 | 2009 | 8/31/09 | MOL | 12 years | 28.9 | ||||||||||||
MOL Emissary |
5100 | 2009 | 11/20/09 | MOL | 12 years | 28.9 | ||||||||||||
MOL Empire |
5100 | 2010 | 1/8/10 | MOL | 12 years | 28.9 | ||||||||||||
MSC Veronique |
4800 | 1989 | 11/25/11 | MSC | 5 years | 14.5 | (7) | |||||||||||
MSC Manu |
4800 | 1988 | 11/15/11 | MSC | 5 years | 14.5 | (7) | |||||||||||
MSC Leanne |
4800 | 1989 | 10/19/11 | MSC | 5 years | 14.5 | (7) | |||||||||||
MSC Carole |
4800 | 1989 | 10/12/11 | MSC | 5 years | 14.5 | (7) | |||||||||||
MOL Excellence |
4600 | 2003 | 6/13/13 | MOL | 2 years + one 1-year option | Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
MOL Efficiency |
4600 | 2003 | 7/4/13 | MOL | 2 years + one 1-year option | Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
Brotonne Bridge |
4500 | 2010 | 10/25/10 | K-Line | 12 years + two 3-year options | 34.3 | (9) | |||||||||||
Brevik Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 1/25/11 | K-Line | 12 years + two 3-year options | 34.3 | (9) | |||||||||||
Bilbao Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 1/28/11 | K-Line | 12 years + two 3-year options | 34.3 | (9) | |||||||||||
Berlin Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 5/9/11 | K-Line | 12 years + two 3-year options | 34.3 | (9) | |||||||||||
Budapest Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 8/1/11 | K-Line | 12 years + two 3-year options | 34.3 | (9) | |||||||||||
Seaspan Hamburg |
4250 | 2001 | 11/3/13 | Hapag-Lloyd | Up to 30 months + one 8 to 12 month option |
Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
Seaspan Chiwan |
4250 | 2001 | 12/29/13 | Hapag-Lloyd | Up to 30 months + one 8 to 12 month option |
Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
Seaspan Ningbo |
4250 | 2002 | 9/7/13 | Hapag-Lloyd | Up to 30 months + one 8 to 12 month option |
Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
Seaspan Dalian |
4250 | 2002 | 7/17/13 | Hapag-Lloyd | Up to 30 months + one 6 to 12 month option |
Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
Seaspan Felixstowe |
4250 | 2002 | 7/24/13 | Hapag-Lloyd | Up to 30 months + one 6 to 12 month option |
Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
CSCL Vancouver |
4250 | 2005 | 2/16/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 17.0 | ||||||||||||
CSCL Sydney |
4250 | 2005 | 4/19/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 17.0 | ||||||||||||
CSCL New York |
4250 | 2005 | 5/26/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 17.0 | ||||||||||||
CSCL Melbourne |
4250 | 2005 | 8/17/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 17.0 | ||||||||||||
CSCL Brisbane |
4250 | 2005 | 9/15/05 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 17.0 | ||||||||||||
New Delhi Express |
4250 | 2005 | 10/19/05 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Dubai Express |
4250 | 2006 | 1/3/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Jakarta Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2/21/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Saigon Express |
4250 | 2006 | 4/6/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Lahore Express |
4250 | 2006 | 7/11/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Rio Grande Express |
4250 | 2006 | 10/20/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Santos Express |
4250 | 2006 | 11/13/06 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Rio de Janeiro Express |
4250 | 2007 | 3/28/07 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
Manila Express |
4250 | 2007 | 5/23/07 | HL USA | 3 years + seven 1-year extensions + two 1-year options(10) |
18.0 | (11) | |||||||||||
CSAV Loncomilla |
4250 | 2009 | 4/28/09 | Norasia(12) | 6 years(13) | 25.9 | ||||||||||||
CSAV Lumaco |
4250 | 2009 | 5/14/09 | Norasia(12) | 6 years(14) | 25.9 | ||||||||||||
CSAV Lingue |
4250 | 2010 | 5/17/10 | Norasia(12) | 6 years | 25.9 | ||||||||||||
CSAV Lebu |
4250 | 2010 | 6/7/10 | Norasia(12) | 6 years(15) | 25.9 | ||||||||||||
Madinah (1) |
4250 | 2009 | 11/20/14 | OOCL | Up to 12 months | Market rate | (8) | |||||||||||
COSCO Fuzhou |
3500 | 2007 | 3/27/07 | COSCON | 12 years | 19.0 | ||||||||||||
COSCO Yingkou |
3500 | 2007 | 7/5/07 | COSCON | 12 years | 19.0 | ||||||||||||
CSCL Panama |
2500 | 2008 | 5/14/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL São Paulo |
2500 | 2008 | 8/11/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) |
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Vessel Name |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Year Built |
Charter Start Date |
Charterer | Length of Charter |
Daily Charter Rate |
||||||||||||
(in thousands of USD) | ||||||||||||||||||
CSCL Montevideo |
2500 | 2008 | 9/6/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL Lima |
2500 | 2008 | 10/15/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL Santiago |
2500 | 2008 | 11/8/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL San Jose |
2500 | 2008 | 12/1/08 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.9 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL Callao |
2500 | 2009 | 4/10/09 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.8 | (16) | |||||||||||
CSCL Manzanillo |
2500 | 2009 | 9/21/09 | CSCL Asia | 12 years | 16.8 | (16) | |||||||||||
Guayaquil Bridge |
2500 | 2010 | 3/8/10 | K-Line | 10 years | 17.9 | ||||||||||||
Calicanto Bridge |
2500 | 2010 | 5/30/10 | K-Line | 10 years | 17.9 |
(1) | This vessel is leased pursuant to a lease agreement, which we used to finance the acquisition of the vessel. |
(2) | Hanjin has an initial charter of 10 years with a charter rate of $43,000 per day for the initial term and $44,500 per day during the two-year option. |
(3) | MOL has an initial charter of eight years with a charter rate of $37,500 per day for the initial term and $43,000 per day during the two-year option. |
(4) | CSCL Asia has a charter of 12 years with a charter rate of $34,000 per day for the first six years, increasing to $34,500 per day for the second six years. |
(5) | CSCL Asia has an initial charter of 12 years with a charter rate of $29,500 per day for the first six years, $29,800 per day for the second six years, and $30,000 per day during the three-year option. |
(6) | COSCON has an initial charter of 12 years with a charter rate of $42,900 per day for the initial term and $43,400 per day for the three one-year options. |
(7) | MSC has a bareboat charter of five years with a charter rate of $10,000 per day for the first two years, increasing to $14,500 per day after two years. MSC has agreed to purchase the vessels for $5.0 million each at the end of the five-year bareboat charter terms. In addition, we pay a 1.25% commission to a broker on all bareboat charter payments for these charters. |
(8) | Given that the term of the charter is less than three years (excluding any charterers option to extend the term), the vessel is being chartered at current market rates. |
(9) | K-Line has an initial charter of 12 years with a charter rate of $34,250 per day for the first six years, increasing to $34,500 per day for the second six years, $37,500 per day for the first three-year option period and $42,500 per day for the second three-year option period. |
(10) | For these charters, the initial term was three years, which automatically extends for up to an additional seven years in successive one-year extensions unless HL USA elects to terminate the charters with two years prior written notice. HL USA would have been required to pay a fee of approximately $8.0 million to terminate a charter at the end of the initial term. The termination fee declines by $1.0 million per year per vessel in years four through nine. The initial terms of the charters for these vessels have expired, and these charters have been automatically extended pursuant to their terms. |
(11) | HL USA had an initial charter of three years that automatically extends for up to an additional seven years in successive one-year extensions unless HL USA elects to terminate the charters with two years prior written notice, with a charter rate of $18,000 per day for the first one-year option remaining, increasing to $18,500 per day for the second one-year option remaining. |
(12) | Hapag-Lloyd entered into a business combination agreement with Compañia Sud Americana De Vapores S.A., or CSAV, in April 2014. In November 2014, the time charter agreements were transferred from CSAV to Norasia. |
(13) | On March 14, 2015, this vessel is expected to enter into a direct continuation of the time charter with Norasia at market rates for a term of up to five months. |
(14) | The term of this time charter has been extended to April 2016. |
(15) | This vessel is expected to be re-delivered to us on March 29, 2015 and on April 8, 2015, this vessel is expected to commence a time charter with Hapag-Lloyd at market rates for a term of up to 12 months. |
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(16) | CSCL Asia has a charter of 12 years with a charter rate of $16,750 per day for the first six years, increasing to $16,900 per day for the second six years. |
New Vessel Contracts
Our primary objective is to continue to grow our business through accretive vessel acquisitions as market conditions allow.
As of February 28, 2015, we have contracted to purchase 13 additional newbuilding containerships which have scheduled delivery dates through October 2016. These vessels consist of the following:
Vessel |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Length of Time Charter(1) | Charterer | Scheduled Delivery Date |
Shipbuilder | |||||||
Hull No. 2638 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 2640 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 2642 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 2643 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 2645 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 2647 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2015 | HHI | |||||||
Hull No. 1100 |
10000 | 8 years + one 2-year option |
MOL | 2015 | New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu | |||||||
Hull No. 1105 |
10000 | 5 years + two one-year options |
Maersk | 2015 | New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu | |||||||
Hull No. 1106 |
10000 | 8 years + one 2-year option |
MOL | 2016 | New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu | |||||||
Hull No. 1120(2) |
10000 | 5 years + two one-year options |
Maersk | 2016 | New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu | |||||||
Hull No. 1122 |
10000 | (3) | (3) | 2016 | New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu | |||||||
Hull No. 1037 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2016 | CSBC | |||||||
Hull No. 1039 |
14000 | 10 years + one 2-year option |
Yang Ming Marine | 2016 | CSBC |
(1) | Each charter is scheduled to begin upon delivery of the vessel to the charterer. |
(2) | On September 29, 2014, we agreed to reallocate four 10000 TEU vessels with GCI under the terms of the right of first refusal agreement between us, GCI and Blue Water by exchanging two vessels that we were scheduled to receive with two vessels that GCI was scheduled to receive. We acquired the MOL Breeze, Hull No. 1010, on November 12, 2014 and expect to acquire Hull No. 1120 in 2016. |
(3) | We expect to enter into a long-term charter for this vessel in the near future. |
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The following table indicates the estimated number of owned, leased and managed vessels in our fleet based on scheduled delivery dates as of February 28, 2015:
Scheduled for the Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Owned and leased vessels, beginning of year |
77 | 85 | 90 | |||||||||
Deliveries |
8 | 5 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total, end of year |
85 | 90 | 90 | |||||||||
Managed vessels, beginning of year |
5 | 15 | 20 | |||||||||
Deliveries |
10 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total, end of year |
15 | 20 | 21 | |||||||||
Total Fleet |
100 | 110 | 111 | |||||||||
Total Capacity (TEU) |
733,500 | 853,500 | 863,500 |
Our Charters
We charter our vessels primarily under long-term, fixed-rate time charters. We charter four of our vessels under bareboat charters. The following table presents the number of vessels chartered by each of our customers as of February 28, 2015.
Charterer |
Number of Vessels in Our Current Operating Fleet |
Number of Vessels Scheduled to be Delivered |
Total Vessels Upon All Deliveries |
|||||||||
COSCON |
18 | | 18 | |||||||||
CSCL Asia |
17 | | 17 | |||||||||
MOL |
9 | 2 | 11 | |||||||||
HL USA |
9 | | 9 | |||||||||
K-Line |
7 | | 7 | |||||||||
Hapag Lloyd |
5 | | 5 | |||||||||
Norasia |
4 | | 4 | |||||||||
Hanjin |
3 | | 3 | |||||||||
OOCL |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Maersk |
| 2 | 2 | |||||||||
Yang Ming Marine |
| 8 | 8 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total time charters |
73 | 12 | 85 | |||||||||
MSC (bareboat charters) |
4 | | 4 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
No charter |
| 1 | 1 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total fleet |
77 | 13 | 90 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time Charters and Bareboat Charters
A time charter is a contract for the use of a vessel for a fixed period of time at a specified daily rate. Under a time charter, the vessel owner provides crewing and other services related to the vessels operation, the cost of which is included in the daily rate; the charterer is responsible for substantially all of the vessel voyage expenses, such as fuel (bunkers) cost, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues, extra war risk insurance and commissions.
Our four 4800 TEU vessels are chartered by MSC under bareboat charters. A bareboat charter is a contract for the use of a vessel for a fixed period of time at a specified amount. Under a bareboat charter, the charterer is responsible for providing crewing and other services related to the vessels operation, as well as vessel voyage expenses.
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The initial term for a time or bareboat charter commences on the vessels delivery to the charterer. Under all of our time charters, the charterer may also extend the term for periods in which the vessel is off-hire. The current charter periods and any applicable extension options are included above under Our Fleet. Under our bareboat charters with MSC, MSC has agreed to purchase each vessel for $5.0 million at the end of the five-year bareboat charter terms.
With respect to the vessels on charter to HL USA, CP Ships Limited has provided a guarantee of the obligations and liabilities of HL USA under each time charter and Hapag-Lloyd has provided a guarantee of the obligations and liabilities of CP Ships Limited under the original guarantee. Hapag-Lloyd has also guaranteed the obligations and liabilities of Norasia under each of the time charters to which Norasia is a party with us. For the vessels on charter to CSCL Asia, CSCL Hong Kong and CSCL have each provided a guarantee of the obligations and liabilities of CSCL Asia under each time charter.
Hire Rate
Hire rate refers to the basic payment from the charterer for the use of the vessel. Under all of our time charters, hire rate is payable, in advance, in U.S. dollars, as specified in the charter. The hire rate is a fixed daily amount that may increase, or decrease, in some cases, at varying intervals during the term of the charter and any extension to the term. Payments generally are made in advance on a monthly or semi-monthly basis. The charter hire rate may be reduced in certain instances as a result of added cost to the charterer due to vessel performance deficiencies in speed or fuel consumption. We have had no instances of such hire rate reductions.
Operations and Expenses
Our Manager operates our vessels and is responsible for vessel operating expenses, which include technical management, crewing, repairs and maintenance, insurance, stores, lube oils, communication expenses and capital expenses, including normally scheduled dry-docking of the vessels. The charterer generally pays the voyage expenses, which include all expenses relating to particular voyages, such as fuel (bunkers) cost, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues, extra war risk insurance and commissions.
Off-hire
When a vessel is off-hire, or not available for service, the charterer generally is not required to pay the hire rate, and we are responsible for all costs, including the cost of fuel bunkers, unless the charterer is responsible for the circumstances giving rise to the vessels lack of availability. A vessel generally will be deemed to be off-hire when there is an event preventing the full working of the vessel due to, among other things:
| operational deficiencies not due to actions of the charterers or their agents; |
| dry-docking for repairs, maintenance or inspection; |
| equipment or machinery breakdowns, abnormal speed and construction conditions; |
| delays due to accidents for which the vessel owner, operator or manager is responsible, and related repairs; |
| crewing strikes, labor boycotts caused by the vessel owner, operator or manager, certain vessel detentions or similar problems; or |
| a failure to maintain the vessel in compliance with its specifications and contractual standards or to provide the required crew. |
Under most of our time charters, if a vessel is off-hire for a specified number of consecutive days or for a specified aggregate number of days during a 12-month period, the charterer has the right to cancel the time charter with respect to that vessel. Under some charters, if a vessel is off-hire for specified reasons for a
33
prolonged period, we are obligated to charter a substitute vessel and to pay any difference in hire cost of the charter for the duration of the substitution. The periods of off-hire that trigger such termination rights exclude, in addition to any other specific exclusions in the charter, off-hire for routine dry-dockings or non-compliance with regulatory obligations. Our charter contracts generally provide for hire adjustments for vessel performance deficiencies such as those in speed or fuel consumption, with prolonged performance deficiencies giving the charterer a termination right under some charters.
Ship Management and Maintenance
Under each of our time charters, we are responsible for the operation and management of each vessel, including maintaining the vessel, periodic dry-docking, cleaning and painting and performing work required by regulations. We also provide limited ship management services to Dennis R. Washingtons personal vessel owning companies and ship management and construction supervision services to GCI.
We focus on risk reduction, operational reliability and safety. We believe we achieve high standards of technical ship management by, among other methods:
| developing a minimum competency standard for seagoing staff; |
| standardizing equipment used throughout the fleet, thus promoting efficiency and economies of scale; |
| implementing a voluntary vessel condition and maintenance monitoring program (our Manager was the first in the world to achieve accreditation by vessel classification society Det Norske Veritas on its hull planned maintenance system); |
| recruiting officers and ratings through an affiliate based in India that has a record of employee loyalty and high retention rates among its employees; |
| implementing an incentive system to reward staff for the safe operation of vessels; and |
| initiating and developing a cadet training program. |
Our staff has skills in all aspects of ship management and experience in overseeing new vessel construction, vessel conversions and general marine engineering, and previously worked in various companies in the international ship management industry, including China Merchants Group, Neptune Orient Lines, Teekay Corporation, Safmarine Container Lines and Columbia Ship Management. A number of senior officers also have sea-going experience, having served aboard vessels at a senior rank. In all training programs, we place an emphasis on safety and regularly train our crew members and other employees to meet our high standards. Shore-based personnel and crew members are trained to be prepared to respond to emergencies related to life, property or the environment.
Termination or Change of Control
We are generally entitled to withdraw a vessel from service to a charterer if the charterer defaults in its payment obligations, without prejudice to other claims for hire against the charterers. Some of our charterers also have the right to terminate the time charters in circumstances other than extended periods of off-hire as noted above. Under some of our time charters, the customer has the right to prior notice of or consent to any material change in our ownership or voting control.
Sale and Purchase of Vessels
Under some of our time charters, the customer has the right to prior notice of or consent to any proposed sale of the applicable vessel, which consent cannot be unreasonably withheld. A limited number of charters provide the charterer with a right of first refusal for the proposed vessel sale, which would require us to offer the vessel to the charterer prior to selling it to another entity. Sub-charters do not affect our ability to sell our time chartered vessels.
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Hull and Machinery, Loss of Hire and War Risks Insurance
We maintain marine hull and machinery and war risks insurance, which covers the risk of actual or constructive total loss and partial loss, for all of our vessels. Each of our vessels is covered up to at least fair market value with certain deductibles per vessel per claim. We achieve this overall loss coverage by maintaining nominal increased value coverage for each of our vessels, under which coverage in the event of total loss of a vessel, we will be entitled to recover amounts not recoverable under the hull and machinery policy due to under-insurance. We have not obtained, and do not intend to obtain, loss-of-hire insurance covering the loss of revenue during extended off-hire periods. We believe that this type of coverage is not economical and is of limited value to us. However, we evaluate the need for such coverage on an ongoing basis, taking into account insurance market conditions and the employment of our vessels. The charterer generally pays extra war risk insurance and commissions when the vessel is ordered by the charterer to enter a notified war exclusion trading area.
Protection and Indemnity Insurance
Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I associations, which insure our third-party and crew liabilities in connection with our shipping activities. Coverage includes third-party liability, crew liability and other related expenses resulting from the abandonment, injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by P&I associations. Subject to the limit for pollution discussed below, our coverage is nearly unlimited, but subject to the rules of the particular protection and indemnity insurer.
Our protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is up to $1.0 billion per vessel per incident. The 13 P&I associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the worlds commercial blue-water tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each associations liabilities. As a member of a mutual P&I association, which is a member or affiliate of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations based on the International Groups claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations.
Competition
We operate in markets that are highly competitive and based primarily on supply and demand. We compete for charters based upon price, customer relationships, operating and technical expertise, professional reputation and size, age and condition of the vessel.
Competition for providing new containerships for chartering purposes comes from a number of experienced shipping companies, including direct competition from other independent charter owners and indirect competition from state-sponsored and other major entities with their own fleets. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources than we do and can operate larger fleets and may be able to offer better charter rates. An increasing number of marine transportation companies have entered the containership sector, including many with strong reputations and extensive resources and experience. This increased competition may cause greater price competition for time charters.
Seasonality
Our vessels primarily operate under long-term charters and are generally not subject to the effect of seasonal variations in demand, except where such charters have expired and we are seeking to re-charter a vessel on a short-term basis at then current market rates.
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Inspection by Classification Societies
Every seagoing vessel must be classed by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is in class, signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessels country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake the surveys on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.
Each vessel is inspected by a surveyor of the classification society in three surveys of varying frequency and thoroughness: every year for annual surveys, every two to three years for intermediate surveys, and every five years for special surveys. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a condition of class or a requirement for appropriate repairs that have to be made by the shipowner within the time limit prescribed. Vessels may be required, as part of the annual and intermediate survey process, to be dry-docked for inspection of the underwater portions of the vessel and for necessary repair stemming from the inspection. Special surveys always require dry-docking. The classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and inspections that are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case or to the regulations of the country concerned.
Environmental and Other Regulations
Government regulation significantly affects our business and the operation of our vessels. We are subject to international conventions and codes, and national, state, provincial and local laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate or are registered, including, among others, those governing the generation, management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, the cleanup of oil spills and other contamination, air emissions and water discharges.
A variety of government, quasi-government and private entities require us to obtain permits, licenses or certificates for the operation of our vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of our vessels in one or more ports.
Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to the strictest environmental standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States, Canadian and international regulations and with flag state administrations.
The following is an overview of certain material governmental regulations that affect our business and the operation of our vessels. It is not a comprehensive summary of all government regulations to which we are subject.
International Maritime Organization (or IMO)
The IMO is the United Nations agency for maritime safety. The IMO has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for pollution in international waters and a signatorys territorial waters. For example, the IMOs International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, or MARPOL, imposes environmental standards on the shipping industry relating to, among other things, pollution prevention and procedures, technical standards, oil spills management, transportation of marine pollutants and air emissions. Annex VI of MARPOL, which regulates air pollution from vessels, sets limits on sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions from vessel exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. We believe all of our vessels currently are Annex VI compliant. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil with a lower cap on the sulfur content applicable inside Emission Control Areas, or ECAs. Already established ECAs include the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, including the English Channel, the North American area and the U.S. Caribbean Sea area. Additional geographical areas may be designated as ECAs in the future.
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Annex VI calls for incremental reductions in sulfur in fuel between 2012 and 2020 (or 2015 in the case of ECAs), and the use of advanced technology engines designed to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide, with a Tier II emission limit applicable to engines installed on or after January 1, 2011 and a more stringent Tier III emission limit applicable to engines installed on or after 2016 operating in the North American and U.S. Caribbean Sea nitrogen oxide ECAs. For future nitrogen oxide ECA designations, Tier III standards will apply to engines installed on ships constructed on or after the date of ECA designation, or a later date as determined by the country applying for the ECA designation. These amendments or other changes could require modifications to our vessels to achieve compliance, and the cost of compliance may be significant to our operations. With regard to greenhouse gas emissions, there have been discussions in the IMO for the adoption of a market-based mechanism for the reduction of carbon emissions from vessels, such as an emissions trading system or an international greenhouse gas contribution fund, with contributions being based on bunker fuel purchases. The IMO adopted technical and operational measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that became effective on January 1, 2013. These include the Energy Efficiency Design Index, which is mandatory for newbuilding vessels, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan, which is mandatory for all vessels.
The IMOs International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, or the Bunker Convention, imposes, subject to limited exceptions, strict liability on vessel owners for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states, which does not include the United States, caused by discharges of bunker oil. The Bunker Convention also requires owners of registered vessels over a certain size to maintain insurance for pollution damage in an amount generally equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime. We believe our vessels comply with the Bunker Convention.
The IMOs International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention, would require the installation of ballast water treatment systems on certain newbuilding vessels for which the keel is or was laid after January 1, 2012 and for existing vessels prior to their first renewal survey after January 1, 2014 or January 1, 2016 (depending on their year of build and their ballast water capacity). The BWM Convention will become effective, on a retroactive basis, 12 months after it has been adopted by a specified threshold of member states representing at least 35% of the worlds shipping tonnage. As of January 2015, 42 states representing 32.5% of the worlds shipping tonnage had adopted the BWM Convention. When the BWM Convention is adopted, we may be required to incur significant costs to install these ballast water treatment plants on all our vessels before the applicable due dates.
The IMO also regulates vessel safety. The International Safety Management Code, or the ISM Code, requires vessel owners and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive Safety Management System that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. A Safety Management Certificate is issued under the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS, to each vessel with a Safety Management System verified to be in compliance with the ISM Code. The failure of a vessel owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. All of the vessels in our fleet are ISM Code-certified.
Increasingly, various regions are adopting additional, unilateral requirements on the operation of vessels in their territorial waters. These regulations, such as those described below, apply to our vessels when they operate in the relevant regions waters and can add to operational and maintenance costs, as well as increase the potential liability that applies to violations of the applicable requirements.
United States
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and CERCLA
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, establishes an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, governs spills or releases of hazardous substances other
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than petroleum or petroleum products. Under OPA and CERCLA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are jointly and, subject to limited exceptions, strictly liable for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil or hazardous substances, as applicable, from their vessels. OPA and CERCLA define these damages broadly to include certain direct and indirect damages and losses, including but not limited to assessment of damages, remediation, damages to natural resources such as fish and wildlife habitat, and agency oversight costs.
Under OPA and CERCLA, the liability of responsible parties is limited to a specified amount, which is periodically updated. Under both OPA and CERCLA, liability is unlimited if the incident is caused by gross negligence, willful misconduct or a violation of certain regulations.
We maintain pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1 billion per incident for each of our vessels. If the damages from a catastrophic spill were to exceed our insurance coverage it could harm our business, financial condition and results of operation. Vessel owners and operators must establish and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet their potential aggregate liabilities under OPA and CERCLA. Evidence of financial responsibility may be demonstrated by showing proof of insurance, surety bonds, self-insurance or guarantees. We have obtained the necessary U.S. Coast Guard regulation and financial assurance certificates for each of our vessels currently in service and trading to the United States. Owners or operators of certain vessels operating in U.S. waters also must prepare and submit to the U.S. Coast Guard a response plan for each vessel, which plan, among other things, must address a worst case scenario environmental discharge and describe crew training and drills to address any discharge. Each of our vessels has the necessary response plans in place.
OPA and CERCLA do not prohibit individual states from imposing their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution or hazardous substance incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for spills. In some cases, states that have enacted such legislation have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessel owners responsibilities under these laws. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call.
Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act, or CWA, establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters. Under the CWA, it is unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters without a permit. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, requires certain vessels to comply with a Vessel General Permit, or VGP, before the vessel can legally operate and discharge wastewaters, including ballast water, in U.S. waters. We have submitted appropriate filings to obtain coverage under the VGP.
The current 2013 VGP became effective on December 19, 2013 and expires on December 19, 2018. In addition to the ballast water best management practices required under the prior VGP, the 2013 VGP contains numerical technology-based ballast water effluent limitations that will apply to certain commercial vessels with ballast water tanks. For certain existing vessels, EPA has adopted a staggered implementation schedule to require vessels to meet the ballast water effluent limitations by the first dry-docking after January 1, 2014 or January 1, 2016, depending on the vessel size. Vessels that are constructed after December 1, 2013 are subject to the 2013 VGP ballast water numerical effluent limitations. The CWA authorizes civil and criminal penalties for discharging pollutants without a permit, failure to meet any requirement of a permit, and also allows for citizen suits against violators. The CWA does not prohibit individual states from imposing more stringent conditions, which many states have done. We comply with the 2013 VGP, and we do not currently believe that the costs associated with complying with its obligations have had or will have a material impact on our operations or financial results.
In addition, the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships, or APPS, implements various provisions of MARPOL and applies to larger foreign-flag ships when operating in U.S. waters. The regulatory mechanisms established in
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APPS to implement MARPOL are separate and distinct from the CWA and other federal environmental laws. Civil and criminal penalties may be assessed under APPS for non-compliance.
Additional Ballast Water Regulations
The United States National Invasive Species Act, or NISA, and the U.S. Coast Guards regulations enacted under NISA, impose mandatory ballast water management practices for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks entering U.S. waters, including a limit on the concentration of living organisms in ballast water discharged in such waters. Newbuilding vessels constructed after December 1, 2013 are required to have a ballast water treatment system installed, and existing vessels are required to have a ballast water treatment system installed on the first scheduled dry-dock after January 1, 2016. Individual vessel implementation schedules have been extended in cases where vessel owners have demonstrated that compliance is not technologically feasible. The U.S. Coast Guard regulations also require vessels to maintain a ballast water management plan that is specific for that vessel and assigns responsibility to the master or appropriate official to understand and execute the ballast water management strategy for that vessel. Individual U.S. states have also enacted laws to address invasive species through ballast water and hull cleaning management and permitting requirements. For the vessels that will be subject to the requirements, under CWA or otherwise, the estimated cost to fit a ballast water treatment system ranges from approximately $0.5 million to $0.7 million for a Panamax size vessel and below, and from approximately $0.7 million and $0.9 million for a post-Panamax size.
Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act, or the CAA, and its implementing regulations subjects our vessels to vapor control and recovery requirements when cleaning fuel tanks and conducting other operations in regulated port areas and to air emissions standards for our engines while operating in U.S. waters. The EPA has adopted standards that apply to certain engines installed on U.S. vessels and to marine diesel fuels produced and distributed in the United States. These standards, which are being implemented in two stages (effective in 2011 and 2016, respectively) are consistent with Annex VI of MARPOL and establish significant reductions for vessel emissions of particulate matter, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
The CAA also requires states to draft State Implementation Plans, or SIPs, designed to attain national health-based air quality standards in primarily major metropolitan and industrial areas. Several SIPs regulate emissions from degassing operations by requiring the installation of vapor control equipment on vessels. California has enacted regulations which apply to ocean-going vessels engines when operating within 24 miles of the California coast and require operators to use low sulfur fuels. California also approved regulations to reduce emissions from diesel auxiliary engines on certain ocean-going vessels while in California ports, including container ship fleets that make 25 or more annual visits to California ports. These federal and state requirements may increase our capital expenditures and operating costs while in applicable ports. As with other U.S. environmental laws, failure to comply with the Clean Air Act may subject us to enforcement action, including payment of civil or criminal penalties and citizen suits.
Canada
Canada has established a complex regulatory enforcement system under the jurisdiction of various ministries and departments for preventing and responding to a marine pollution incident. The principal statutes of this system prescribe measures to prevent pollution, mandate remediation of marine pollution, and create civil, administrative and quasi-criminal liabilities for those responsible for a marine pollution incident.
Canada Shipping Act, 2001
The Canada Shipping Act, 2001, or CSA 2001, is Canadas primary legislation governing marine transport, pollution and safety. CSA 2001 applies to all vessels operating in Canadian waters and in the Exclusive
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Economic Zone of Canada. CSA 2001 requires shipowners to have in place an arrangement with an approved pollution response organization. Vessels must carry a declaration, which identifies the vessels insurer and confirms that an arrangement with a response organization is in place. CSA 2001 also makes it a strict liability offense to discharge from a vessel a pollutant, including, among other things, oil. Vessels must have a shipboard oil pollution plan and implement the same in respect of an oil pollution incident. CSA 2001 provides the authorities with broad discretionary powers to enforce its requirements, and violations of CSA 2001 requirements can result in significant administrative and quasi-criminal penalties. CSA 2001 authorizes the detention of a vessel where there are reasonable grounds for believing that the vessel caused marine pollution or that an offense has been committed. Canadas Department of Transport has also enacted regulations on ballast water management under CSA 2001. These regulations require the use of management practices, including mid-ocean ballast water exchange. Each of our vessels is currently CSA 2001 compliant.
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, or CEPA, regulates water pollution, including disposal at sea and the management of hazardous waste. CEPA prohibits the disposal or incineration of substances at sea except with a permit issued under CEPA, the importation or exportation of a substance for disposal at sea without a permit, and the loading on a ship of a substance for disposal at sea without a permit. Contravention of CEPA can result in administrative and quasi-criminal penalties, which may be increased if damage to the environment results and the person acted intentionally or recklessly. A vessel also may be seized or detained for contravention of CEPAs prohibitions. Costs and expenses of measures taken to remedy a condition or mitigate damage resulting from an offense are also recoverable. CEPA establishes liability to the Canadian government authorities that incur costs related to restoration of the environment, or to the prevention or remedying of environmental damage, or an environmental emergency. Limited defenses are provided but generally do not cover violations arising from ordinary vessel operations.
Marine Liability Act
The Marine Liability Act, or MLA, is the principal legislation dealing with liability of shipowners and operators in relation to passengers, cargo, pollution and property damage. The MLA implements various international maritime conventions and creates strict liability for a vessel owner for damages from oil pollution from a ship, as well as for the costs and expenses incurred for clean-up and preventive measures. Both governments and private parties can pursue vessel owners for damages sustained or incurred as a result of such an incident. Although the act does provide some limited defenses, they are generally not available for spills or pollution incidents arising out of the routine operation of a vessel. The act limits the overall liability of a vessel owner to amounts that are determined by the tonnage of the containership. The MLA also provides for the creation of a maritime lien over foreign vessels for unpaid invoices to ship suppliers operating in Canada.
Wildlife Protection
The Migratory Birds Convention Act, or MBCA, implements Canadas obligations under a bilateral treaty between the United States and Great Britain (on behalf of Canada) designed to protect migrating birds that cross North American land and water areas. The MBCA prohibits the deposit of any substance that is harmful to migratory birds in any waters or area frequented by migratory birds. A foreign vessel involved in a violation may be detained within Canadas Exclusive Economic Zone with the consent of the attorney general. The Fisheries Act prohibits serious harm to fish (which means causing the death of fish or the permanent alteration or destruction of fish habitat or the deposit of a deleterious substance in waters frequented by fish. The owner of a deleterious substance, the person having control of the substance and the person causing the spill must report the spill and must take all reasonable measures to prevent or remedy adverse effects resulting from a spill. The Species at Risk Act protects endangered aquatic species and migratory birds and their designated critical habitat. Violations of these Acts can be committed by a person or a vessel and may result in significant administrative and quasi-criminal penalties.
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British Columbias Environmental Management Act
British Columbias Environmental Management Act, or EMA, governs spills or releases of waste into the environment within the province in a manner or quantity that causes pollution. EMA imposes absolute, retroactive, joint and separate liability for remediation of a contaminated site. Provincial government authorities have powers to order remediation of contamination and any person, including, among others, the government, who incurs costs remediating contamination caused by others has a civil cause of action for cost recovery against the polluters. Significant administrative and quasi-criminal penalties can also be imposed under EMA if a person causes damage to the aquatic, ambient or terrestrial environment.
China
Pursuant to new regulations that became effective January 1, 2012, prior to our vessels entering any ports in the Peoples Republic of China, or the PRC, we are required to enter into pollution clean-up agreements with pollution response companies approved by the PRC. Through a local agency arrangement, we have contracted with approved companies. These pollution clean-up agreements are not required if the vessel is only passing through PRC waters.
European Union Requirements
In waters of the EU, our vessels are subject to regulation by EU-level directives implemented by the various nations through laws and regulations of these requirements. These laws and regulations prescribe measures, among others, to prevent pollution, protect the environment and support maritime safety. For instance, the EU has adopted directives that require member states to refuse access to their ports to certain sub-standard vessels, according to various factors, such as the vessels condition, flag, and number of previous detentions. Member states must, among other things, inspect minimum percentages of vessels using their ports annually (based on an inspection share of the relevant member state of the total number of inspections to be carried out within the EU and the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control region), inspect all vessels which are due for a mandatory inspection (based, among other things, on their type, age, risk profile and the time of their last inspection) and carry out more frequent inspections of vessels with a high risk profile. If deficiencies are found that are clearly hazardous to safety, health or the environment, the state is required to detain the vessel or stop loading or unloading until the deficiencies are addressed. Member states are also required to implement their own separate systems of proportionate penalties for breaches of these standards.
Our vessels are also subject to inspection by appropriate classification societies. Classification societies typically establish and maintain standards for the construction and classification of vessels, supervise that construction is according to these standards, and carry out regular surveys of ships in service to ensure compliance with the standards. The EU has adopted directives that provide member states with greater authority and control over classification societies, including the ability to seek to suspend or revoke the authority of classification societies that are negligent in their duties. The EU requires member states to monitor these organizations compliance with EU inspection requirements and to suspend any organization whose safety and pollution prevention performance becomes unsatisfactory.
The EUs directive on the sulfur content of fuels restricts the maximum sulfur content of marine fuels used in vessels operating in EU member states territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and pollution control zones. The directive provides for more stringent rules on maximum sulfur content of marine fuels applicable in specific Sulfur Emission Control Areas, or SECAs, such as the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, including the English Channel. Further sea areas may be designated as SECAs in the future by the IMO in accordance with Annex VI of MARPOL. Under this directive, we may be required to make expenditures to comply with the sulfur fuel content limits in the marine fuel our vessels use in order to avoid delays or other obstructions to their operations, as well as any enforcement measures which may be imposed by the relevant member states for non-compliance with the provisions of the directive. We also may need to make other expenditures (such as expenditures related to washing or filtering exhaust gases) to comply with relevant sulfur oxide emissions levels. Recently, a new
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directive of the European Parliament and the European Council entered into force, which amends the existing one to bring the above requirements in line with Annex VI of MARPOL. It also makes certain of these requirements more stringent. These and other related requirements may require additional capital expenditures and increase our operating costs.
Another EU directive requires member states to cooperate to detect pollution discharges and impose criminal sanctions for certain pollution discharges committed intentionally, recklessly or by serious negligence and to initiate proceedings against ships at their next port of call following the discharge. Penalties may include fines and civil and criminal penalties.
The EU also authorizes member states to adopt the IMOs Bunker Convention, discussed above, that imposes strict liability on shipowners for pollution damage caused by spills of oil carried as fuel in vessels bunkers and requires vessels of a certain size to maintain financial security to cover any liability for such damage. Most EU member states have ratified the Bunker Convention.
The EU has recently adopted a regulation which sets forth rules relating to vessel recycling and management of hazardous materials on vessels. The new regulation contains requirements for the recycling of vessels at approved recycling facilities that must meet certain requirements, so as to minimize the adverse effects of recycling on human health and the environment. The new regulation also contains rules for the control and proper management of hazardous materials on vessels and prohibits or restricts the installation or use of certain hazardous materials on vessels. The new regulation seeks to facilitate the ratification of the IMO Recycling Convention. The new regulation applies to vessels flying the flag of a member state and certain of its provisions apply to vessels flying the flag of a third country calling at a port or anchorage of a member state. For example, when calling at a port or anchorage of a member state, the vessels flying the flag of a third country will be required, among other things, to have on board an inventory of hazardous materials which complies with the requirements of the new regulation and the vessels must be able to submit to the relevant authorities of that member state a copy of a statement of compliance issued by the relevant authorities of the country of the vessels flag verifying the inventory. The new regulation is to apply not earlier than December 31, 2015 and not later than December 31, 2018, although certain of its provisions will begin to apply from December 31, 2014 and certain others from December 31, 2020.
The EU is currently considering other proposals to further regulate vessel operations. The EU has adopted an Integrated Maritime Policy for the purposes of achieving a more coherent approach to maritime issues. The EU Commissions proposals included, in part, the development of environmentally sound end-of-life ship dismantling requirements, promotion of the use of shore-side electricity by ships at berth in EU ports to reduce air emissions, and consideration of options for EU legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport. The EU, any individual country or other authority may adopt additional legislation or regulations applicable to us and our operations.
Other Greenhouse Gas Legislation
In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or the Kyoto Protocol, became effective. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol, adopting countries are required to implement national programs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. More than 27 nations, including the United States, have entered into the Copenhagen Accord, which is non-binding but is intended to pave the way for a comprehensive, international treaty on climate change. The IMO, EU, Canada, the United States and other individual countries, states and provinces are evaluating various measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, which may include some combination of market-based instruments, a carbon tax or other mandatory reduction measures. A proposal for a regulation establishing a system of monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas shipping emissions, or MRV System, has been published and is being considered by the EU. The proposed MRV System may be the precursor to a market-based mechanism to be
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adopted in the future. Any passage of climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, EU, Canada, the United States or other individual jurisdictions where we operate, that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases from vessels, could require us to make significant capital expenditures and may materially increase our operating costs.
Other Regions
We may be subject to environmental and other regulations that have been or may become adopted in other regions of the world that may impose obligations on our vessels and may increase our costs to own and operate them. Compliance with these requirements may require significant expenditures on our part and may materially increase our operating costs.
Vessel Security Regulations
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. In November 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, the United States Coast Guard has issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in U.S. waters. Similarly, amendments to SOLAS created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security, which came into effect in July 2004. The new chapter imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities, most of which are contained in the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code, or ISPS Code. Among the various requirements are:
| on-board installation of automatic information systems, or AIS, to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications; |
| on-board installation of ship security alert systems; |
| the development of vessel security plans; and |
| compliance with flag state security certification requirements. |
The United States Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA vessel security measures if such vessels have on board a valid International Ship Security Certificate, or ISSC, that attests to the vessels compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. Our existing vessels have implemented the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code.
Taxation of the Company
United States Taxation
The following is a discussion of the expected material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us. This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, legislative history, judicial authority and administrative interpretations, as of the date of this Annual Report, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect or are subject to different interpretations. Changes in these authorities may cause the U.S. federal income tax considerations to vary substantially from those described below.
The following discussion is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us. No ruling has been requested from the IRS regarding any matter affecting us. The statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS.
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Taxation of Operating Income
We expect that substantially all of our gross income will be attributable to the transportation of cargo. For this purpose, gross income attributable to transportation, or Transportation Income, includes income from the use (or hiring or leasing for use) of a vessel to transport cargo and the performance of services directly related to the use of any vessel to transport cargo and, thus, includes time charter and bareboat charter income.
Fifty percent (50%) of Transportation Income attributable to transportation that either begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States, or U.S. Source International Transportation Income, is considered to be derived from sources within the United States. Transportation Income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States, or U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income, is considered to be 100% derived from sources within the United States. Transportation Income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. destinations is considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States. Transportation Income derived from sources outside the United States generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax.
We believe that we have not earned any U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income, and we expect that we will not earn any such income in future years. However, certain of our activities give rise to U.S. Source International Transportation Income, and future expansion of our operations could result in an increase in the amount of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income. Unless the exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code, or the Section 883 Exemption, applies, our U.S. Source International Transportation Income generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation under either the net basis and branch profits tax or the 4% gross basis tax, each of which is discussed below.
The Section 883 Exemption
In general, the Section 883 Exemption provides that if a non-U.S. corporation satisfies the requirements of Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, or the Section 883 Regulations, it will not be subject to the net basis and branch profits taxes or the 4% gross basis tax described below on its U.S. Source International Transportation Income. The Section 883 Exemption does not apply to U.S. Source Domestic Transportation Income.
A non-U.S. corporation will qualify for the Section 883 Exemption if, among other things, it (a) is organized in a jurisdiction outside the United States that grants an exemption from tax to U.S. corporations on international Transportation Income, or an Equivalent Exemption, (b) satisfies one of three ownership tests, or Ownership Tests, described in the Section 883 Regulations and (c) meets certain substantiation, reporting and other requirements.
We are organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The U.S. Treasury Department has recognized the Republic of the Marshall Islands as a jurisdiction that grants an Equivalent Exemption. We also believe that we will be able to satisfy all substantiation, reporting and other requirements necessary to qualify for the Section 883 Exemption. Consequently, our U.S. Source International Transportation Income will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation provided we satisfy the Ownership Tests and provided we file a U.S. federal income tax return to claim the Section 883 Exemption. We believe that we currently should satisfy the Ownership Tests because our Class A common shares, our Series C preferred shares, our Series D preferred shares, and our Series E preferred shares are primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States (and are not treated as closely held) within the meaning of the Section 883 Regulations. We can give no assurance, however, that changes in the trading, ownership or value of our Class A common shares, our Series C preferred shares, our Series D preferred shares or our Series E preferred shares will permit us to continue to qualify for the Section 883 Exemption.
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The Net Basis and Branch Profits Tax
If the Section 883 Exemption does not apply, our U.S. Source International Transportation Income may be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, or Effectively Connected Income, if we have a fixed place of business in the United States and substantially all of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation or, in the case of bareboat charter income, is attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States.
We believe that we do not have a fixed place of business in the United States. As a result, we believe that none of our U.S. Source International Transportation Income would be treated as Effectively Connected Income. While we do not expect to acquire a fixed place of business in the United States, there is no assurance that we will not have, or will not be treated as having, a fixed place of business in the United States in the future, which may, depending on the nature of our future operations, result in our U.S. Source International Transportation Income being treated as Effectively Connected Income.
Any income we earn that is treated as Effectively Connected Income would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax (the highest statutory rate currently is 35%) and a 30% branch profits tax imposed under Section 884 of the Code. In addition, a 30% branch interest tax could be imposed on certain interest paid, or deemed paid, by us.
If we were to sell a vessel that has produced Effectively Connected Income, we generally would be subject to the net basis and branch profits taxes with respect to the gain recognized up to the amount of certain prior deductions for depreciation that reduced Effectively Connected Income. Otherwise, we would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to gain realized on the sale of a vessel, provided the sale is not considered to occur in the United States under U.S. federal income tax principles.
The 4% Gross Basis Tax
If the Section 883 Exemption does not apply and we are not subject to the net basis and branch profits taxes described above, we generally will be subject to a 4% U.S. federal income tax on our U.S. Source International Transportation Income without the benefit of deductions. We estimate that the U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Source International Transportation Income would be approximately $3 million if the Section 883 Exemption and the net basis and branch profits taxes do not apply, based on the amount of U.S. Source International Transportation Income we have earned in prior years. However, many of our time charter contracts contain provisions in which the charterers would be obligated to bear this cost. The amount of such tax for which we would be liable for in any year will depend upon the amount of income we earn from voyages into or out of the United States in such year, however, which is not within our complete control.
Canadian Taxation
Under the Income Tax Act (Canada), or the Canada Tax Act, a corporation that is resident in Canada is subject to tax in Canada on its worldwide income.
Our place of residence, under Canadian law, would generally be determined on the basis of where our central management and control are, in fact, exercised. It is not our current intention that our central management and control be exercised in Canada but, even if it were, there is a specific statutory exemption under the Canada Tax Act that provides that a corporation incorporated, or otherwise formed, under the laws of a country other than Canada will not be resident in Canada in a taxation year if its principal business in that year is international shipping (as defined below), all or substantially all of its gross revenue for that year consists of gross revenue from international shipping, and it was not granted articles of continuance in Canada before the end of that year. International shipping is defined as the operation of ships that are owned or leased by an operator and that are used primarily in transporting passengers or goods in international traffic, including the chartering of ships, provided that, one or more persons related to the operator (if the operator and each such person is a corporation),
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or persons or partnerships affiliated with the operator (in any other case), has complete possession, control and command of the ship. The leasing of a ship by a lessor to a lessee that has complete possession, control and command of the ship is excluded from the international shipping definition, unless the lessor or a corporation, trust or partnership affiliated with the lessor has an eligible interest in the lessee.
The definition of international shipping was introduced following industry consultation, with the intent of providing shipping companies with flexibility in the manner in which they structure their intra-group chartering contracts. Based on our operations and our understanding of the foregoing intention of the definition of international shipping, we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to be, resident in Canada for purposes of the Canada Tax Act, and we intend that our affairs will be conducted and operated in a manner such that we do not become a resident of Canada under the Canada Tax Act. However, if we were or become resident in Canada, we would be or become subject under the Canada Tax Act to Canadian income tax on our worldwide income and our non-Canadian resident shareholders would be or become subject to Canadian withholding tax on dividends paid in respect of our shares.
Generally, a corporation that is not resident in Canada will be taxable in Canada on income it earns from carrying on a business in Canada and on gains from the disposition of property used in a business carried on in Canada. However, there are specific statutory exemptions under the Canada Tax Act that provide that income earned in Canada by a non-resident corporation from international shipping, and gains realized from the disposition of ships used principally in international traffic, are not included in the non-resident corporations income for Canadian tax purposes where the corporations country of residence grants substantially similar relief to a Canadian resident. A Canadian resident corporation that carries on an international shipping business, as described in the previous sentence, in the Republic of the Marshall Islands is exempt from income tax under the current laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Subject to the below assumption, we expect that we will qualify for these statutory exemptions under the Canada Tax Act. Based on our operations, we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to be, carrying on a business in Canada for purposes of the Canada Tax Act other than a business that would provide us with these statutory exemptions from Canadian income tax. The foregoing is based upon the assumption that we are a resident of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. These statutory exemptions are contingent upon reciprocal treatment being provided under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. If in the future as a non-resident of Canada, we are carrying on a business in Canada that is not exempt from Canadian income tax, or these statutory exemptions are not accessible due to changes in the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or otherwise, we would be subject to Canadian income tax on our non-exempt income earned in Canada which could reduce our earnings available for distribution to shareholders.
Certain of our subsidiaries are residents of Canada for purposes of the Canada Tax Act. These subsidiaries are subject to Canadian tax on their worldwide income, and we will be subject to Canadian withholding tax on dividends we will receive from those subsidiaries. Based on the nature and extent of the operations of these subsidiaries, we do not expect the amount of Canadian income and withholding tax to be significant in relation to our earnings.
C. Organizational Structure
Please read Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report for a list of our significant subsidiaries as of February 28, 2015.
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
For information on our fleet and new vessel contracts, please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewOur Fleet. Other than our vessels, we do not have any material property.
46
Item 4A. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
None.
Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects |
A. General
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Overview
We are Seaspan Corporation, a Marshall Islands corporation that was incorporated on May 3, 2005. We are a leading independent charter owner and manager of containerships, which we charter primarily pursuant to long-term, fixed-rate time charters with major container liner companies. We primarily deploy our vessels on long-term, fixed-rate time charters to take advantage of the stable cash flow and high utilization rates that are typically associated with long-term time charters. As of February 28, 2015 we operated a fleet of 77 vessels and we have entered into contracts for the purchase of an additional 13 newbuilding containerships, which have scheduled delivery dates through October 2016. Of our 13 newbuilding containerships, 12 will commence operation under long-term, fixed- rate charters upon delivery. We expect to enter into a long-term time charter contract for the remaining newbuilding containership in the near future. The average age of the 77 vessels in our fleet was approximately seven years as of February 28, 2015.
Customers for our operating fleet as at February 28, 2015 were COSCON, CSCL Asia, HL USA, Hanjin, Hapag-Lloyd, K-Line, MSC, MOL, Norasia and OOCL. The customers for the additional 12 newbuilding containerships that are under long-term, fixed-rate charters upon delivery are Maersk, MOL and Yang Ming Marine. Our primary objective is to continue to grow our business through accretive vessel acquisitions as market conditions allow. Please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewOur Fleet for more information.
2014 Developments
Vessel Deliveries
During the year ended December 31, 2014, we accepted delivery of six 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships, bringing our operating fleet to a total of 77 vessels. These six vessels are the first vessels in our operating fleet constructed by New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu using our fuel-efficient SAVER design. The vessel deliveries are summarized below:
Vessel |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Length of Time Charter | Charterer | Delivery Date |
||||||||||||
Hanjin Buddha |
10000 | 10 years plus one 2-year option | Hanjin | March 2014 | ||||||||||||
Hanjin Namu |
10000 | 10 years plus one 2-year option | Hanjin | May 2014 | ||||||||||||
Hanjin Tabul |
10000 | 10 years plus one 2-year option | Hanjin | June 2014 | ||||||||||||
MOL Bravo |
10000 | 8 years plus one 2-year option | MOL | July 2014 | ||||||||||||
MOL Brightness |
10000 | 8 years plus one 2-year option | MOL | October 2014 | ||||||||||||
MOL Breeze |
10000 | 8 years plus one 2-year option | MOL | November 2014 |
Newbuilding Contracts, Time Charters and Option Agreements
On March 31, 2014, we exercised options for the construction of four 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships at New Jiangsu or Jiangsu Xinfu. These vessels are scheduled for delivery through 2016 and will
47
be constructed using our fuel-efficient SAVER design. Pursuant to the right of first refusal agreement among us, GCI and Blue Water, or the ROFR, we retained two of the 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships and GCI will acquire the remaining two vessels. In August 2014, we entered into five-year, fixed-rate time charter contracts with Maersk for these vessels.
In August 2014, Yang Ming Marine confirmed that the term of the fixed-rate time charters for the five 14000 TEU SAVER design containerships currently being constructed at CSBC Corporation will be extended to 10 years with one two-year option. Two of these vessels are allocated to us and three are allocated to GCI under the ROFR.
The option that Yang Ming Marine held to purchase up to five 14000 TEU newbuilding vessels currently being constructed at Hyundai Heavy Industries has expired, and as a result all five of these 14000 TEU newbuilding vessels will also be time chartered to Yang Ming Marine for 10 years with one two-year option. Three of these vessels are allocated to us and two are allocated to GCI under the ROFR.
On August 25, 2014, we entered into an agreement with New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu under which we converted our remaining options to acquire up to four 10000 TEU fuel-efficient SAVER design vessels to be constructed at those shipyards into options to acquire up to six 10000 TEU or 14000 TEU fuel-efficient SAVER design vessels, with delivery dates in 2017 and 2018. On December 19, 2014, the agreement was amended to allow us to exercise the options by June 30, 2015. We anticipate that such options, if exercised, will be subject to the ROFR.
On December 19, 2014, we entered into contracts with New Jiangsu and Jiangsu Xinfu for the construction of two 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $186.0 million. These vessels are scheduled for delivery in October 2016 and January 2017 and will be constructed using our fuel-efficient SAVER design. Pursuant to the ROFR, we retained one of the 10000 TEU newbuilding containerships and GCI acquired the remaining vessel.
Extensions of the ROFR and Right of First Offer, CEO Employment Agreement and Related Agreements
GCI is an investment vehicle established with an affiliate of Carlyle and others, including affiliates of our director, Graham Porter, and of our largest shareholder, Dennis R. Washington. Pursuant to the ROFR and the right of first offer, or ROFO, we have a right of first refusal on containership investment opportunities available to GCI and a right of first offer for certain containerships GCI may propose to sell. The ROFR and ROFO were previously scheduled to expire on March 31, 2015. On August 11, 2014, the investors in GCI extended the terms of the ROFR and ROFO by one year to March 31, 2016.
In connection with the extension of the ROFR and ROFO, we also extended our employment and transaction services agreements with Gerry Wang and our financial services agreement with Tiger Ventures Limited, an affiliate of our director Graham Porter, through March 31, 2016. In connection with these extensions, Mr. Wang and Tiger Ventures extended contractual lock-up arrangements relating to certain of our common shares they own by an additional year.
For additional information about GCI, the ROFR and the ROFO, as amended, the terms of the employment and transaction services agreements with Mr. Wang and the financial services agreement with Tiger Ventures, please read Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsB. Related Party Transactions.
48
Vessel Reallocation with Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC
On September 29, 2014, we and GCI agreed to reallocate four 10000 TEU vessels under construction by exchanging two vessels that we were scheduled to receive with two vessels GCI was scheduled to receive. As a result, the revised allocation of these vessels between us and GCI is as follows:
Vessel |
Original Owner | After Reallocation | Charterer | Delivery Date | ||||
Hull No. 1010 |
GCI | Seaspan | MOL | November 2014 | ||||
Hull No. 1120 |
GCI | Seaspan | Maersk | 2016 | ||||
Hull No. 1102 |
Seaspan | GCI | MOL | 2015 | ||||
Hull No. 1104 |
Seaspan | GCI | Maersk | 2015 |
Loan and Lease Facility Transactions
On December 23, 2013, we entered into an agreement to extend and refinance our $1.0 billion credit facility, or the Facility. Under the terms of the amended Facility, which became effective on January 31, 2014, the maturity date was extended from May 2015 to May 2019, and the outstanding amount of the Facility was reduced to $433.8 million and now bears interest at market rates. In January 2014, we funded this reduction in principal by drawing $340.0 million under existing credit facilities, one of which is secured by certain vessels that were pledged as collateral under the Facility, and approximately $260.0 million of cash on hand.
On May 1, 2014, we entered into a 364-day unsecured, revolving credit facility with various banks for up to $100.0 million to be used to fund vessels under construction and for general corporate purposes. The facility bears interest at market rates. At December 31, 2014, $100.0 million had been drawn under this facility.
On June 30, 2014, we entered into a five-year term loan facility with a European bank for up to $83.0 million to fund the construction of one of our 14000 TEU newbuilding containerships. The facility bears interest at market rates. At December 31, 2014, no amounts had been drawn under this facility.
On July 11, 2014 and November 4, 2014, we entered into lease financing agreements with Asian special purpose companies, or the SPCs, for a total of four 10000 TEU newbuilding vessels that are, or will be, chartered to MOL. The lease financing arrangements are expected to provide gross financing proceeds of approximately $110.0 million per vessel upon delivery of each vessel, or $440.0 million in total. Under the lease financing arrangements, we will sell the vessels to the SPCs and lease the vessels back from the SPCs over an initial term of 8.5 years, with an option to purchase the vessels at the end of the lease term for a pre-determined fair value purchase price. If the purchase option is not exercised, the lease term will be automatically extended for an additional two years. These lease financing arrangements provide financing at market rates. On July 16, 2014, October 29, 2014 and November 12, 2014, we financed the purchase of the MOL Bravo, MOL Brightness and MOL Breeze, respectively, through these lease financing arrangements and received total gross proceeds of $330.0 million. We expect to finance the purchase of the MOL Beacon, scheduled for delivery during the first quarter of 2015, through these lease financing arrangements.
In December 2014, we negotiated an early termination of the lease financing structure related to five 4500 TEU vessels and, through a series of agreements, regained legal title to the vessels. As a result, we paid the termination amounts, realized a net gain of $3.8 million and wrote off deferred financing fees of $0.9 million.
On December 24, 2014, we entered into a term loan facility for up to $67.0 million to re-finance two 4500 TEU containerships that were previously financed under the early terminated lease financing structure. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. At December 31, 2014, $67.0 million had been drawn under this facility.
Issuance of $345.0 Million 6.375% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2019
On April 3, 2014, we issued in a registered public offering $345.0 million of senior unsecured notes, or our Notes. Our Notes mature on April 30, 2019 and bear interest at a rate of 6.375% per year, payable quarterly. We used a portion of the net proceeds to repay our $125.0 million unsecured credit facility.
49
Issuance of Series E Preferred Shares
On February 13, 2014, we issued in a registered public offering 5,400,000 Series E preferred shares at a price of $25.00 per share for total net proceeds of approximately $130.4 million. Dividends are payable on the Series E preferred shares at a rate of 8.25% per annum of the stated liquidation preference of $25.00 per share.
At-the-Market Offering of Class A Common Shares
On May 22, 2014, we announced that we had entered into an equity distribution agreement with sales agents under which we may, from time to time, issue Class A common shares in one or more at-the-market, or ATM, offerings up to an aggregate of $75.0 million in gross sales proceeds. Sales of such Class A common shares will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, at market prices in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed between us and the sales agents. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we issued 206,600 Class A common shares under the ATM program for gross proceeds of approximately $4.7 million and net proceeds of approximately $4.2 million, which we used for general corporate purposes.
Conversion of Series A Preferred Shares
On January 30, 2014, our then outstanding 200,000 Series A preferred shares automatically converted into a total of 23,177,175 Class A common shares pursuant to the terms of the Series A preferred shares. The Series A preferred shares automatically converted to Class A common shares at a price of $15.00 per share.
Results of Special Meeting of Shareholders
We held a special meeting of shareholders on January 28, 2014 to vote on separate proposals to amend our articles of incorporation to (a) increase the number of our authorized shares of preferred stock from 65,000,000 to 150,000,000, with a corresponding increase in the number of authorized shares of capital stock from 290,000,100 to 375,000,100 and (b) declassify the board of directors and provide for the annual election of all directors. The proposal to increase the number of our authorized shares of preferred stock and capital stock was approved by shareholders at the meeting; the proposal to declassify the board of directors was not approved by shareholders.
Results of 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
Our 2014 annual meeting of shareholders was held on April 25, 2014. In addition to electing Class III directors and ratifying the appointment of our auditors in the ordinary course, we held a vote on separate proposals to (a) amend our articles of incorporation to (i) increase the size of the board of directors from nine to 11 directors and (ii) declassify the board of directors and provide for the annual election of all directors, and (b) amend our articles of incorporation and our bylaws to decrease the shareholder supermajority voting requirements to amend certain provisions in our articles of incorporation and our bylaws from 80% to 66 2/3%. None of the proposed amendments to our articles of incorporation or our bylaws were approved by shareholders.
Market Conditions
The containership charter market remained fairly stable during 2014, with time charter rates for benchmark 4000 TEU containerships in the range of approximately $7,150 to $10,150 per day throughout the year. Charter rates for these vessels remain below long-term historical averages due to a combination of factors, including continued low rates of growth in global container trade, which was approximately 6.1% in 2014, and the delivery of larger vessels that are causing a cascading effect as vessel classes previously serving long-haul trades are displaced. As an example, while the number of container vessels in the global fleet increased by only 31 vessels during 2014, the total global capacity of container vessels increased by 6.3%, or over 1,000,000 TEU. The increase in the average size of containership vessels in the global fleet is driven by a desire for liners to reduce their fleet operating cost.
50
The current desire for large, cost-efficient containership vessels is evidenced by the fact that over 80% of the current containership orderbook is for vessels greater than 7500 TEU. Economies of scale in containership building mean that the cost per TEU in building large containerships is less than for vessels with smaller TEU capacity. The total newbuild price for a theoretical 6600 TEU containership, which peaked at $108.0 million in the period June to September 2008, fell to $58.0 million by the end of 2012, and then increased to approximately $67.8 million as of the end of 2014.
B. Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2013
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and, except where otherwise specifically indicated, all amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars.
The following table presents our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Year Ended December 31, | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
Statement of operations data (in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 717,170 | $ | 677,090 | ||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Ship operating |
166,097 | 150,105 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
181,527 | 172,459 | ||||||
General and administrative |
30,462 | 34,783 | ||||||
Operating leases |
9,544 | 4,388 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Operating earnings |
329,540 | 315,355 | ||||||
Other expenses (income): |
||||||||
Interest expense |
88,159 | 60,496 | ||||||
Interest income |
(10,653 | ) | (2,045 | ) | ||||
Undrawn credit facility fee |
3,109 | 2,725 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred charges |
10,342 | 9,477 | ||||||
Refinancing expenses and recoveries |
70 | 4,038 | ||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments |
105,694 | (60,504 | ) | |||||
Equity (income) loss on investment |
(256 | ) | 670 | |||||
Other expenses |
1,828 | 1,470 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net earnings |
$ | 131,247 | $ | 299,028 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Common shares outstanding at year end: |
96,662,928 | 69,208,888 | ||||||
Per share data (in USD): |
||||||||
Basic earnings per Class A common share |
$ | 0.80 | $ | 3.36 | ||||
Diluted earnings per Class A common share |
$ | 0.79 | $ | 2.93 | ||||
Dividends paid per Class A common share |
$ | 1.348 | $ | 1.188 | ||||
Statement of cash flows data (in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in): |
||||||||
Operating activities(1) |
$ | 342,959 | $ | 327,669 | ||||
Financing activities |
(79,499 | ) | 62,491 | |||||
Investing activities(1) |
(538,085 | ) | (295,158 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | (274,625 | ) | $ | 95,002 | |||
|
|
|
|
51
Year Ended December 31, | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
Selected balance sheet data (at year end, in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 201,755 | $ | 476,380 | ||||
Vessels |
5,095,723 | 4,992,271 | ||||||
Other assets |
597,915 | 479,110 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 5,895,393 | $ | 5,947,761 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Current liabilities |
416,937 | 520,406 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
7,343 | 4,143 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
3,084,409 | 2,853,459 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
253,542 | 572,673 | ||||||
Fair value of financial instruments |
387,938 | 425,375 | ||||||
Shareholders equity |
1,745,224 | 1,571,705 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 5,895,393 | $ | 5,947,761 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other data: |
||||||||
Number of vessels in operation at period end |
77 | 71 | ||||||
Average age of fleet in years at period end |
7.1 | 6.7 | ||||||
TEU capacity at period end |
474,300 | 414,300 | ||||||
Average remaining initial term on outstanding charters |
4.8 | 5.5 | ||||||
Fleet utilization |
99.0 | % | 98.0 | % |
(1) | Certain information has been reclassified to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for the current year. |
At the beginning of 2014, we had 71 vessels in operation. We accepted delivery of six vessels during 2014, bringing our fleet to a total of 77 vessels as of December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we accepted delivery of two secondhand vessels. Revenue is determined primarily by the number of operating days, and ship operating expense is determined primarily by the number of ownership days.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase | |||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | Days | % | |||||||||||||
Operating days |
25,157 | 23,632 | 1,525 | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||
Ownership days |
25,408 | 24,109 | 1,299 | 5.4 | % |
Financial Summary (in thousands of USD)
Year Ended December 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 717,170 | $ | 677,090 | $ | 40,080 | 5.9 | % | ||||||||
Ship operating expense |
166,097 | 150,105 | 15,992 | 10.7 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
181,527 | 172,459 | 9,068 | 5.3 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative expense |
30,462 | 34,783 | (4,321 | ) | (12.4 | %) | ||||||||||
Operating lease expense |
9,544 | 4,388 | 5,156 | 117.5 | % | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
88,159 | 60,496 | 27,663 | 45.7 | % | |||||||||||
Amortization of deferred charges |
10,342 | 9,477 | 865 | 9.1 | % | |||||||||||
Refinancing expenses and (recoveries) |
70 | 4,038 | (3,968 | ) | (98.3 | %) | ||||||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments |
105,694 | (60,504 | ) | 166,198 | 274.7 | % | ||||||||||
Equity (income) loss on investment |
(256 | ) | 670 | (926 | ) | 138.2 | % |
52
Revenue
Revenue increased by 5.9% to $717.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 over 2013. This increase is due primarily to the delivery of six 10000 TEU vessels in 2014, a full year of contribution from the delivery of two 4600 TEU secondhand vessels in mid-2013 and a decrease in unscheduled off-hire. These increases were partially offset by lower average charter rates for three of our vessels which were on short-term charters during the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase in scheduled off-hire and a decrease in vessel management revenue.
The increase in operating days and the related financial impact for the year ended December 31, 2014 relative to 2013 is attributable to the following:
Operating Days Impact |
$ Impact (in millions of USD) |
|||||||
2014 vessel deliveries |
952 | $ | 39.4 | |||||
Full year contribution for 2013 secondhand vessel deliveries |
347 | 6.8 | ||||||
Change in daily charter hire rate and re-charters |
| (3.8 | ) | |||||
Scheduled off-hire |
(84 | ) | (2.7 | ) | ||||
Unscheduled off-hire |
310 | 3.4 | ||||||
Vessel management revenue |
| (2.1 | ) | |||||
Other |
| (0.9 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
1,525 | $ | 40.1 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Vessel utilization was 99.0% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 98.0% for the prior year. The increase in vessel utilization was primarily due to a 310-day decrease in unscheduled off-hire. During the year ended December 31, 2014, there were 119 days of unscheduled off-hire, which included 86 off-charter days, compared to 429 days of unscheduled off-hire, which included 386 off-charter days for six 4250 TEU vessels in 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we completed 10 scheduled dry-dockings, which resulted in 132 days of scheduled off-hire compared to the completion of five scheduled dry-dockings that resulted in 48 days of scheduled off-hire in the prior year.
During the year ended December 31, 2014 we completed 10 dry-dockings for the following vessels:
Vessel |
Completed | |||
MOL Emerald |
Q2 | |||
CSAV Loncomilla |
Q2 | |||
CSAV Lumaco |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Callao |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Manzanillo |
Q3 | |||
CSCL Oceania |
Q4 | |||
CSCL Africa |
Q4 | |||
MOL Eminence |
Q4 | |||
MOL Emissary |
Q4 | |||
MOL Empire |
Q4 |
During the year ended December 31, 2013 we completed five dry-dockings for the following vessels:
Vessel |
Completed | |||
CSCL Montevideo |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Panama |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Lima |
Q3 | |||
CSCL San Jose |
Q3 | |||
CSCL Santiago |
Q3 |
53
Our cumulative vessel utilization since our initial public offering in August 2005 through December 31, 2014 was approximately 99.0%, or 99.3% if the impact of off-charter days is excluded.
Ship Operating Expense
Ship operating expense increased by 10.7% to $166.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. The increase in ship operating expense was due primarily to an increase in ownership and managed days of 5.4%, related to the delivery of six 10000 TEU vessels in 2014 and two 4600 TEU vessels in mid-2013.
Ship operating expense also rose due to increases in crew wages that occurred in the third quarter of 2013 and in the first quarter of 2014. In 2014, we purchased more stores and spares and incurred higher repairs and maintenance expense for our older vessels. We also incurred higher ship management infrastructure costs to support our expanding fleet. We expect ship operating expense to increase as our fleet expands and ages and as the average size of our vessels increases.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by 5.3% to $181.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was due to the increase in the size of the fleet from the 2014 deliveries and a full period of depreciation was taken for two secondhand vessels that delivered during 2013.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by 12.4% to $30.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. The decrease of $4.3 million was primarily due to a net reduction in stock-based compensation expense of $6.3 million. The majority of this reduction was due to a decrease in non-cash stock appreciation rights, or SARs, expense of $7.2 million, partially offset by an increase in other non-cash stock-based awards of $0.9 million. During 2013, $2.6 million of accelerated stock-based compensation was recognized relating to the vesting of the first tranche of SARs. These decreases were partially offset by increases in executive compensation and general corporate expenses of $2.0 million, which included costs relating to the evaluation of strategic options for our investment in GCI.
Operating Lease Expense
Operating lease expense increased to $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $4.4 million in 2013. The increase was due primarily to financing the purchase of three 10000 TEU vessels through new lease financing arrangements in July, October and November 2014. Under these lease financing arrangements, we sold the vessels to the SPCs and are leasing the vessels back over an initial term of approximately 8.5 years, with an option to purchase the vessels at the end of the lease term for a pre-determined fair value purchase price. If the purchase option is not exercised, the lease term will be automatically extended for an additional two years. Upon the sale of these vessels, there was a deferred gain of $59.1 million that is being recorded as a reduction of operating leases expense over 10.5 years, representing the initial lease term of 8.5 years plus the two year extension. These new lease financing arrangements are in addition to the Madinah, which we sold to a U.S. bank on June 27, 2012 and since that date we have been leasing the vessel back over a nine-year term. Prior to June 27, 2012, we owned the Madinah and financed it with a term loan of $53.0 million, which was repaid using the proceeds from the sale to the bank.
54
Interest Expense
The following table summarizes our borrowings:
(in millions of US dollars) | Year
Ended December 31, |
Change | ||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
$ | 3,382.4 | $ | 3,241.6 | $ | 140.8 | 4.3 | % | ||||||||
Other long-term liabilities, excluding deferred gains |
214.5 | 611.6 | (397.1 | ) | (64.9 | %) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total borrowings |
3,596.9 | 3,853.2 | (256.3 | ) | (6.7 | %) | ||||||||||
Less: Vessels under construction |
(282.0 | ) | (321.4 | ) | (39.4 | ) | (12.3 | %) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating borrowings |
$ | 3,314.9 | $ | 3,531.8 | $ | (216.9 | ) | (6.1 | %) | |||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense is comprised primarily of interest incurred on long-term debt and other long-term liabilities, excluding deferred gains, relating to operating vessels at either the variable rate calculated by reference to LIBOR plus the applicable margin or at fixed rates. Interest expense also includes a non-cash reclassification of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive loss related to previously designated hedging relationships. Interest incurred on long-term debt and other long-term liabilities for our vessels under construction is capitalized to the cost of the respective vessels under construction.
The increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $27.7 million, compared to 2013 was primarily due to an increase in the cost of borrowings. The increase in the cost of borrowings were due to the refinancing of our $1.0 billion credit facility in January 2014 at a higher margin than under the original facility, certain of our term loans which have higher margins than the facilities outstanding for the comparative prior periods and our Notes that were issued in April 2014 which have higher interest rates than our other borrowings.
Although we have entered into fixed interest rate swaps for much of our variable rate debt, the difference between the variable interest rate and the swapped fixed-rate on operating debt is recorded in our change in fair value of financial instruments rather than in interest expense.
Amortization of Deferred Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2014, amortization of deferred charges relating to our financing fees increased to $10.3 million, from $9.5 million in 2013, primarily due to amortization of financing fees associated with new facilities entered in 2014. Financing fees on credit facilities and leases are deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the facility based on amounts available under the facility or over the term of the underlying obligation. To the extent that the amortization of the deferred financing fees related to our operating credit facilities, the amortization is expensed while the amortization of the deferred financing fees relating to our construction facilities is capitalized to the related vessels under construction.
Refinancing Expenses and Recoveries
During the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred net refinancing expenses of $0.1 million, compared to $4.0 million in 2013. The costs in 2014 were primarily related to the repayment of a $125.0 million credit facility, partially offset by a net gain of $3.8 million realized on the early termination of the lease financing structure related to five 4500 TEU vessels. The costs in 2013 related to refinancing our $1.0 billion credit facility. Please read Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsA. GeneralManagements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations2014 DevelopmentsLoan and Lease Facility Transactions.
55
Change in Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The change in fair value of financial instruments resulted in a loss of $105.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to a gain of $60.5 million for 2013. The change in fair value was primarily due to decreases in the forward LIBOR curve for instruments with terms greater than eight years and the effect of the passage of time. The fair value of interest rate swap and swaption agreements is subject to change based on our company-specific credit risk and that of the counterparty included in the discount factor and the interest rate implied by the current swap curve, including its relative steepness. In determining the fair value, these factors are based on current information available to us. These factors are expected to change through the life of the instruments, causing the fair value to fluctuate significantly due to the large notional amounts and long-term nature of our derivative instruments. As these factors may change, the fair value of the instruments is an estimate and may deviate significantly from the actual cash settlements realized over the term of the instruments. Our valuation techniques have not changed and they remain consistent with those followed by other valuation practitioners.
The fair value of our interest rate swaps is most significantly impacted by changes in the yield curve. Based on the current notional amount and tenor of our interest rate swap portfolio, a one percent parallel shift in the overall yield curve is expected to result in a change in the fair value of our interest rate swaps of approximately $93.0 million. Actual changes in the yield curve are not expected to occur equally at all points and changes to the curve may be isolated to periods of time. This steepening or flattening of the yield curve may result in greater or lesser changes to the fair value of our financial instruments in a particular period than would occur had the entire yield curve changed equally at all points.
The fair value of our interest rate swaps is also impacted by changes in our company-specific credit risk included in the discount factor. We discount our derivative instruments with reference to the publicly-traded bond yields for our comparator group in the shipping industry and composite Bloomberg industry yield curves. Based on the current notional amount and tenor of our swap portfolio, a one percent change in the discount factor is expected to result in a change in the fair value of our interest rate swaps of approximately $11.0 million.
All of our interest rate swap and swaption agreements were marked to market with all changes in the fair value of these instruments recorded in Change in fair value of financial instruments in the Statement of Operations.
Please read Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for further discussion.
Equity Income/Loss on Investment
We have a 10.8% investment in GCI, which invests equity capital in containership assets strategic to Greater China. We agreed to make a minority investment in GCI of up to $100.0 million during the investment period, which is anticipated to be until March 2016. The equity income of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 represents our share of income in GCI. Our equity loss in 2013 was $0.7 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2012
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and, except where otherwise specifically indicated, all amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars.
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The following table presents our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Year Ended December 31, | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Statement of operations data (in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 677,090 | $ | 660,794 | ||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Ship operating |
150,105 | 138,655 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
172,459 | 165,541 | ||||||
General and administrative |
34,783 | 24,617 | ||||||
Operating lease |
4,388 | 3,145 | ||||||
Gain on vessel |
| (9,773 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Operating earnings |
315,355 | 338,609 | ||||||
Other expenses (income): |
||||||||
Interest expense |
60,496 | 71,996 | ||||||
Interest income |
(2,045 | ) | (1,190 | ) | ||||
Undrawn credit facility fee |
2,725 | 1,516 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred charges |
9,477 | 8,574 | ||||||
Refinancing expenses and costs |
4,038 | | ||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments |
(60,504 | ) | 135,998 | |||||
Equity loss on investment |
670 | 259 | ||||||
Other expenses |
1,470 | 151 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net earnings |
$ | 299,028 | $ | 121,305 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Common shares outstanding at year end: |
69,208,888 | 63,042,217 | ||||||
Per share data (in USD): |
||||||||
Basic earnings per Class A common share |
$ | 3.36 | $ | 0.84 | ||||
Diluted earnings per Class A common share |
$ | 2.93 | $ | 0.81 | ||||
Dividends paid per Class A common share |
$ | 1.188 | $ | 0.938 | ||||
Statement of cash flows data (in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in): |
||||||||
Operating activities(1) |
$ | 327,669 | $ | 311,183 | ||||
Financing activities |
62,491 | (181,364 | ) | |||||
Investing activities(1)(2) |
(295,158 | ) | (229,564 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 95,002 | $ | (99,745 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Selected balance sheet data (at year end, in thousands of USD): |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(2) |
$ | 476,380 | $ | 381,378 | ||||
Vessels |
4,992,271 | 4,863,273 | ||||||
Other assets(2) |
479,110 | 406,202 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 5,947,761 | $ | 5,650,853 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Current liabilities |
520,406 | 180,306 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
4,143 | 7,903 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
2,853,459 | 3,024,288 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
572,673 | 613,049 | ||||||
Fair value of financial instruments |
425,375 | 606,740 | ||||||
Shareholders equity |
1,571,705 | 1,218,567 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 5,947,761 | $ | 5,650,853 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other data: |
||||||||
Number of vessels in operation at period end |
71 | 69 | ||||||
Average age of fleet in years at period end |
6.7 | 5.6 | ||||||
TEU capacity at period end |
414,300 | 405,100 | ||||||
Average remaining initial term on outstanding charters |
5.5 | 6.4 | ||||||
Fleet utilization |
98.0 | % | 98.9 | % |
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(1) | Certain information has been reclassified to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for the current year. |
(2) | The balance sheet and cash flow data for 2012 has been recast to separately present balances of and movement in restricted cash, included in other assets, from cash and cash equivalents. This reclassification, which is immaterial, had no impact on the consolidated statement of operations data. |
At the beginning of 2013, we had 69 vessels in operation. We accepted delivery of two secondhand vessels during the year ended December 31, 2013, bringing our fleet to a total of 71 vessels as of December 31, 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we accepted delivery of four vessels. Revenue is determined primarily by the number of operating days, and ship operating expense is determined primarily by the number of ownership days.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase | |||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Days | % | |||||||||||||
Operating days |
23,632 | 23,152 | 480 | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||
Ownership days |
24,109 | 23,399 | 710 | 3.0 | % |
Financial Summary (in thousands of USD)
Year Ended December 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 677,090 | $ | 660,794 | $ | 16,296 | 2.5 | % | ||||||||
Ship operating expense |
150,105 | 138,655 | 11,450 | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
172,459 | 165,541 | 6,918 | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
34,783 | 24,617 | 10,166 | 41.3 | % | |||||||||||
Operating lease expense |
4,388 | 3,145 | 1,243 | 39.5 | % | |||||||||||
Gain on vessel |
| (9,773 | ) | 9,773 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
60,496 | 71,996 | (11,500 | ) | (16.0 | %) | ||||||||||
Amortization of deferred charges |
9,477 | 8,574 | 903 | 10.5 | % | |||||||||||
Refinancing expenses and costs |
4,038 | | 4,038 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments |
(60,504 | ) | 135,998 | (196,502 | ) | (144.5 | %) | |||||||||
Equity loss on investment |
670 | 259 | 411 | 158.7 | % |
Revenue
Revenue increased by 2.5% to $677.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 over 2012. This increase is due primarily to the impact of a full periods contribution of four 13100 TEU newbuilding vessels delivered in 2012, revenue from two 4600 TEU secondhand vessels delivered in 2013, revenue from the management of third party vessels, and a decrease in scheduled off-hire. These increases were partially offset by lower charter rates for six 4250 TEU vessels which were on short-term charters during the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase in unscheduled off-hire, which included 386 off-charter days for six 4250 TEU vessels, and one less day in 2013 due to 2012 being a leap year.
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The increase in operating days and the related financial impact for the year ended December 31, 2013 relative to 2012, is attributable to the following:
Operating Days Impact |
$ Impact (in millions of USD) |
|||||||
2013 vessel deliveries |
383 | $ | 7.6 | |||||
Full year contribution for 2012 vessel deliveries |
368 | 20.6 | ||||||
Change in daily charter hire rate and re-charters |
| (9.1 | ) | |||||
One less day due to the 2012 leap year |
(61 | ) | (1.7 | ) | ||||
Scheduled off-hire |
32 | 1.1 | ||||||
Unscheduled off-hire |
(262 | ) | (5.4 | ) | ||||
Vessel management revenue |
| 3.2 | ||||||
Other |
20 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
480 | $ | 16.3 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Vessel utilization was 98.0% for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 98.9% for the prior year. The decrease in vessel utilization was primarily due to a 262 day increase in unscheduled off-hire which was related primarily to more off-charter days for six of our 4250 TEU vessels. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we completed five dry-dockings, which resulted in 48 days of scheduled off-hire compared to the completion of six dry-dockings during 2012, which resulted in 80 days of scheduled off-hire.
During the year ended December 31, 2013 we completed five dry-dockings, which resulted in 48 days of scheduled off-hire for the following vessels:
Vessel |
Completed | |||
CSCL Montevideo |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Panama |
Q2 | |||
CSCL Lima |
Q3 | |||
CSCL San Jose |
Q3 | |||
CSCL Santiago |
Q3 |
During the year ended December 31, 2012, we completed six dry-dockings, which resulted in a total of 80 days of scheduled off-hire for the following vessels:
Vessel |
Completed | |||
Rio de Janeiro Express |
Q1 | |||
CSCL Zeebrugge |
Q1 | |||
COSCO Fuzhou |
Q1 | |||
COSCO Yingkou |
Q1 | |||
CSCL Long Beach |
Q2 | |||
Seaspan Ningbo |
Q3 | |||
Seaspan Dalian(1) |
Q3 | |||
Seaspan Felixstowe(1) |
Q3 |
(1) | Dry-docking for these vessels was completed while the vessels were off-charter. |
Our cumulative vessel utilization since our initial public offering in August 2005 through December 31, 2013 was approximately 99.0% or 99.3% if the impact of off-charter days is excluded.
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Ship Operating Expense
Ship operating expense increased by 8.3% to $150.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 2012. The increase in ship operating expense was due primarily to an increase in ownership and managed days of 4.9%, related to the addition of four 13100 TEU vessels during the first half of 2012, two 4600 TEU vessels in 2013 and the management of 4600 TEU vessels for MOL. The larger TEU vessels are more expensive to operate and the increased cost of lubes, insurance and other operating costs associated with these vessels further contributed to higher ship operating expenses. There was also an increase in crew wages and spare parts expense, primarily due to higher spare parts purchases in 2013 compared with 2012 and increased expense due to an expanding and older fleet.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
The increase in depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 2012, was due to the increase in the size of the fleet. Four vessels were delivered in 2012 and a full period of depreciation was taken for these vessels for the year ended December 31, 2013. There were also two vessel deliveries in 2013.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense increased by 41.3% to $34.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 2012. The increase of $10.2 million was due primarily to an increase of $10.9 million in share-based compensation expense related to stock appreciation rights, or SARs, granted to our chief executive officer in December 2012 and to certain members of management in March 2013. The increase was partially offset by lower costs associated with the acquisition and integration of our Manager compared to 2012.
Operating Lease Expense
On June 27, 2012, we sold the Madinah to a U.S. bank and since that date we have been leasing the vessel back over a nine-year term. Prior to June 27, 2012, we owned the vessel and financed it with a term loan of $53.0 million, which was repaid using the proceeds from the sale to the bank. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we incurred operating lease expenses relating to this arrangement of $4.4 million. During 2012, in addition to operating lease expense of $3.1 million, we incurred interest expense of $0.7 million on the $53.0 million loan prior to June 27, 2012.
Gain on Vessels
The $53.0 million term loan credit facility related to the Madinah matured on June 27, 2012. On June 27, 2012, we sold the Madinah to a U.S. bank for $52.1 million, the amount outstanding under the term loan, which resulted in a non-cash gain on vessel of $9.8 million during 2012. The proceeds from this sale were used to fully repay the term loan.
Interest Expense
At December 31, 2013, we had total borrowings of $3.9 billion, which consisted of long-term debt of $3.2 billion and other long-term liabilities of $611.6 million. At December 31, 2013, our operating borrowings were $3.5 billion. Interest expense is comprised primarily of interest incurred on long-term debt and other long-term liabilities relating to operating vessels at the variable rate calculated by reference to LIBOR plus the applicable margin. Interest expense also includes a non-cash reclassification of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive loss related to previously designated hedging relationships. Interest incurred on long-term debt and other long-term liabilities for our vessels under construction is capitalized to the cost of the respective vessels under construction.
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The decrease in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 of $11.5 million compared to 2012 was primarily due to lower operating borrowings as well as a reduction in average LIBOR. The remaining decreases were due to an increase in interest capitalized, a lower reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings, and a repayment of the $53.0 million term loan in 2012 using the proceeds from the sale of the Madinah. The average LIBOR charged on our long-term debt for the year ended December 31, 2013 was 0.2% compared 0.4% for the comparable period in 2012.
Although we have entered into fixed interest rate swaps for much of our variable rate debt, the difference between the variable interest rate and the swapped fixed-rate on operating debt is recorded in our change in fair value of financial instruments rather than in interest expense.
Amortization of Deferred Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2013, amortization of deferred charges relating to our financing fees increased to $9.5 million, from $8.6 million in 2012, primarily due to amortization on financing fees of new facilities entered in 2013. Financing fees on credit facilities and leases are deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the facility based on amounts available under the facility or over the term of the underlying obligation. To the extent that the amortization of the deferred financing fees related to our operating credit facilities, the amortization is expensed while the amortization of the deferred financing fees relating to our construction facilities is capitalized to the related vessels under construction.
Refinancing Expenses and Costs
During the year ended December 31, 2013, we incurred refinancing expenses and costs of $4.0 million, compared to nil in 2012. These costs were related to refinancing our $1.0 billion credit facility. Please read Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsA. GeneralManagements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations2014 DevelopmentsLoan and Lease Facility Transactions.
Change in Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The change in fair value of financial instruments resulted in a gain of $60.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to a loss of $136.0 million for 2012. The change in fair value was primarily due to increases in the forward LIBOR curve, the effect of the passage of time and less discounting of expected future settlements. The fair value of interest rate swap and swaption agreements is subject to change based on our company-specific credit risk and that of the counterparty included in the discount factor and the interest rate implied by the current swap curve, including its relative steepness. In determining the fair value, these factors are based on current information available to us. These factors are expected to change through the life of the instruments, causing the fair value to fluctuate significantly due to the large notional amounts and long-term nature of our derivative instruments. As these factors may change, the fair value of the instruments is an estimate and may deviate significantly from the actual cash settlements realized over the term of the instruments. Our valuation techniques have not changed and they remain consistent with those followed by other valuation practitioners.
The fair value of our interest rate swaps is most significantly impacted by changes in the yield curve. Based on the current notional amount and tenor of our interest rate swap portfolio, a one percent parallel shift in the overall yield curve is expected to result in a change in the fair value of our interest rate swaps of approximately $116.0 million. Actual changes in the yield curve are not expected to occur equally at all points and changes to the curve may be isolated to periods of time. This steepening or flattening of the yield curve may result in greater or lesser changes to the fair value of our financial instruments in a particular period than would occur had the entire yield curve changed equally at all points.
The fair value of our interest rate swaps is also impacted by changes in our company-specific credit risk included in the discount factor. We discount our derivative instruments with reference to the publicly-traded
61
bond yields for our comparator group in the shipping industry and composite Bloomberg industry yield curves. Based on the current notional amount and tenor of our swap portfolio, a one percent change in the discount factor is expected to result in a change in the fair value of our interest rate swaps of approximately $9.0 million.
All of our interest rate swap and swaption agreements were marked to market with all changes in the fair value of these instruments recorded in Change in fair value of financial instruments in the Statement of Operations.
Please read Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for further discussion.
Equity Loss on Investment
We had a 10.3% investment in GCI, which invests equity capital in containership assets strategic to Greater China. We agreed to make a minority investment in GCI of up to $100.0 million during the investment period, which is anticipated to be until March 2016. The equity loss on investment of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 represents our share of losses in GCI. Our equity loss in 2012 was $0.3 million.
C. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity and Cash Needs
At December 31, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $203.0 million. Our primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund our operating expenses, debt repayments, lease payments, payment of our quarterly dividends and the purchase of the containerships we have contracted to build. Our medium-term liquidity needs primarily relate to the purchase of the containerships we have contracted to build, debt repayments, lease payments, open market repurchases of common shares and the potential redemption of our Series C preferred shares. The Series C preferred shares carry an annual dividend rate of 9.5% per $25 of liquidation preference per share, which is subject to increase if, among other things, we do not redeem the shares in whole by January 30, 2017. The Series C preferred shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after January 30, 2016. Our long-term liquidity needs primarily relate to potential future vessel acquisitions, debt repayments and lease payments, open market repurchases of common shares, and the future potential redemption of our Series D, and Series E preferred shares. The Series D preferred shares carry an annual dividend rate of 7.95% per $25 of liquidation preference per share and the Series D preferred shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after January 30, 2018. The Series E preferred shares carry an annual dividend rate of 8.25% per $25 of liquidation preference per share and the Series E preferred shares are redeemable by us at any time on or after February 13, 2019.
We anticipate that our primary sources of funds for our short and medium-term liquidity needs will be our committed credit facilities, new credit facilities, new lease obligations, additional equity offerings as well as our cash from operations, while our long-term sources of funds will be from cash from operations and debt or equity financings. As of February 28, 2015, the estimated remaining installments on the 13 vessels we had contracted to purchase was approximately $1.1 billion, which we expect to fund primarily from our existing and future credit facilities, future lease facilities, cash from operations and proceeds from our preferred share offerings. Future debt or equity issuances may be considered for growth.
Our dividend policy impacts our future liquidity needs. Since our initial public offering, our board of directors adopted a dividend policy to pay a regular quarterly dividend on our Class A common shares while reinvesting a portion of our operating cash flow in our business. Retained cash may be used to, among other things, fund vessel or fleet acquisitions, other capital expenditures, debt repayments, lease payments, and open market repurchases of securities, as determined by our board of directors. This dividend policy reflects our judgment that by retaining a portion of our cash in our business over the long-term, we will be able to provide better value to our shareholders by enhancing our longer term dividend paying capacity. In February 2011, our board of directors adopted a progressive dividend policy aimed at increasing our dividends on our Class A
62
common shares in a manner that preserves our long-term financial strength and ability to expand our fleet. We expect this policy to increase dividends paid to holders of our Class A common shares. For more information, please read Item 8. Financial InformationA. Financial Statements and Other Financial InformationDividend Policy.
Financing Facilities
The following table summarizes our long-term debt and lease obligations as of December 31, 2014. In addition, our long-term debt and lease obligations are described in notes 10 and 11, respectively, within our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.
Amount Outstanding(1) |
Amount Committed |
Amount Available |
||||||||||
(millions) | (millions) | (millions) | ||||||||||
Long-Term Debt |
||||||||||||
Revolving credit facilities(2) |
$ | 1,301.9 | $ | 1,307.0 | $ | 5.1 | ||||||
Term loan credit facilities |
1,735.5 | 2,075.5 | 340.0 | |||||||||
Senior unsecured notes |
345.0 | 345.0 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Long-Term Debt |
3,382.4 | 3,727.5 | 345.1 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Lease Facilities |
||||||||||||
COSCO Faith 13100 TEU vessel (non-recourse to Seaspan Corporation) |
91.1 | 91.1 | | |||||||||
COSCO Pride 13100 TEU vessel (non-recourse to Seaspan Corporation) |
123.4 | 123.4 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Lease Facilities |
214.5 | 214.5 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Long-Term Debt and Lease Facilities(3) |
$ | 3,596.9 | $ | 3,942.0 | $ | 345.1 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Includes amounts owed by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Seaspan Corporation which are non-recourse to Seaspan Corporation. |
(2) | Includes a $5.1 million line of credit which was undrawn as at December 31, 2014. |
(3) | As at December 31, 2014, our operating borrowings were $3.3 billion (2013$3.5 billion). The remaining amount of our borrowings related to the construction of newbuilding vessels. |
Our Credit Facilities
We primarily use our credit facilities to finance the construction and acquisition of vessels. Our credit facilities are, or will be upon vessel delivery, secured by first-priority mortgages granted on 72 of our vessels, together with other related security, such as assignments of shipbuilding contracts and refund guarantees for the vessels, assignments of time charters and earnings for the vessels, assignments of insurances for the vessels and assignments of management agreements for the vessels.
As of December 31, 2014, our revolving credit facilities, term loans and our Notes provided for borrowings of up to approximately $3.7 billion, of which approximately $3.4 billion was outstanding and $345.1 million was available to be drawn by us. Interest payments on the revolving credit facilities are based on LIBOR plus margins, which ranged between 0.5% and 1.25% as of December 31, 2014. We may prepay certain loans under our revolving credit facilities without penalty, other than breakage costs and opportunity costs in certain circumstances. We are required to prepay a portion of the outstanding loans under certain circumstances, such as the sale or loss of a vessel where we do not substitute another appropriate vessel. Amounts prepaid in accordance with these provisions may be re-borrowed, subject to certain conditions.
Interest payments on our term loans, excluding one term loan of $4.5 million, are based on either LIBOR plus margins, which ranged between 0.4% and 4.8% as of December 31, 2014 or, for a portion of one of our term
63
loans, the commercial interest reference rate of KEXIM plus a margin, which was 0.7% as of December 31, 2014. We may prepay all term loans without penalty, other than breakage costs in certain circumstances and in one case a prepayment fee under certain circumstances. We are required to prepay a portion of the outstanding loans under certain circumstances, including the sale or loss of a vessel if we do not substitute another appropriate vessel. Amounts prepaid in accordance with these provisions may not be re-borrowed.
Our Notes
Our Notes mature on April 30, 2019 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.375% per year, payable quarterly in arrears. In the event of certain changes in withholding taxes, at our option, we may redeem our Notes in whole, but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
Our Lease Facilities
We use our lease facilities to finance the construction and acquisition of vessels. Our lease facilities, which do not include our operating leases, are provided by bank financial leasing owners who own our six leased vessels. These banks are also granted other related security, such as assignments of time charters and earnings for the vessels, assignments of insurances for the vessels and assignments of management agreements for the vessels.
At December 31, 2014, we had lease and other long-term obligations of approximately $214.5 million. Under our lease agreements, subject to payment of a termination fee in certain circumstances, we may voluntarily terminate a lease agreement. We are also required to prepay rental amounts, broken funding costs and other costs to the lessor in certain circumstances.
One of our subsidiaries was a party, as lessee, to lease agreements for a lease facility used to finance the acquisition of five 4500 TEU vessels. The lessor retained title to the vessels and remained our subsidiarys counterparty but transferred its entire leasing business to its parent company. All of those vessels delivered during 2010 and 2011 and were operating under 12-year fixed-rate time charters with K-Line. In December 2014, we negotiated an early termination of the lease financing structure related to these five 4500 TEU vessels and, through a series of agreements, regained legal title to the vessels. As a result, we paid the termination amounts, realized a net gain of $3.8 million and wrote-off deferred financing fees of $0.9 million.
Certain Terms under our Long-Term Debt and Lease Facilities
We are subject to customary conditions before we may borrow under our credit and lease facilities, including, among others, that no event of default is outstanding and that there has been no material adverse change in our ability to make all required payments under the facilities.
Our credit and lease facilities also contain various covenants limiting our ability to, among other things:
| allow liens to be placed on the collateral securing the facility; |
| enter into mergers with other entities; |
| conduct material transactions with affiliates; or |
| change the flag, class or management of the vessels securing the facility. |
Our credit and lease facilities also contain certain financial covenants, including, among others, that require Seaspan Corporation to maintain minimum tangible net worth, interest coverage ratios, interest and principal coverage ratios, and debt to assets ratios, as defined. We were in compliance with these covenants as at December 31, 2014. We are also subject to similar financial covenants in our Notes.
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Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, (In thousands of USD) |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
Net cash flow from operating activities |
$ | 342,959 | $ | 327,669 | $ | 311,183 | ||||||
Net cash flow from (used in) financing activities |
(79,499 | ) | 62,491 | (181,364 | ) | |||||||
Net cash flow used in investing activities(1) |
(538,085 | ) | (295,158 | ) | (229,564 | ) |
(1) | The cash flow data for 2012 has been recast to separately present balances of and movement in restricted cash, included in other assets, from cash and cash equivalents. This reclassification, which is immaterial, had no impact on the consolidated statement of operations data. |
Operating Cash Flows
Net cash flows from operating activities were $343.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $15.3 million over 2013. The increase in net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to the prior year, was primarily due to an increase in net earnings, excluding non-cash items, of $14.4 million, and an increase in cash related to working capital of $0.9 million. The increase in net earnings, excluding non-cash items, was primarily due to an increase in revenue and interest income, partially offset by an increase in ship operating expense and interest expense. The increase in cash related to working capital resulted primarily from timing differences, which are in the normal course of our operations.
Net cash flows from operating activities were $327.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase of $16.5 million over 2012. The increase in net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to the year ended 2012, was primarily due to an increase in net earnings, excluding non-cash items, of $6.6 million, and an increase in cash related to working capital of $9.9 million. The increase in net earnings, excluding non-cash items, was primarily due to an increase in revenue and a decrease in interest expense, partially offset by an increase in ship operating and other expenses. The increase in cash related to working capital resulted primarily from timing differences which are in the normal course of our operations.
For further discussion of changes in revenue and expenses, please read Results of Operations.
Financing Cash Flows
Net cash flows used in financing activities were $79.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase in cash used in financing activities of $142.0 million, compared to 2013. The increase in cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, was primarily due to an increase in repayments on credit facilities, early termination of the lease financing structure related to five 4500 TEU vessels, an increase in dividend payments and a reduction in common share issuances, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of our Notes and Series E preferred shares, drawdown of our credit facilities and proceeds from the sale-leaseback of three 10000 TEU vessels.
Net cash flows from financing activities were $62.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, an increase in cash from financing activities of $243.9 million, compared to 2012. The increase in cash from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to the prior year, was primarily due to an increase in proceeds from share issuances and net draws on credit facilities as well as lower share repurchases, partially offset by higher debt repayments and financing fees. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we received $73.2 million from the issuance of Class A common shares and $47.9 million from the issuance of Series D preferred shares, compared to $74.7 million from the issuance of Series D preferred shares in the prior year. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we used $9.0 million to repurchase Series C preferred shares compared to the use of $172.8 million to repurchase Class A common shares in 2012. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2013, net draws on our credit facilities increased due primarily to the full drawdown of our $125.0
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million facility entered into in December 2013, which was partially offset by an increase in debt repayments of $22.8 million and an increase in financing fees associated with our new loan facilities of $19.5 million, compared to the prior year.
Investing Cash Flows
Net cash flows used in investing activities were $538.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase in cash used of $242.9 million, compared to 2013. The increase in cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to the prior year, was due primarily to an increase in loans to GCI related primarily to newbuilding installment payments paid by us on behalf of GCI, an increase in vessel expenditures due to the increased size of our newbuilding fleet and an increase in purchases of other assets. The increases in cash used were partially offset by cash flows from the release of restricted cash associated with the early termination of the lease financing structure for five 4500 TEU vessels and a reduction in cash used to purchase short-term investments.
Net cash flows used in investing activities were $295.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, which represents an increase in cash used of $65.6 million compared to 2012. The increase in cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to the prior year, was due primarily to an increase in loans to GCI for vessel installments paid by us on behalf of GCI, an increase in vessel expenditures primarily related to first installments on our newbuilding containerships and the purchase of two secondhand vessels, as well as a reduction of cash related to the acquisition of our Manager. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we paid first installments on 13 of our newbuilds while in the prior year we completed delivery installments on three of our vessels. We acquired $23.9 million of cash as part of the acquisition of our Manager in 2012, but there was no comparable amount in 2013. These increases in cash used were partially offset by the proceeds from maturity of short term investments.
Ongoing Capital Expenditures and Dividends
The average age of the vessels in our operating fleet is approximately seven years. Capital expenditures primarily relate to our regularly scheduled dry-dockings. In 2014 we completed 10 dry-dockings, compared to five dry-dockings in 2013. In 2014, a total of 10 vessels dry-docked, of which eight underwent their first five-year dry-docking and two underwent their 10-year dry-docking. In 2015, we expect 12 vessels, five vessels and four vessels to undergo their five-year, 10-year and 15-year dry-dockings, respectively.
We must make substantial capital expenditures over the long-term to preserve our capital base, which is comprised of our net assets, to continue to refinance our indebtedness and to maintain our dividends. We will likely need to retain additional funds at some time in the future to provide reasonable assurance of maintaining our capital base over the long-term. We believe it is not possible to determine now, with any reasonable degree of certainty, how much of our operating cash flow we should retain in our business and when it should be retained to preserve our capital base. Factors that will impact our decisions regarding the amount of funds to be retained in our business to preserve our capital base, include the following:
| the remaining lives of our vessels; |
| the returns that we generate on our retained cash flow, which will depend on the economic terms of any future acquisitions and charters, which are currently unknown; |
| future market charter rates for our vessels, particularly when they come off-charter, which are currently unknown; |
| future operating and interest costs; |
| future operating and financing costs are unknown and we use forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps to manage certain currency and interest rate risks; |
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| our future refinancing requirements and alternatives and conditions in the relevant financing and capital markets at that time; |
| capital expenditures to comply with environmental regulations; and |
| unanticipated future events and other contingencies. Please read Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk Factors. |
Our board of directors will periodically consider these factors in determining our need to retain funds rather than pay them out as dividends. Unless we are successful in making acquisitions with outside sources of financing that add a material amount to our cash available for retention in our business or unless our board of directors concludes that we will likely be able to re-charter our fleet upon expiration of existing charters at rates higher than the rates in our current charters, our board of directors will likely determine at some future date to reduce, or possibly eliminate, our dividend for reasonable assurance that we are retaining the funds necessary to preserve our capital base.
The following dividends were paid or accrued:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
(in thousands of USD, except per share amounts) | ||||||||
Dividends on Class A common shares |
||||||||
Declared, per share |
$ | 1.3475 | $ | 1.1875 | ||||
Paid in cash |
62,310 | 44,379 | ||||||
Reinvested in common shares through a dividend reinvestment program |
64,696 | 31,961 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 127,006 | $ | 76,340 | |||||
|
|
|
|
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Dividends on preferred shares |
||||||||
Series A, accrued(1) |
$ | 3,395 | $ | 38,390 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Series C, paid in cash |
$ | 32,456 | $ | 33,058 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Series D, paid in cash |
$ | 10,146 | $ | 5,435 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Series E, paid in cash |
$ | 7,951 | $ | | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | On January 30, 2014, our Series A preferred shares converted into a total of 23,177,175 Class A common shares. |
Our board of directors has adopted a progressive dividend policy aimed at increasing our dividends on our Class A common shares in a manner that preserves our long-term financial strength and ability to expand our fleet. We expect this policy to increase dividends paid to holders of our Class A common shares. For more information, please read Item 8. Financial InformationA. Financial Statements and Other Financial InformationDividend Policy.
Dividends on our Series C preferred shares accrue at a rate of 9.5% per annum. This rate is subject to adjustment pursuant to our articles of incorporation. Dividends on our Series D and E preferred shares accrue at a rate per annum of 7.95% and 8.25%, respectively.
D. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates in the application of our accounting policies based on our best assumptions, judgments and opinions. Our estimates affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related
67
disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties.
Senior management has discussed with our audit committee the development, selection and disclosure of accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Amortization of Dry-Docking Activities
We defer costs incurred for dry-docking activities until the next scheduled dry-docking. Dry-docking of our vessels is performed every five years and includes major overhaul activities that are comprehensive and all encompassing. We have adopted the deferral method of accounting for dry-dock activities whereby costs incurred are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period until the next scheduled dry-dock activity.
The major components of routine dry-docking costs include: (a) yard costs, which may include riggers, pilot/tugs, yard fees, hull painting service, deck repairs (such as steel work, anchors, chains, valves, tanks, and hatches) and engine components (such as shafts, thrusters, propeller, rudder, main engine and auxiliary machinery); (b) non-yard costs which include the paint, technician service costs and parts ordered specifically for dry-dock; and (c) other costs associated with communications, pilots, tugs, survey fees, port fees and classification fees.
Repairs and maintenance normally performed on an operational vessel either at port or at sea are limited to repairs to specific damages caused by a particular incident or normal wear and tear, or minor maintenance to minimize the wear and tear to the vessel. Above the water line repairs, minor deck maintenance and equipment repairs may be performed to the extent the operations and safety of the crew and vessel are not compromised. All repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Vessel Lives
The carrying value of each of our vessels represents its original cost at the time of delivery or purchase, including acquisition costs directly attributable to the vessel and expenditures made to prepare the vessel for its initial voyage, less accumulated depreciation. We depreciate our vessels using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Secondhand vessels are depreciated from the date of their acquisition through their remaining estimated useful life. We review the estimate of our vessels useful lives on an ongoing basis to ensure they reflect current technology, service potential, and vessel structure. We estimate the useful life of the vessels will be 30 years from the date of initial completion. Should certain factors or circumstances cause us to revise our estimate of vessel service lives in the future, depreciation expense could be materially lower or higher. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the extent of cash flows generated from future charter arrangements, changes in international shipping requirements, and other factors, many of which are outside of our control.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable, which occurs when the assets carrying value is greater than the undiscounted future cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining useful life. Examples of such events or changes in circumstances related to our long-lived assets include, among others: a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the assets value, including an adverse
68
action or assessment by a foreign government that impacts the use of the asset; or a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the assets use. If there has been a general decline in the market value of vessels, we analyze our vessels for impairment to the extent that the decline in market value is expected to impact the future cash flows of the vessel. In cases where the vessel being analyzed is under a long-term time charter contract, a decline in the current market value of the vessel may not impact the recoverability of its carrying value.
If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of an asset, excluding interest charges, expected to be generated by the use of the asset over its useful life exceeds the assets carrying value, no impairment is recognized even though the fair value of the asset may be lower than its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the net book value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is calculated as the net present value of estimated future cash flows, which, in certain circumstances, will approximate the estimated market value of the vessel.
Estimates
Our estimates of future cash flows involve assumptions about future charter rates, vessel utilization, operating expenses, dry-docking expenditures, vessel residual values and the remaining estimated useful lives of our vessels.
Revenue assumptions are based on contracted time charter rates up to the end of the life of the current contract of each vessel, as well as an estimated time charter rate for the remaining life of the vessel after the completion of its current contract. The estimated time charter rates for non-contracted revenue days are based on 10-year average time charter rates incorporating historical time charter rate data from an independent third-party maritime research service provider, as well as recent market charter rates relevant to future periods.
Our estimates of vessel utilization, including estimated off-hire time for dry-docking, off-hire time between time charters and equipment or machinery breakdown, are based on historical experience.
Our estimates of operating expenses are based on historical and budgeted operating and dry-docking costs and our expectations of future inflation and operating requirements. Expenses, including dry-dock expenses, are impacted by the economic conditions of our industry, including, among other things, crewing costs, insurance and bunker costs and availability of shipyards for dry-docking.
Vessel residual values are a product of a vessels lightweight tonnage and an estimated scrap rate which takes into consideration historical average scrap prices based on information from third-party maritime research services. Although we believe that the assumptions used to determine the scrap rate are reasonable and appropriate, such assumptions are highly subjective because of the cyclical nature of future demand for scrap steel.
The remaining lives of our vessels used in our estimates of future cash flows are consistent with those used in our calculations of depreciation.
In our experience, certain assumptions relating to our estimates of future cash flows are more predictable by their nature, including estimated revenue under existing contract terms and remaining vessel life. Certain assumptions relating to our estimates of future cash flows require more judgment and are inherently less predictable, such as future charter rates beyond the firm period of existing contracts, ongoing operating costs and vessel residual values, due to factors such as the volatility in vessel charter rates and vessel values. We believe the assumptions used to estimate future cash flows of our vessels are reasonable at the time they are made. We can make no assurances however, as to whether our estimates of future cash flows, particularly future vessel charter rates or vessel values, will be accurate.
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Impairment Analysis
Based on current market conditions, we intend to continue to hold and operate our vessels. Based on our analysis, we believe the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows for each vessel were in excess of each vessels carrying value, and accordingly, no impairment was recorded for vessels held for use as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
The following table presents information with respect to the carrying amount of the vessels owned by us and indicates whether their estimated charter-free market values are below their carrying values as of December 31, 2014. The charter-free market value of each of our vessels does not necessarily represent its fair value or the amount that could be obtained if the vessel was sold. The charter-free valuations assume that our vessels are in good and seaworthy condition without need for repair, and, if inspected, they would be certified in class without notations of any kind. In addition, because vessel values can be highly volatile, these estimates may not be indicative of either the current or future prices that we could achieve if we were to sell any of the vessels. We would not record an impairment for any of the vessels for which the charter-free market value is below its carrying value unless and until we either decide to sell the vessel for a loss, or determine that the vessels carrying amount is not recoverable. We believe that the projected undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying values for those vessels that have carrying values in excess of the charter-free market values as of December 31, 2014 and, accordingly, have not recorded an impairment charge.
Vessel Name |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Year Built | Year Purchased | Vessel Carrying Value at December 31, 2014(1) (in millions of USD) |
Vessel Carrying Value at December 31, 2013 (in millions of USD) |
|||||||||||||||
COSCO Glory |
13100 | 2011 | 2011 | $ | 154.1 | $ | 159.5 | |||||||||||||
COSCO Pride |
13100 | 2011 | 2011 | 155.2 | 160.6 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Development |
13100 | 2011 | 2011 | 156.0 | 161.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Harmony |
13100 | 2011 | 2011 | 155.9 | 161.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Excellence |
13100 | 2012 | 2012 | 160.3 | 165.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Faith |
13100 | 2012 | 2012 | 160.4 | 165.5 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Hope |
13100 | 2012 | 2012 | 159.9 | 164.9 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Fortune |
13100 | 2012 | 2012 | 160.2 | 165.3 | |||||||||||||||
Hanjin Buddha |
10000 | 2014 | 2014 | 100.2 | | |||||||||||||||
Hanjin Namu |
10000 | 2014 | 2014 | 100.4 | | |||||||||||||||
Hanjin Tabul |
10000 | 2014 | 2014 | 100.3 | | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Zeebrugge |
9600 | 2007 | 2007 | 88.6 | 92.0 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Long Beach |
9600 | 2007 | 2007 | 90.1 | 93.1 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Oceania |
8500 | 2004 | 2004 | 52.4 | 54.5 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Africa |
8500 | 2005 | 2005 | 52.7 | 54.9 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Japan |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 108.5 | 112.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Korea |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 108.7 | 112.5 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Philippines |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 108.8 | 112.7 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Malaysia |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 109.2 | 113.1 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Indonesia |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 109.8 | 113.6 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Thailand |
8500 | 2010 | 2010 | 111.9 | 115.8 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Prince Rupert |
8500 | 2011 | 2011 | 114.4 | 118.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Vietnam |
8500 | 2011 | 2011 | 114.7 | 118.6 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Emerald |
5100 | 2009 | 2009 | 67.3 | 69.8 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Eminence |
5100 | 2009 | 2009 | 68.2 | 70.6 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Emissary |
5100 | 2009 | 2009 | 68.6 | 71.0 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Empire |
5100 | 2010 | 2010 | 69.2 | 71.5 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Excellence |
4600 | 2003 | 2013 | 23.0 | 23.9 | |||||||||||||||
MOL Efficiency |
4600 | 2003 | 2013 | 23.2 | 24.0 | |||||||||||||||
Brotonne Bridge |
4500 | 2010 | 2010 | 82.9 | 85.8 |
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Vessel Name |
Vessel Class (TEU) |
Year Built | Year Purchased | Vessel Carrying Value at December 31, 2014(1) (in millions of USD) |
Vessel Carrying Value at December 31, 2013 (in millions of USD) |
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Brevik Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 2011 | 84.3 | 87.2 | |||||||||||||||
Bilbao Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 2011 | 83.7 | 86.7 | |||||||||||||||
Berlin Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 2011 | 86.4 | 89.4 | |||||||||||||||
Budapest Bridge |
4500 | 2011 | 2011 | 88.1 | 91.1 | |||||||||||||||
Seaspan Hamburg |
4250 | 2001 | 2001 | 25.3 | 26.1 | |||||||||||||||
Seaspan Chiwan |
4250 | 2001 | 2001 | 25.9 | 27.1 | |||||||||||||||
Seaspan Ningbo |
4250 | 2002 | 2002 | 28.0 | 29.0 | |||||||||||||||
Seaspan Dalian |
4250 | 2002 | 2002 | 29.0 | 29.7 | |||||||||||||||
Seaspan Felixstowe |
4250 | 2002 | 2002 | 29.3 | 30.0 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Vancouver |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 28.9 | 30.1 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Sydney |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 29.3 | 30.5 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL New York |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 29.4 | 30.6 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Melbourne |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 37.8 | 39.3 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Brisbane |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 37.8 | 39.4 | |||||||||||||||
New Delhi Express |
4250 | 2005 | 2005 | 41.0 | 42.6 | |||||||||||||||
Dubai Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 41.3 | 43.0 | |||||||||||||||
Jakarta Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 41.5 | 43.2 | |||||||||||||||
Saigon Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 41.7 | 43.4 | |||||||||||||||
Lahore Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 42.2 | 43.9 | |||||||||||||||
Rio Grande Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 42.7 | 44.4 | |||||||||||||||
Santos Express |
4250 | 2006 | 2006 | 42.8 | 44.5 | |||||||||||||||
Rio de Janeiro Express |
4250 | 2007 | 2007 | 43.8 | 45.3 | |||||||||||||||
Manila Express |
4250 | 2007 | 2007 | 43.7 | 45.4 | |||||||||||||||
CSAV Loncomilla(2) |
4250 | 2009 | 2009 | 53.6 | 55.1 | |||||||||||||||
CSAV Lumaco(2) |
4250 | 2009 | 2009 | 53.2 | 54.9 | |||||||||||||||
CSAV Lingue(2) |
4250 | 2010 | 2010 | 55.4 | 57.2 | |||||||||||||||
CSAV Lebu(2) |
4250 | 2010 | 2010 | 55.7 | 57.3 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Fuzhou |
3500 | 2007 | 2007 | 38.5 | 40.0 | |||||||||||||||
COSCO Yingkou |
3500 | 2007 | 2007 | 39.2 | 40.8 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Panama(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 34.9 | 36.2 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL São Paulo(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 35.3 | 36.5 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Montevideo(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 35.4 | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Lima(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 35.4 | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Santiago(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 35.4 | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL San Jose(2) |
2500 | 2008 | 2008 | 35.5 | 36.8 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Callao(2) |
2500 | 2009 | 2009 | 36.0 | 37.2 | |||||||||||||||
CSCL Manzanillo(2) |
2500 | 2009 | 2009 | 36.5 | 37.8 | |||||||||||||||
Guayaquil Bridge(2) |
2500 | 2010 | 2010 | 37.2 | 38.6 | |||||||||||||||
Calicanto Bridge(2) |
2500 | 2010 | 2010 | 37.5 | 38.8 | |||||||||||||||
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|
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Total |
$ | 4,813.7 | $ | 4,670.9 |
(1) | At December 31, 2014, except for the CSCL Africa and the CSCL Oceania, the charter-free market value is lower than the vessels carrying value. The aggregate carrying value of those vessels whose charter-free market value is lower than its carrying value is $4.7 billion. The estimated aggregate charter-free market value of these vessels is $2.8 billion. Although the charter-free market values are lower than the carrying values of those vessels, we expect the difference would be less using charter-attached values since the majority of those vessels are on long-term time charters. Based on our assumptions discussed above, the projected undiscounted future cash flows for each of those vessels exceed the carrying values of the vessel at December 31, 2014. |
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(2) | As of December 31, 2014, we believe that all of our vessels will recover their carrying value through the end of their useful lives, based on their estimated undiscounted future cash flows calculated in accordance with our impairment assessment. However, certain of our 4250 TEU vessels and our 2500 TEU vessels are considered to be at a higher risk for future impairment as the excess of their estimated undiscounted future cash flows over their carrying value is lower than the remainder of the fleet. The aggregate carrying value of these vessels is $577.0 million and their estimated aggregate charter-free market value is $254.0 million. |
Goodwill
We allocate the cost of acquired companies to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired, with the remaining amount being classified as goodwill. Our future operating performance may be affected by the potential impairment charges related to goodwill. Accordingly, the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill may significantly affect our future operating results. Goodwill is not amortized, but reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis.
The allocation of the purchase price of acquired companies requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows expected to be generated by the acquired assets and the appropriate discount rate to value these cash flows. In addition, the process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. The fair value of our reporting units is estimated based on discounted expected future cash flows using a weighted-average cost of capital rate. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected cash flows and the appropriate discount rates require considerable judgment and are based upon existing contracts, historical experience, financial forecasts and industry trends and conditions.
Our goodwill of $75.3 million that resulted from our January 2012 acquisition of our Manager, which is tested annually for impairment, was tested for impairment at November 30, 2014. Based on the results of this test, the discounted cash flows substantially exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit, which is considered to be our business as a whole. Key assumptions that impact the fair value of the reporting unit include our ability to utilize the vessels in the fleet and the charter rates the vessels earn when employed. Other key assumptions include the operating life of our vessels and our cost of capital.
Derivative Instruments
Our hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swap and swaption agreements have been entered into to reduce our exposure to market risks from changing interest rates. We recognize the interest rate swap and swaption agreements on the balance sheet at their fair values.
The fair values of the interest rate swap and swaption agreements have been calculated by discounting the future cash flows of both the fixed rate and variable rate interest rate payments. The interest rate payments and discount rates were derived from a yield curve created by nationally recognized financial institutions adjusted for the associated credit risk related to the credit risk of the counterparties or our non-performance risk. The inputs used to determine the fair values of these agreements are readily observable. Accordingly, we have classified the fair value of the interest rate swap and swaption agreements within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as defined by U.S. GAAP. Changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps are recorded in earnings.
We evaluate whether any of the previously hedged interest payments are remote of occurring. We have concluded that the previously hedged interest payments are not remote of occurring. Therefore, unrealized gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with the previously designated interest rate swaps are recognized in earnings when and where the interest payments are recognized. If such interest payments were to be identified as being remote of occurring, the accumulated other comprehensive income balance pertaining to these amounts would be reversed through earnings immediately.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, that introduced a new five-step revenue recognition model to be used to determine how an entity should recognize revenue related to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services. This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Glossary
We use a variety of operational terms and concepts in this Annual Report. These include the following:
Annual Survey. The inspection of a vessel pursuant to international conventions, by a classification society surveyor, on behalf of the flag state, that takes place every year.
Ballast. A voyage during which the ship is not laden with cargo.
Bareboat Charter. A charter of a vessel under which the shipowner is usually paid a fixed amount for a certain period of time during which the charterer is responsible for the vessel operating expenses, including crewing, and voyage expenses of the vessel and for the management of the vessel. A bareboat charter is also known as a demise charter or a time charter by demise.
Bunkers. Heavy fuel and diesel oil used to power a vessels engines.
Charter. The hire of a vessel for a specified period of time or a particular voyage to carry a cargo from a loading port to a discharging port. The contract for a charter is commonly called a charterparty.
Charterer. The party that charters a vessel.
Charter hire. A sum of money paid to the shipowner by a charterer for the use of a ship. Charter hire paid under a voyage charter is also known as freight.
Classification society. An independent organization that certifies that a vessel has been built and maintained according to the organizations rules for that type of vessel and complies with the applicable rules and regulations of the flag state and the international conventions of which that country is a member. A vessel that receives its certification is referred to as being in-class.
Dry-docking. The removal of a vessel from the water for inspection and, if needed, repair of those parts of a vessel that are below the water line. During dry-dockings, which are required to be carried out periodically, certain mandatory classification society inspections are carried out and relevant certifications are issued. Dry-dockings for containerships are generally required once every five years, one of which must be a special survey.
Flag State. The country of a vessels registry.
Hire rate. The payment to the shipowner from the charterer for the use of the vessel.
Hull. Shell or body of a vessel.
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IMO. International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency that issues international standards for shipping.
Intermediate survey. The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that takes place 24 to 36 months after each special survey.
Newbuilding. A new ship under construction or just completed.
Off-charter. The period in which a vessel is not in service under a time charter and, accordingly, we do not receive hire.
Off-hire. The period in which a vessel is not available for service under a time charter and, accordingly, the charterer generally is not required to pay the hire rate. Off-hire periods can include days spent on repairs, dry-docking and surveys, whether or not scheduled.
Protection and indemnity insurance. Insurance obtained through a mutual association formed by shipowners to provide liability indemnification protection from various liabilities to which they are exposed in the course of their business, and which spreads the liability costs of each member by requiring contribution by all members in the event of a loss.
Scrapping. The sale of a ship as scrap metal.
Ship operating expense. The costs of operating a vessel, primarily consisting of crew wages and associated costs, insurance premiums, management fee, lubricants and spare parts, and repair and maintenance costs. Ship operating expenses exclude fuel cost, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues and extra war risk insurance, as well as commissions, which are included in voyage expenses.
Special survey. The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that takes place every five years, as part of the recertification of the vessel by a classification society.
Spot market. The market for immediate chartering of a vessel, usually for single voyages.
TEU. Twenty-foot equivalent unit, the international standard measure for containers and containership capacity.
Time charter. A charter under which the shipowner hires out a vessel for a specified period of time. The shipowner is responsible for providing the crew and paying vessel operating expenses, while the charterer is responsible for paying the voyage expenses and additional voyage insurance. The shipowner is paid the hire rate, which accrues on a daily basis.
Voyage expenses. Expenses incurred due to a ships traveling from a loading port to a discharging port, such as fuel (bunkers) cost, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues, extra war risk insurance and commissions.
Vessel operating expenses. The costs of operating a vessel, primarily consisting of crew wages and associated costs, insurance premiums, management fees, lubricants and spare parts, and repair and maintenance costs.
E. Research and Development
Not applicable.
F. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As at December 31, 2014, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
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G. Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2014, our long-term undiscounted contractual obligations consist of the following:
Payments Due by Period (in thousands of USD) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 Years |
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Fixed-rate long-term debt obligations |
$ | 466,105 | $ | 12,772 | $ | 30,045 | $ | 370,545 | $ | 52,743 | ||||||||||
Variable-rate long-term debt obligations(1) |
2,916,315 | 285,238 | 456,538 | 751,153 | 1,423,386 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations for additional vessels |
1,054,091 | 651,469 | 402,622 | | | |||||||||||||||
Lease obligations(2) |
261,283 | 20,226 | 46,431 | 47,832 | 146,794 | |||||||||||||||
Operating leases(3) |
328,331 | 32,794 | 66,583 | 65,910 | 163,044 | |||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 5,026,125 | $ | 1,002,499 | $ | 1,002,219 | $ | 1,235,440 | $ | 1,785,967 | ||||||||||
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(1) | Represents principal payments on amounts drawn on our credit facilities that bear interest at variable rates of LIBOR or KEXIM plus margins ranging from 0.35% to 4.75% per annum. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements under certain of our credit facilities to swap the variable interest rates for fixed interest rates ranging from 5.0275% to 5.945% per annum. For purposes of this table, principal payments are determined based on contractual repayments in commitment reduction schedules for each related facility. The amounts exclude expected interest payments of $50.5 million (less than 1 year), $89.2 million (1-3 years), $65.4 million (3-5 years) and $65.8 million (more than 5 years). Expected interest payments are based on LIBOR plus margins at December 31, 2014. The expected interest payments do not reflect the effect of related interest rate swaps that we have used as an economic hedge of certain of our variable-rate debt. |
(2) | Represents payments, including expected interest payments, on amounts drawn on our lease facilities that bear interest at variable rates of LIBOR plus margins ranging from 2.60% to 3.00% per annum. Expected interest payments are based on LIBOR plus margins at the date our lease facilities were entered into. |
(3) | Represents payments under our operating leases for vessels and office space. We entered into sale-leaseback transactions for certain of our vessels where the lease term commenced upon the delivery dates of the vessels. These operating lease payments include expected interest payments that bear interest at variable rates of LIBOR plus margins ranging from 1.50% to 3.00% per annum. Expected interest payments are based on either LIBOR plus margins at the date our operating leases were entered into, or at December 31, 2014. |
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Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees |
A. Directors, Senior Management and Key Employees
Our directors, senior management and key employees as of February 28, 2015, and their ages as of December 31, 2014 are listed below:
Name |
Age |
Position | ||
Kyle R. Washington |
44 | Co-Chairman of the board of directors and Co-Founder | ||
Gerry Wang |
52 | Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chairman of the board of directors and Co-Founder | ||
Peter Curtis |
56 | Chief Operating Officer | ||
Sai W. Chu |
48 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Mark Chu |
47 | General Counsel and Director of Corporate Finance | ||
Rob Grool |
57 | President, Fleet Management of Seaspan Ship Management Limited (SSML) | ||
John C. Hsu |
51 | Director | ||
George H. Juetten |
67 | Director | ||
Harald H. Ludwig |
60 | Director | ||
David Lyall |
58 | Director | ||
Nicholas Pitts-Tucker |
63 | Director | ||
Graham Porter |
44 | Director and Co-Founder | ||
Peter S. Shaerf |
60 | Deputy Chair of the board of directors |
Kyle R. Washington. Kyle R. Washington was appointed as chairman of the board in May 2005 and in February 2011 became co-chairman with Gerry Wang. From 2005 to 2011 he served as chairman of our Manager, Seaspan Marine Services Ltd., and certain of our Managers operating subsidiaries. From 1998 to 2006, Mr. Washington was a director and executive chairman of Seaspan ULC (formerly Washington Marine Group), a marine transportation company that is involved in shipdocking, barging and shipyard enterprises. From 2007 to 2010, Mr. Washington was a general partner in CopperLion Capital, a private equity fund. In 2009, Mr. Washington returned as a director and executive chairman of Seaspan ULC and was appointed as a director of Envirocon, Inc., Modern Machinery Co., Inc., Montana Rail Link, Inc., Montana Resources, Inc. and Southern Railway of British Columbia, Ltd., all of which are within the Washington Companies. Mr. Washington was an ambassador to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and is an active supporter of many charitable organizations. He is a graduate of the University of Montana with a degree in business administration.
Gerry Wang. Gerry Wang was appointed as our chief executive officer and elected as a director in May 2005, and as co-chairman of our board of directors in February 2011. Mr. Wang joined the Offshore Division of Seaspan Marine Corporation in early 1990. Mr. Wang was appointed as a director of our Manager in August 2005 and also serves as a director and officer of certain of our Managers operating subsidiaries. In 2011, he was elected as lead director of MagIndustries Corp. and as the chairman of the board of managers of GCI. From 1986 to 1989, Mr. Wang was the business manager for China Merchants Group in Hong Kong. He graduated from Shanghai Maritime University with a Bachelors degree in Navigation, and he earned a Masters degree in International Economics under the sponsorship program of the United Nations Economic and Social Council Asia Pacific. He also obtained his Master of Science in Business Administration degree from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
Peter Curtis. Peter Curtis was appointed as our chief operating officer in February 2012. He is responsible for ship building programs, overall operations and commercial management of the vessels managed by our Manager, including our vessels. From 2001 to 2012, Mr. Curtis was vice president of SSML. From 1981 to 1989, Mr. Curtis served in the South African Navy, where he attained the rank of Lt. Commander in charge of the submarine maintenance facility and design office. From 1989 to 1991, he was an associate with a firm of engineering consultants in Cape Town, working on offshore and naval architectural projects, such as offshore oil
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and gas as well as other marine projects. From 1991 to 1999, Mr. Curtis was with Safmarine Container Lines, where he was responsible for the operations of a mixed fleet of containerships, handy-size and cape-size bulkcarriers and also oversaw a number of new building programs. Prior to joining SSML in 2001, Mr. Curtis was based in Cyprus for two years with Columbia Ship Management as technical director. Mr. Curtis has served on the board of directors of The North England P&I Association Ltd. since 2012. In 1981, he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in. Mechanical Engineering degree at Natal University in Durban, South Africa. Mr. Curtis also obtained his Masters degree in Naval Architecture from University College in London, England and his Bachelor of Science in business from Stellenbosch University in South Africa.
Sai W. Chu. Sai W. Chu was appointed as our chief financial officer in June 2007. Mr. Chu was appointed chief financial officer of Seaspan Container Lines Limited, or SCLL, in May 2005 and has served as a director and/or executive officer of certain of our Managers operating subsidiaries since May 2005, after joining SSML as corporate controller in September 2004 and the Washington Marine Group as corporate controller in April 2004. From 2000 to April 2004, he was controller of Datawest Solutions Inc., a technology provider of banking and payment solutions. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Chu was manager, financial reporting, of BC Gas Inc. (now Fortis BC Inc.), a natural gas and oil transmission and distribution utility. From 1995 to 1998, he was the assistant corporate controller with Imperial Parking Limited, an integrated parking management company with operations in Asia and North America. All of Mr. Chus previous employers subsequent to 1995 and prior to joining us were companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Mr. Chu qualified as a chartered accountant in 1992 having articled with KPMG LLPs Vancouver office and also qualified as a certified management accountant in 1990.
Mark Chu. Mark Chu was appointed as our general counsel and director of corporate finance in March 2012 and secretary in July 2013. From 2009 to 2012, Mr. Chu was a partner in the law firm Farris, Vaughan, Wills & Murphy LLP. From 2004 to 2009 he was a tax partner at KPMG LLP. His practice encompassed all areas of Canadian taxation, including mergers and acquisitions, financings, initial public offerings, corporate reorganizations and dispute resolution. Mr. Chu is both a chartered accountant, admitted as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants in 1993, and a barrister and solicitor, called to the British Columbia bar in 1997. Mr. Chu obtained his business and law degrees from the University of British Columbia.
Rob Grool. Rob Grool was appointed president, fleet management of SSML in February 2012. Mr. Grool started his career with shipowners Vroon in Breskens, Holland, and built, operated and chartered livestock carriers for Saudi Livestock Transport & Trading in Saudi Arabia between 1982 and 1987. He was subsequently appointed fleet manager at Van Nievelt Goudriaan & Co in Rotterdam. In 1991, Mr. Grool joined third-party ship manager and managing owners Hanseatic Shipping Co. (part of the Schulte Group) in Cyprus as the technical director, and was later appointed a joint managing director. In 2002, he joined the Wallem Group Ltd. in Hong Kong, where he was group managing director until December 2011, overseeing a fleet of approximately 350 ships, including tankers, bulkers, containerships, car carriers and reefer ships. Mr. Grool obtained a Masters degree in marine engineering and maritime economy from Delft University of Technology in Holland.
John C. Hsu. John C. Hsu was appointed director in April 2008 and is co-chair of the compensation and governance committee. Mr. Hsus family has been in the business of owning and operating bulkers, tankers, and specialized ships for generations through entities such as Sincere Navigation Corp. (Taiwan-listed) and Oak Maritime, Inc., for which he currently serves as a director. Since 1993, Mr. Hsu has been responsible for managing the Hsu familys investment portfolio, consisting of publicly-listed securities, hedge funds, and private equity investments with their family office, OSS Capital. Also, he is currently a director of Isola Capital, based in Hong Kong which manages direct investments in Asian private equity. From 2008 to 2012, he was chairman of a Taiwanese private company, TSSI Inc. (a surveillance IC solutions provider). From 2003 to 2010, Mr. Hsu was partner of Ajia Partners, one of Asias largest privately-owned alternative investment firms. From 1998 to 2002, he was chief investment officer of Matrix Global Investments, a hedge fund in U.S.-listed technology companies. Mr. Hsu received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Colgate University and his Masters of Business Administration degree from Columbia University, and is fluent in Japanese and Mandarin.
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George H. Juetten. George H. Juetten was elected by our Series A preferred shareholders as a director on July 25, 2009 and has served as chair of our audit committee since September 19, 2009. On January 30, 2014, the date of conversion of all of the Series A preferred shares into our common shares and termination of the right of the Series A preferred shareholders to appoint Mr. Juetten to our board, the board of directors appointed Mr. Juetten as a Class I director to serve until the 2015 annual meeting of shareholders. Prior to Mr. Juetten serving on our board of directors, he was executive vice president and chief financial officer of Washington Group International (URS Corporation) from 2001 to 2008. Washington Group International was an integrated engineering, construction and management services company that was listed on NYSE. Prior to that, Mr. Juetten was with Dresser Industries, Inc. (Halliburton Company), a NYSE company that provided technology, products and services for developing energy and natural resources. He served as vice president controller from 1993 to 1996 and as executive vice president and chief financial officer from 1996 to 1999. Mr. Juetten was with Price Waterhouse from 1969 to 1993 and became an audit partner in 1980, serving in several jurisdictions including a three-year tour of duty in The Hague. He is a trustee of St. Alphonsus Regional Medical Centre and a director of the Boise State University Foundation. Mr. Juetten received a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Harald H. Ludwig. Harald H. Ludwig has served as a director since August 2012 and is a member of the conflicts committee. Mr. Ludwig has over 30 years of extensive business and investment experience, including as president of Macluan Capital Corporation (a diversified private equity investment company), as a director and former co-chairman of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., and as a director of West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd. Mr. Ludwig is also a founding partner or private equity investor in a number of North American and international private equity firms, hedge funds, mezzanine lenders, growth capital providers, distressed investment firms and real estate investment vehicles. He is a member of the Advisory Board of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC and a governor of the British Columbia Childrens Hospital Foundation. Mr. Ludwig graduated from Simon Fraser University and holds an L.L.B. from Osgoode Hall Law School.
David Lyall. David Lyall has served as a director since May 2012 and is a member of the conflicts committee. Mr. Lyall has more than 30 years of experience in the financial services industry and is currently the vice-chairman, a member of the board of directors and head of institutional sales at Haywood Securities Inc. Mr. Lyall began his career in 1979 as an investment advisor in Vancouver, British Columbia. From 1983 to 1998, he was vice-president and director in the institutional sales department at First Marathon Securities in Vancouver and was part of a team that developed First Marathons institutional sales department for Canada and the United States. In 1998, Mr. Lyall joined Haywood Securities Inc., a 100% employee-owned investment dealer with more than 300 employees in its Canadian offices in Vancouver, Calgary and Toronto, Canada, as well as in London, England. Haywood Securities Inc. is a member of the Toronto Stock Exchange, the TSX Venture Exchange, the Montreal Exchange, the Canadian National Stock Exchange, the Canadian Investor Protection Fund, and the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada. Haywood Securities has over $5 billion in assets under administration. Mr. Lyall graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of British Columbia in 1977.
Nicholas Pitts-Tucker. Nicholas Pitts-Tucker was appointed as a director in April 2010 and is co-chair of the compensation and governance committee. Mr. Pitts-Tucker joined Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in 1997, following 14 years at Deutsche Morgan Grenfell and over 10 years at Grindlays Bank Limited in Asia. At Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Mr. Pitts-Tucker served for 13 years with particular emphasis on project shipping and aviation finance in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. He also served on the board as an executive director of Sumitomo Masuí Banking Corporation Europe Limited, or SMBC Europe, and of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in Japan, or SMBC Japan. He retired from SMBC Europe and SMBC Japan in April 2010, and also retired as a non-executive director and as a member of the audit committee of SMBC Europe in April 2011. In December 2010, Mr. Pitts-Tucker was appointed as a director of Black Rock Frontier Investment Trust PLC, which is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a member of the audit committee. Mr. Pitts-Tucker is a member of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs, which was founded in 1901 to promote greater knowledge and
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understanding of Central Asia and countries from the Middle East to Japan. In August 2013, Mr. Pitts-Tucker was appointed as Governor of the University of Northampton (a leading university for the study of social enterprise in the United Kingdom). Mr. Pitts-Tucker has a Master of Arts degree from Christchurch, Oxford University and a Master of Business Administration from Cranfield University.
Graham Porter. Graham Porter was elected as a director in April 2010. Mr. Porter has also served as a director of our Manager and certain of its operating subsidiaries since August 2005, and served as an executive officer of such entities prior to our acquisition of our Manager in January 2012. In 2000, Mr. Porter was part of the senior management and equity team to form Seaspan Container Lines Ltd., established to own and operate deep-sea container vessels. Mr. Porter is chairman of Tiger Group, a Cayman Islands investment firm which, through affiliates, holds shares in us and in other shipping ventures. He graduated with a degree in business, major in transportation and logistics and minor in accounting, from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. Mr. Porter resides in Hong Kong.
Peter S. Shaerf. Peter S. Shaerf was elected as a director in August 2005 and is chair of the conflicts committee and during 2010 was chair of the compensation committee. Mr. Shaerf resigned as chair of the compensation committee upon his appointment as deputy chair of our board of directors in February 2011. Since 2002, Mr. Shaerf has been a Managing Director and partner at AMA Capital Partners, an investment bank and private equity firm specializing in the maritime industry. From 1998 until April 2002, Mr. Shaerf was a managing director of Poseidon Capital Corp., an independent maritime consulting and investment company that works extensively in the investment community. From 1980 to 2002, he was a partner of The Commonwealth Group, a brokerage and consulting company that specialized in the dry cargo and container markets. From 1977 to 1980, he was a director of Common Brothers U.S.A. Ltd., a shipbroking subsidiary of a British shipowner of dry cargo and tanker tonnage. He has served as a director of four publicly listed shipping companies. Currently Mr. Shaerf is a director of Interlink Maritime Corp., a Bermuda based owner of handysize bulkcarriers, and of Ocean Protection Services, a United Kingdom based maritime security company. He is the chairman emeritus and past chairman of New York Maritime Inc. (NYMAR), a leading global trade association that promotes New York as a maritime center, he is a member of the American Bureau of Shipping and a member of the finance subcommittee of the U.S. government sponsored Marine National Advisory Council. Mr. Shaerf holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in international business law from the London Metropolitan University.
B. Compensation
Compensation of Directors and Officers
Our non-employee directors receive cash and, as described below under Equity Incentive Plan, equity-based compensation.
In 2014, each non-employee member of our board of directors received an annual cash retainer of $60,000. Mr. Washington also received an additional $40,000 for his service during 2014 as co-chairman of our board of directors and Peter Shaerf received an additional $30,000 for his service during 2014 as deputy chairman of our board of directors. In addition, the chair of the audit committee received an annual payment of $20,000 and each member of the audit committee, including the chair, received an annual payment of $10,000 for the regular quarterly committee meetings. Each audit committee member received a payment of $1,500 for each additional committee meeting attended during the calendar year. The co-chairs of the compensation and governance committee each received an annual payment of $10,000 and each member of the compensation and governance committees, including the co-chairs, also received an annual payment of $10,000 for the regular quarterly committee meetings. Each compensation and governance committee member received a payment of $1,500 for each additional committee meetings attended during the calendar year. The chair of the conflicts committee received an annual payment of $20,000 and each member of the conflicts committee, including the chair, received an annual payment of $10,000 for the regular quarterly committee meetings. Each conflicts committee member received a payment of $1,500 for each additional committee meetings attended during the calendar year. All annual cash retainers and payments are payable in equal quarterly installments. Non-employee directors who
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attend committee meetings (other than the regularly scheduled quarterly meetings) at the invitation of the chair of the committee but who are not members of any such committee received a payment of $1,500 per meeting.
For 2014, our non-employee directors also received an annual retainer of $120,000 paid in restricted shares of our Class A common stock, as described below under Equity Incentive Plan.
Officers who also serve as directors do not receive compensation for their services as directors. Each director is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses incurred while attending any meeting of the board of directors or any committee.
During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we paid to our directors and management (13 persons in 2014 and 14 persons in 2013) aggregate cash compensation of approximately $4.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively. We do not have a retirement plan for members of our management team or our directors.
Prior to March 2011, Mr. Wang served as our chief executive officer and the chief executive officer of SSML pursuant to an employment agreement with SSML. In March 2011, in connection with our investment in GCI, Mr. Wangs agreement with SSML was amended and restated and we entered an employment agreement and a transaction services agreement with Mr. Wang. In December 2012, Mr. Wangs agreement with SSML was terminated and we entered into an amended and restated employment agreement and transaction services agreement with Mr. Wang. Mr. Wangs amended and restated employment agreement provides that he will receive an annual target performance bonus. For more information about Mr. Wangs employment agreement, including information about the award of SARs we granted to Mr. Wang in connection with the amended and restated employment agreement, please read Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party TransactionsB. Related Party TransactionsEmployment Agreement and Other Related Agreements with Gerry Wang.
Equity Incentive Plan
In December 2005, our board of directors adopted the Seaspan Corporation Stock Incentive Plan, or the Plan, under which our officers, employees and directors may be granted options, restricted shares, phantom share units, and other stock based awards as may be determined by our board of directors. A total of 2,000,000 common shares are reserved for issuance under the Plan, which is administered by our board of directors. The Plan will expire in December 2015. On January 1, 2014, each of our non-employee directors was awarded 5,492 restricted shares, which vested on January 1, 2015. In 2014, we also granted an aggregate of 70,000 phantom share units to our executive officers, other than our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, under the Plan. These grants are subject to a three-year annual vesting period which began on January 1, 2015.
SSML has a Cash and Share Bonus Plan under which its key employees may be granted awards comprised of 50% cash and 50% common shares of Seaspan issued under the Plan. The purpose of the Cash and Share Bonus Plan is to align the interests of SSMLs management with our interests, and the awards granted under the Cash and Share Bonus Plan are subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan (including the maximum number of issuable shares). Our executive officers who participate in the Plan are also eligible to participate in the Cash and Share Bonus Plan in their capacities as employees of SSML. In 2014, SSML granted awards to our executive officers comprised of an aggregate of $0.2 million cash and 19,672 common shares of Seaspan.
In 2013, the Company granted 1,664,457 SARs to certain members of management, or the Participants, which vest and become exercisable in three tranches when and if the fair market value of the common shares equals or exceeds the applicable base price for the applicable tranche for any 20 consecutive trading days on or before the expiration date of such tranche. The Participants may exercise each vested tranche of SARs and receive common shares with a value equal to the difference between the applicable base price and the fair market value of the common shares on the exercise date. The common shares received on the exercise of SARs are subject to a retention requirement where the Participant is required to retain ownership of 50% of the net after tax number of shares until the later of March 22, 2018 or 120 days after the exercise date. Please see note 14 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for additional information about outstanding SARs and phantom share units.
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The report of the compensation committee of our board of directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 will be included as part of our proxy statement, which will be filed with the SEC as a Report on Form 6-K.
C. Board Practices
General
As of February 28, 2015, our board of directors consists of nine members. The board of directors is divided into the following three classes, with members of each class elected to hold office for a term of three years in accordance with the classification indicated below and until his successor is elected and qualified:
| our Class I directors are Kyle R. Washington, George H. Juetten and Nicholas Pitts-Tucker and their term expires in 2015; |
| our Class II directors are Gerry Wang, Harald H. Ludwig and Graham Porter and their term expires in 2016; and |
| our Class III directors are Peter S. Shaerf, John C. Hsu and David Lyall and their term expires in 2017. |
Membership in each of the three classes gives effect to the board changes described in Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsA. GeneralManagements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations2014 Developments Conversion of Series A Preferred Shares.
Our board of directors has determined that each of the current members of the board of directors, other than Kyle R. Washington, Gerry Wang and Graham Porter, has no material relationship with us, either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with us, and is, therefore, independent from management.
Committees
The board of directors has the following three committees: audit committee, compensation and governance committee and conflicts committee. The membership of these committees and the function of each of the committees are described below. Each of our committees operates under a written charter adopted by our board of directors. All of the committee charters are available under Corporate Governance in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.seaspancorp.com.
During 2014, the board of directors held 10 meetings, the audit committee held five meetings, the compensation and governance committee held four meetings and the conflicts committee held 11 meetings.
Our audit committee is composed entirely of directors who currently satisfy applicable NYSE and SEC audit committee independence standards. Our audit committee members are George H. Juetten (chair), John C. Hsu and Nicholas Pitts-Tucker. All members of the committee are financially literate, and the board of directors has determined that Mr. Juetten qualifies as a financial expert. The audit committee assists the board of directors in fulfilling its responsibilities for general oversight of: the integrity of our consolidated financial statements; our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the independent auditors qualifications and independence; and the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditors.
Our compensation and governance committee is composed entirely of directors who satisfy applicable NYSE independence standards. Our compensation and governance committee members are John C. Hsu (co-chair), Nicholas Pitts-Tucker (co-chair), George H. Juetten and Peter S. Shaerf. The compensation and governance committee: (a) reviews, evaluates and approves our agreements, plans, policies and programs to compensate our officers and directors; (b) produces a report on executive compensation which is included in our proxy statement; (c) otherwise discharges the board of directors responsibilities relating to the compensation of our officers and directors; (d) assists the board of directors with corporate governance practices, evaluating
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director independence and periodic performance evaluations of the members of the board of directors and each committee; and (e) performs such other functions as the board of directors may assign to the committee from time to time.
Our conflicts committee is composed entirely of directors who satisfy applicable NYSE independence standards. Our conflicts committee members are Peter S. Shaerf (chair), Harald H. Ludwig, David Lyall and Nicholas Pitts-Tucker. The conflicts committee reviews and approves transactions between us and our directors, our officers and other related parties for potential conflicts of interest on an ongoing basis.
Exemptions from NYSE Corporate Governance Rules
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain corporate governance rules that apply to U.S. domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. The significant way in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. domestic companies is that in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of equity compensation plans, the board of directors approves such adoption.
Unlike domestic companies listed on the NYSE, foreign private issuers are not required to have a majority of independent directors and the standard for independence applicable to foreign private issuers may differ from the standard that is applicable to domestic issuers. Our board of directors has determined that six of our nine directors (being John C. Hsu, George H. Juetten, Harald H. Ludwig, David Lyall, Nicholas Pitts-Tucker and Peter S. Shaerf) satisfy the NYSEs independence standards for domestic companies.
U.S. domestic companies are required to have a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each comprised entirely of independent directors. Although as a foreign private issuer these rules do not apply to us, we have a compensation and governance committee that consists of four directors, all of whom satisfy applicable NYSE standards for independence for domestic companies.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2014, approximately 3,400 seagoing staff serve on the vessels that we manage and approximately 300 staff serve on shore.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common shares by:
| each of our current directors; |
| each of our current executive officers, senior management and key employees; and |
| all our current directors and all current executive officers, senior management and key employees as a group. |
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The information presented in the table is based on information filed with the SEC and on information provided to us prior to February 28, 2015.
Name of Beneficial Owner |
Common Shares |
Percentage
of Common Shares(1) |
||||||
Graham Porter(2) |
7,060,778 | 7.2 | % | |||||
Kyle R. Washington(3) |
6,340,149 | 6.5 | % | |||||
Gerry Wang(4) |
2,332,614 | 2.4 | % | |||||
Sai W. Chu |
* | * | ||||||
Peter S. Shaerf |
* | * | ||||||
George H. Juetten |
* | * | ||||||
Peter Curtis |
* | * | ||||||
John C. Hsu |
* | * | ||||||
Nicholas Pitts-Tucker(5) |
* | * | ||||||
David Lyall |
* | * | ||||||
Harald H. Ludwig |
* | * | ||||||
Mark Chu |
* | * | ||||||
Rob Grool |
* | * | ||||||
All directors, executive officers, senior management and key employees as a group (13 persons) |
16,395,707 | 16.8 | % |
(1) | Percentages are based on the 97,696,880 common shares that were issued and outstanding on February 28, 2015. |
(2) | The number of common shares shown for Mr. Porter includes common shares beneficially owned by Tiger Container Shipping Co. Ltd., or Tiger, as well as by certain members of his immediate family. Tiger is an investment holding company that is indirectly wholly-owned by Mr. Porter. This information is based on prior SEC filings and information provided to us by Mr. Porter on or about February 9, 2015. |
(3) | The number of common and shares shown for Kyle R. Washington includes shares beneficially or directly owned by Kyle R. Washington, as well as by the Kyle Roy Washington 2005 Irrevocable Trust u/a/d July 15, 2005 and The Kyle Roy Washington 2014 Trust. This information is based on prior SEC filings and information provided to us by Kyle R. Washington on or about February 11, 2015. |
(4) | The number of common shares shown for Mr. Wang includes shares beneficially or directly owned by Gerry Wang and by Gerry Wang Family Enterprises Ltd., a Hong Kong company. This information was provided to us by Mr. Wang on or about February 9, 2015. |
(5) | The number of common shares shown for Mr. Pitts-Tucker includes shares beneficially or directly owned by Nicholas Pitts-Tucker, as well as by certain members of his immediate family. This information was provided to us by Mr. Pitts-Tucker on or about January 20, 2015. |
(6) | Please see note 14 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for a description of SARs granted to our executive officers and senior management. |
* | Less than 1%. |
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Item 7. | Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions |
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common by each person known by us to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of the common shares. The information provided in the table is based on information filed with the SEC and on information provided to us prior on or about February 28, 2015.
Name of Beneficial Owner |
Common Shares |
Percentage
of Common Shares(1) |
||||||
Dennis R. Washington(2) |
37,909,576 | 38.8 | % | |||||
Graham Porter(3) |
7,060,778 | 7.2 | % | |||||
Copper Lion, Inc. (4) |
12,335,808 | 12.6 | % |
(1) | Percentages are based on the 97,696,880 common shares that were issued and outstanding on February 28, 2015. |
(2) | The number of common shares shown for Dennis R. Washington includes those shares beneficially owned by Deep Water Holdings, LLC, or Deep Water, and The Roy Dennis Washington Revocable Living Trust created under Agreement dated November 16, 1987. This information is based on prior SEC filings and information provided to us by Mr. Washington on or about February 11, 2015. |
(3) | The number of common shares shown for Mr. Porter includes common shares beneficially owned by Tiger Container Shipping Co. Ltd., or Tiger, as well as by certain members of his immediate family. Tiger is an investment holding company that is indirectly wholly-owned by Mr. Porter. This information is based on prior SEC filings and information provided to us by Mr. Porter on or about February 10, 2015. |
(4) | The number of common shares shown for Copper Lion, Inc. includes those shares beneficially owned by The Kevin Lee Washington 2014 Trust, the Kyle Roy Washington 2005 Irrevocable Trust u/a/d July 15, 2005 and The Kyle Roy Washington 2014 Trust. This information is based on prior SEC filings and information provided to us by Copper Lion, Inc. on or about February 11, 2015. |
The major shareholders of our common shares have the same voting rights as other shareholders of our common shares.
As of February 28, 2015, a total of 49,047,363 of our Class A common shares were held by 48 holders of record in the United States.
We are not aware of any arrangements, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control.
B. Related Party Transactions
From time to time we have entered into agreements and have consummated transactions with certain related parties. These related party agreements include agreements relating to the provision of services by our directors and executive officers, the sale and purchase of our common and preferred equity securities, the management of the vessels in our fleet by our Manager and our acquisition of our Manager in January 2012, and our investment in GCI. We may enter into related party transactions from time to time in the future. Our board of directors has a conflicts committee, comprised entirely of independent members of our board of directors, which must approve all proposed material related party transactions.
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Certain Relationships and Transactions
Gerry Wang, our chief executive officer, co-founder and co-chairman of our board of directors, also provides services to GCI, GC Industrial (which is owned by affiliates of The Carlyle Group and the Tiger Member), and the Tiger Member. Until we acquired it in January 2012, Mr. Wang had an ownership interest in our Manager, together with affiliated entities of Graham Porter, Kyle R. Washington and his brother Kevin L. Washington. Please read Management Agreements and Acquisition of Seaspan Management Services Limited. In addition, Mr. Wang serves as chairman of the board of managers of GCI and is a voting member of the Transaction Committee of GCI. Please read Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment Vehicle. Prior to March 2011, Mr. Wang was an employee of SSML, our indirect subsidiary, and his compensation (other than any awards under our long-term incentive plan) was set and paid by such subsidiary. In March 2011, Mr. Wang entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with SSML and a new employment agreement with us, which became effective January 1, 2011. In December 2012, we amended and restated Mr. Wangs employment agreement with us and his employment agreement with SSML terminated. Please read Employment Agreement and Other Related Agreements with Gerry Wang.
Kyle R. Washington, co-founder and co-chairman of our board of directors, is the son of Dennis R. Washington, who controls entities that together represent our largest shareholder. Affiliated entities of Kyle R. Washington and of his brother Kevin L. Washington had ownership interests in our Manager prior to our acquisition of it in January 2012. The Washington Member has an interest in GCI and an indirect economic interest in certain incentive distributions received by GC Industrial from GCI, and GCI has granted the Washington Member a right of first refusal on containership investment opportunities, which applies to a smaller percentage of vessels and is subordinate to our right of first refusal. Please read Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment VehicleRights of First Refusal and First Offer. Mr. Washington serves on the board of GCI as the representative of the Washington Member and is a non-voting member of the Transaction Committee of GCI.
Graham Porter is one of our directors. In March 2011, we entered into an agreement with Mr. Porter, Seaspan Advisory Services Limited and SSML that terminated a restrictive covenant agreement dated August 8, 2005, including the remainder of Mr. Porters post-employment two-year non-competition restriction. An affiliated entity of Mr. Porter had ownership interests in our Manager until our acquisition of our Manager in January 2012, and an affiliated entity of Mr. Porter is a co-owner of the Tiger Member, which provides certain commercial management services with respect to the vessel investments made by GCI. Please read Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment VehicleServices Agreements. Mr. Porter has an indirect economic interest in certain incentive distributions received by GC Industrial from GCI. Please read Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment VehicleDistributions. Mr. Porter also serves on the board of managers of the Vehicle and is a voting member of the Transaction Committee of GCI. In addition, Mr. Porter and his affiliates control Tiger Group Investments, or Tiger Group, and Tiger Ventures Limited, which have provided certain financial services to us. Please read Arrangements and Fees with Tiger Group Entities.
Acquisition of Seaspan Management Services Limited
In January 2012, we acquired our Manager, and we acquired and cancelled all of the issued and outstanding shares of our Class C common stock, which were owned by a subsidiary of our Manager. Prior to the acquisition, our Manager was owned 50.05% by trusts established for sons of Dennis R. Washington, including Kyle R. Washington, our co-chairman, and 49.95% by Thetis, an entity indirectly owned by Graham Porter, one of our directors, and Gerry Wang, our co-chairman, co-founder and chief executive officer.
The purchase price for the acquisition included a base purchase price of $54.0 million and adjustments for settlement of intercompany balances, plus additional payments, each a Fleet Growth Payment, as described below, for each newbuilding or existing containership ordered or acquired or leased (for a period of at least five years) after December 12, 2011 and prior to August 15, 2014 by us, GCI or the Washington Member, or by
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affiliates of any such parties, and which containerships are to be managed by our Manager or one of our controlled affiliates after the acquisition. For accounting purposes, under U.S. GAAP, the purchase price is required to be valued at the acquisition date. Therefore, the closing share price on the day prior to acquisition of $15.85 per share was used to value the Class A common shares at $66.9 million.
The base purchase price was paid and Fleet Growth Payments were paid, in shares of our Class A common stock, in each case valued on a per share basis equal to $12.794, being the volume-weighted average trading price of the Class A common stock for the 90 trading days immediately preceding the closing date of the acquisition, or the Per Share Value. For each qualifying containership ordered, acquired or leased, the related Fleet Growth Payment includes the issuance of 39,081 shares (equal to the quotient of $0.5 million divided by the Per Share Value). Fleet Growth Payments were paid quarterly, based on newbuilding orders or existing vessel acquisitions that occurred during a quarter. During the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, 820,697 and 468,968 Class A common shares were issued as Fleet Growth Payments, respectively. No additional Fleet Growth Payments will be made for newbuilding orders or existing vessel acquisitions after August 15, 2014.
Shares of Class A common stock issued to the owners of our Manager in payment for the base purchase price are subject to graduated four-year lock-up agreements. Shares issued in connection with Fleet Growth Payments are not subject to lockup agreements. Under the lockup agreements, the owners and certain of their affiliates are restricted from transferring 100% of these shares for one year, 75% of such shares for two years, 50% of such shares for three years and 25% of such shares for four years from our acquisition of our Manager. The owners of our Manager are permitted to transfer all shares from the acquisition among themselves and to Deep Water, which is our largest shareholder and is controlled by Dennis R. Washington.
The conflicts committee of our board of directors, which committee is composed of independent directors, with the assistance of financial and legal advisors, reviewed and approved the acquisition of our Manager on the terms described above.
Management Agreements
Substantially all of the management services for our vessels are provided by our Manager and its subsidiaries. The Manager was owned, prior to our acquisition of it in January 2012, by affiliates of Kyle R. Washington, Gerry Wang and Graham Porter. Prior to the acquisition, we incurred the following aggregate costs under our management agreements with our Manager and its subsidiaries:
In thousands of USD | Year
Ended December 31, 2012 |
|||
Technical services |
$ | 9,700 | ||
Dry-dock activities included in technical services |
421 | |||
Administrative and strategic services |
5 | |||
Reimbursed expenses |
305 | |||
Newbuilding construction supervision (under fixed fee arrangements of $250,000 to $350,000 per vessel) |
100 |
(1) | Relates to the 26 days prior to acquisition on January 27, 2012. |
Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment Vehicle
Purpose, Members and Exclusivity
Formed in March 2011, GCI invests primarily in newbuilding and secondhand maritime containership assets that are primarily strategic to Greater China. The members of GCI are (a) Seaspan Investment I Ltd., a subsidiary of us, or the Seaspan Member, (b) the Washington Member, (c) the Tiger Member and (d) GC Industrial. As of February 28, 2015, GCI has six vessels in operation and 15 newbuilding vessels to be delivered.
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Until the earliest of (a) March 14, 2016, (b) dissolution of GCI and (c) consummation of a sale of GCI, GC Industrial and its subsidiaries shall only invest in containerships through GCI.
Capital Commitments
GC Industrial, the Seaspan Member and the Washington Member have agreed to make aggregate capital commitments of up to $900.0 million in GCI. GC Industrial has committed up to $775.0 million ($750.0 million of which is a commitment from the Carlyle affiliate members of GC Industrial and $25.0 million of which is a commitment from the Tiger Member), the Washington Member has committed up to $25.0 million and the Seaspan Member has committed up to $100.0 million. The Tiger Member will contribute services to GCI, and 50% of the fees for such services will be paid to the Tiger Member in the form of an equity interest in GCI.
GC Industrials capital commitment will be reduced to the extent it separately invests in non-containership assets, in which case the capital commitments of other members would be proportionately reduced.
As at December 31, 2014, the Seaspan Member had made capital contributions of $21.4 million to GCI.
Distributions
GCIs available cash is distributed as and when determined by GCIs board of managers. Distributions will be made first proportionately to the members to return their respective capital contributions and then proportionately to the members until a cumulative compounded rate of return of 12% has been generated on all member capital contributions. Further distributions will be divided between the members, pro rata in accordance with their respective percentage interests, and GC Industrial, which is entitled to incentive distributions ranging from 20% to 30% depending on the amount of the distributions.
Mr. Porter holds an economic interest in the Tiger Member, which is a member of GC Industrial. Accordingly, he has an indirect economic interest in any incentive distributions received by GC Industrial from GCI. The Washington Member has an indirect interest in the Tiger Member, and accordingly has an indirect economic interest in any incentive distributions received by GC Industrial from GCI.
Governance
GCI is governed by a board of managers initially consisting of up to nine members. GC Industrial has the right to designate five members, the Tiger Member has the right to designate two members, who are Gerry Wang and Graham Porter, and the Washington Member and the Seaspan Member each have the right to designate one member. Our chief executive officer and co-chairman of our board of directors, Mr. Wang, and our director, Mr. Porter, each provide services to GCI and GC Industrial and pursue investment opportunities for GCI and GC Industrial.
GCI has a Transaction Committee, which is primarily responsible for approving the purchase, newbuild contracting, chartering, financing and technical management of new and existing investments. The voting members of the Transaction Committee are Mr. Wang, Mr. Porter and two GC Industrial designees. Our co-chairman and the Washington Member designee on GCIs board of managers, Kyle R. Washington, is a non-voting member of the Transaction Committee. The Seaspan Member does not have a designee on the Transaction Committee, although Mr. Washington provides to us certain Transaction Committee materials, subject to a confidentiality agreement.
Services Agreements
We, the Tiger Member and Carlyle have each agreed to provide certain services to GC Intermodal Operating Company, a subsidiary of GCI. Pursuant to a management agreement, we provide technical and commercial
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management services with respect to the vessel investments made by GCI for a daily fee of $750 per vessel once a vessel begins operation, as well as construction supervision fees ranging from $550,000 to $650,000 per newbuilding vessel, depending on the size of the vessel. The Tiger Member provides GCI with financial and strategic advisory services pursuant to a management agreement. The Tiger Member generally is entitled to (a) charter fees equal to 1.0% of the monthly gross charter revenue from GCI vessels, (b) transaction fees equal to 0.80% of the purchase or sales price of vessel or newbuilding contracts, payable upon delivery of the vessel and (c) financing fees equal to 0.40% of the aggregate amount of debt or lease financing provided by non-Greater China banks or financial institutions and 0.80% for debt or financing provided by Greater China banks or financial institutions. Carlyle is entitled to transaction, financing and management fees pursuant to a consulting agreement.
Drag-Along Rights
GC Industrial has customary drag-along rights, which will permit it to require other GCI members to join in on sales by GCI Industrial to a third party of a majority of GCI interests. In this case, each member will be required to transfer a percentage of its interest based on the members respective interests in GCI, on terms no less favorable than those offered to GC Industrial. The aggregate purchase price payable in connection with such sale will be allocated among the selling members as if the proceeds were distributed as described above in Distributions.
Rights of First Refusal and First Offer
Right of First Refusal
We believe that all of GCIs containership investment opportunities, or Container Investment Opportunities identified by Gerry Wang, our chief executive officer and the chairman of the board of managers of GCI, will be subject to the ROFR. We may exercise this right until March 31, 2016, unless it is terminated earlier as the result of certain triggering events, including if we exercise this right for more than 50% of the aggregate vessels subject to the right prior to specified dates. The Washington Member also has a right of first refusal on Container Investment Opportunities. This right applies to a smaller percentage of vessels and is subordinate to our right of first refusal. Container Investment Opportunities that are not acquired by us or the Washington Member may be acquired by GCI. In addition, we have rights of first offer relating to certain containerships that GCI and the Washington Member may propose to sell or dispose of. Please read Rights of First Offer. These rights of first refusal and first offer provide potential opportunities for us to increase the size of our fleet through selective vessel acquisitions.
Prior to August 15, 2014, we were entitled to exercise our right of first refusal with respect to 100% of the vessels comprising Container Investment Opportunities. As of August 15, 2014, we are entitled to exercise our right of first refusal with respect to a number of vessels (not to exceed 100% of the vessels comprising such Container Investment Opportunity) equal to the sum of:
| 50% of the vessels comprising a Container Investment Opportunity plus |
| a number of vessels equal to: |
(a) the total number of vessels with respect to which we previously exercised our right of first refusal, but which vessels were not purchased by us due to the refusal or failure of the other party or parties to the negotiated vessel contracts to execute the contracts (or in cases where such contracts are in the form of a letter of intent that contemplates definitive agreements, the other partys refusal or failure to execute definitive agreements that have the same material terms as the letter of intent and the right of first refusal notice), minus
(b) the excess of:
(i) the total number of vessels with respect to which we previously exercised our right of first refusal on or after August 15, 2014 and subsequently purchased, over
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(ii) 50% of the aggregate number of all vessels comprising all previous Container Investment Opportunities on or after August 15, 2014.
We have a similar right of first refusal with respect to the acquisition of companies that own containerships which comprise more than 50% of such companys assets.
Our right of first refusal will terminate upon the earliest to occur of:
| March 31, 2016; |
| the date on which GCI is dissolved or liquidated; |
| GCIs election to terminate, given in writing to us and the Washington Member at any time after any of August 15, 2011, August 15, 2012, August 15, 2013, August 15, 2014, November 15, 2014, February 15, 2015, May 15, 2015, August 15, 2015, November 15, 2015 or February 15, 2016, if we have exercised our right of first refusal with respect to greater than 50% of the vessels comprising all Container Investment Opportunities prior to such date (or if we have provided notice to GCI of such event, GCI must notify us whether it elects to terminate the right of first refusal within 90 days after receipt of our notice), subject to certain exceptions; |
| consummation of an initial public offering of any equity securities of GCI or any of its subsidiaries; provided that with respect to an initial public offering of a subsidiary, the right of first refusal will remain in effect with respect to GCI and its subsidiaries, but terminate with respect to the subsidiary that consummated the initial public offering and its subsidiaries; and |
| generally, upon consummation of a sale to a third party of more than 50% of the outstanding interests of GCI or of assets representing at least 75% of the consolidated net asset value of GCI and its subsidiaries. |
Rights of First Offer
We have certain rights of first offer if GCI intends to sell or otherwise dispose of one or more containerships (other than in connection with an initial public offering or a sale of GCI). If GCI rejects our offer, it may only sell the vessels to a third party, generally within 180 days of its notice to us, and only for consideration greater than that offered by us. This right of first offer terminates upon the termination of our right of first refusal described above.
Our right of first offer on Washington Member vessels is generally similar to our right of first offer GCI vessels, and applies to certain transfers or sales of any containerships acquired by the Washington Member pursuant to its right of first refusal from GCI. The Washington Member right of first offer terminates after 10 years.
Related Party Loans
Please see note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for a description of loans to affiliates.
Employment Agreement and Other Related Agreements with Gerry Wang
Mr. Wang serves as our chief executive officer and has previously served as the chief executive officer of SSML. We entered into amended and restated employment and transaction services agreements with Mr. Wang in December 2012, which agreements supersede our previous employment and transaction services agreements with him. Mr. Wangs employment agreement with SSML was also terminated.
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The term of Mr. Wangs employment with us continues until the termination of our right of first refusal with GCI, which is scheduled to expire on March 31, 2016, unless earlier terminated. The amended transaction services agreement becomes effective following any termination of Mr. Wangs employment with us and also expires upon termination of our right of first refusal with GCI.
Mr. Wangs amended employment agreement with us provides that he receives an annual base salary of $1.25 million, an annual housing allowance of $0.25 million and an annual target performance bonus of $1.2 million, with the bonus payable 50% in cash and 50% in our common shares. In addition, Mr. Wang receives transaction fees equal to 1.25% of the aggregate consideration under any binding agreement that we enter into to construct, sell or acquire a vessel whether or not the transaction was proposed by Mr. Wang. The transaction fees are paid to Mr. Wang either in cash or, at our discretion, a combination of cash and up to 50% in our common shares. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, Mr. Wang received transaction fees of approximately $7.3 million, $3.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
In connection with the amended employment agreement, we granted to Mr. Wang an award of SARs, which vest and become exercisable in three tranches when and if the fair market value of the common shares equals or exceeds the applicable base price for such tranche for any 20 consecutive trading days on or before the expiration date for such tranche. Mr. Wang may exercise each vested tranche of SARs and receive common shares with a value equal to the spread between the applicable base price and the fair market value of the common shares on the exercise date.
Number of SARs |
Base Price | Expiration Date | ||||||||||
Tranche 1 |
1,846,154 | US$ | 21.50 | December 7, 2015 | ||||||||
Tranche 2 |
1,898,734 | US$ | 24.00 | December 7, 2016 | ||||||||
Tranche 3 |
1,929,260 | US$ | 26.50 | December 7, 2017 | ||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Total: |
5,674,148 | |||||||||||
|
|
The SARs are being expensed by tranche over each tranches derived service period. The tranche 1 SARS vested in 2013. We believe we will recognize the compensation expense relating to the remaining SARs prior to expiration of the term of Mr. Wangs employment.
Mr. Wang has agreed to retain ownership of 50% of the net after-tax number of common shares received upon exercise of the SARs until the later of March 31, 2015 and 120 days after the exercise date with respect to such common shares. If Mr. Wangs employment is terminated by us with cause or Mr. Wang terminates his employment without good reason, all unvested SARs will be forfeited and all vested SARs will remain exercisable until the applicable expiration date. Upon termination of Mr. Wangs employment for any other reason, all unvested SARs will remain outstanding and be eligible for future vesting and exercise, and all vested SARs will remain exercisable until their applicable expiration date. Vesting of the SARs would accelerate in the event of a merger, tender offer or similar change of control transaction in which the amount to be paid to holders of common shares in connection with such transaction exceeds the base price for the applicable tranches of SARs.
Mr. Wang devotes the amount of his time to us that is reasonably necessary to perform his duties, with the understanding that he also provides services to GCI, GC Industrial and the Tiger Member. Pursuant to the employment agreement, we have reduced Mr. Wangs fiduciary duties in relation to certain containership vessel and business opportunities to the extent such opportunities are subject to our right of first refusal with GCI and (a) the conflicts committee of our board of directors has decided to reject such opportunity or we have failed to exercise our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity, (b) we have exercised such right but failed to pursue such opportunity or (c) we do not have the right under our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity.
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Either party may terminate Mr. Wangs employment agreement at any time, with or without cause. If during the period of Mr. Wangs employment, the right of first refusal granted to us by GCI is terminated, Mr. Wang has agreed to resign from our board of directors at our request.
Upon any termination of Mr. Wangs employment agreement with us before termination of our right of first refusal with GCI, he will continue to provide certain strategic services pursuant to the transaction services agreement. These continued services include identifying and negotiating transactions involving the construction, acquisition or disposition of vessels. In exchange for these services, Mr. Wang will receive fees equal to 1.25% of the aggregate consideration payable to us under any agreement that we enter into to build, acquire or sell a vessel, whether or not the transaction was proposed by Mr. Wang. The transaction fees will be payable in a combination of cash and our common shares. Mr. Wang may engage in business activities unrelated to us and, subject to certain exceptions, he may also compete with us. The transaction services agreement will expire upon the termination of the right of first refusal granted to us by GCI, which is scheduled to expire on March 31, 2016, unless earlier terminated.
As at December 31, 2014, a total of 809,926 of our common shares owned by Mr. Wang and certain of his family members and affiliates are subject to a five-year lock-up agreement entered into in March 2011, as amended, in connection with our investment in GCI. Under this lock-up agreement, Mr. Wang and such other parties have agreed to restrict the transfer of 50% of their then existing shares for three years, and 25% of such shares for years four and five, in each case commencing March 14, 2011. Please read Acquisition of Seaspan Management Services Limited for a description of the lock-up agreement entered into by Mr. Wang in connection with the acquisition of our Manager. In addition, Mr. Wang has agreed to retain ownership of 50% of the net after-tax number of common shares received upon exercise of the SARs until the later of March 31, 2016 and 120 days after the exercise date with respect to such common shares, as described above.
We have agreed to register with the SEC the shares Mr. Wang earns under his employment agreement and the transaction services agreement with the SEC. Please read Registration Rights Agreements.
Employment Agreements with Senior Management
Our senior managers, other than Mr. Wang, including Peter Curtis, Sai W. Chu, Mark Chu and Rob Grool, have employment arrangements with SSML.
Arrangements and Fees with Tiger Group Entities
In connection with certain financial transactions involving us, Tiger Group and Tiger Ventures Limited have received fees for consulting services and certain other services rendered in connection with the arrangement, structuring and negotiation of the transactions. Tiger Group and Tiger Ventures Limited are controlled by Graham Porter, one of our directors. Pursuant to a financial services agreement we entered into with Tiger Venture Limited in March 2011, Tiger Ventures Limited is entitled to financing fees equal to 0.40% of the aggregate amount of debt or lease financing provided by non-Greater China banks or financial institutions and 0.80% for debt or financing provided by Greater China banks or financial institutions, in each case, to be paid regardless of whether Tiger Ventures Limited assisted in arranging such financing. The arrangement fees are paid either in cash or, at our discretion, a combination of cash and up to 50% in our common shares
During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we incurred aggregate consulting and arrangement fees of $4.5 million, $6.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, to Tiger Group and Tiger Ventures Limited.
Graham Porter Agreement
In March 2011, in connection with our investment in GCI, we entered into an agreement with our director Graham Porter pursuant to which we have reduced Mr. Porters fiduciary duties in relation to certain containership vessel and business opportunities to the extent such opportunities are subject to our right of first
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refusal with GCI and (a) the conflicts committee of our board of directors has decided to reject such opportunity or we have failed to exercise our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity, (b) we have exercised such right but failed to pursue such opportunity or (c) we do not have the right under our right of first refusal to pursue such opportunity. Please read Our Investment in Carlyle Containership-Focused Investment VehicleRights of First Refusal and Offer Agreements.
Registration Rights Agreements
In connection with our initial public offering, we agreed to register for resale on a shelf registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and applicable state securities laws, any subordinated shares proposed to be sold by the holders of the subordinated shares (or the underlying common shares upon their conversion) upon expiration of a certain holding period if an exemption from the registration requirements is not otherwise available or advisable. These holders also have certain piggyback registration rights allowing them to participate in offerings by us to the extent that their participation does not interfere or impede with our offering. We are obligated to pay substantially all expenses incidental to the registration, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions.
In connection with the Series A Preferred Share Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which, in certain circumstances, we will be obligated to file a registration statement covering the potential sale by a holder of the Class A common shares that are issuable upon the conversion of the Series A preferred shares unless the sum of the Class A common shares held by such holder as a result of the conversion can be sold in a single transaction under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. These holders also have certain piggyback registration rights allowing them to participate in offerings by us to the extent that their participation does not interfere with or impede such offering. Under this agreement, we are obligated to pay substantially all expenses incidental to the registration, excluding underwriting discounts or commissions.
In March 2011, in connection with our investment in GCI, we also entered a transaction services agreement with Gerry Wang and a financial services agreement with Tiger Ventures Limited, pursuant to which we entered into registration rights agreements with each of Mr. Wang and Tiger Ventures Limited. Under these registration rights agreements, in certain circumstances, we will be obligated to file a registration statement covering the potential sale by Mr. Wang or Tiger Ventures Limited of the common shares earned pursuant to the transaction services agreement or financial services agreement, as applicable. Mr. Wang and Tiger Ventures Limited also have certain piggyback registration rights allowing them to participate in offerings by us to the extent that their participation does not interfere with or impede such offering. Under these agreements, we are obligated to pay all expenses incidental to the registration, excluding underwriting discounts or commissions.
In January 2012, in connection with the acquisition of our Manager, we entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which we are obligated to register for resale under the Securities Act, as amended, all shares of our common stock issued to the former owners of the Manager in connection with the acquisition, including any shares issued as Fleet Growth Payments.
Series A Preferred Share Offering
In January 2009, we issued a total of 200,000 of our Series A preferred shares to certain investors, including entities affiliated with Dennis R. Washington, his son Kyle R. Washington, the co-chairman of our board of directors, and Graham Porter, one of our directors. The initial liquidation preference of the Series A preferred shares was $1,000 per share, subject to adjustment. No dividend was payable in respect of the Series A preferred shares until March 31, 2014. Instead, the liquidation preference of the Series A preferred shares increased at a rate of 12% per annum until January 31, 2014, compounded quarterly. The Series A preferred shares entitled to the holders to certain voting and other rights.
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On January 30, 2014, as a result of the average closing price of our Class A common shares for the preceding 30 trading days exceeding $15.00 per share, our 200,000 outstanding Series A preferred shares automatically converted into a total of 23,177,175 of our Class A common shares pursuant to our articles of incorporation.
Change of Control Plan
We established a change of control severance plan, or the Change of Control Plan, for certain employees of our indirect subsidiary, SSML, effective as of January 1, 2009. The purpose of the Change of Control Plan is to allow SSML to recruit qualified employees and limit the loss or distraction of such qualified employees that may result from the possibility of a change of control.
Under the terms of the Change of Control Plan, certain employees of SSML, or the Participants, are entitled to receive from us a severance benefit if their employment is terminated due to a qualifying termination. A qualifying termination means a termination by either SSML (if the Participant is terminated for reasons other than cause, death or disability) or by the Participant (if the Participant resigns for good reason, which includes a reduction in base salary or a material diminution in responsibilities, among other things) within a certain period of time following a change of control. A change of control includes:
| the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets in certain circumstances; |
| a transaction where certain persons become the beneficial owner of more than a majority of our common shares; |
| a change in our directors after which a majority of our board are not continuing directors (as defined in the Change of Control Plan); or |
| the consolidation or merger of us with or into any person in certain circumstances. |
A change of control does not include certain transactions or events involving Dennis R. Washington, Kyle R. Washington, Kevin L. Washington, Gerry Wang or Graham Porter or any of their respective affiliates.
The time period during which a Participant will be entitled to any benefits under the Change of Control Plan following a change of control and the severance benefit to which he or she will be entitled on a qualifying termination depends on the tier in which the Participant is placed in the Change of Control Plan. The Change of Control Plan is composed of three tiers of Participants and the chief executive officer of SSML may add or remove Participants from the Change of Control Plan at any time with our prior written consent.
Tier 1 Participants are entitled to severance benefits on a qualifying termination for a two-year period following a change of control and they will receive from us 30 months of their current base salary and bonuses. Tier 2 and Tier 3 Participants are entitled to severance benefits on a qualifying termination for a one-year period following a change of control and will receive from us 18 months and 9 months, respectively, of their current base salary and bonus. All Participants will also become fully vested in all outstanding incentive awards in addition to receiving their severance benefits. Participants will also receive certain other benefits, including but not limited to health, dental and life insurance benefits for a three-month period subject to the permission of the benefits carrier.
We will require any entity who is our successor to assume and agree to perform our obligations under the Change of Control Plan. The Participants will only be entitled to benefits under the Change of Control Plan upon providing us and SSML with a release and waiver.
Item 8. | Financial Information |
A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information
Please see Item 18 below.
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Legal Proceedings
We have not been involved in any legal proceedings that may have, or have had a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity, and we are not aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened that may have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. We expect that these claims would be covered by insurance, subject to customary deductibles. Those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources.
Dividend Policy
From our initial public offering in 2005 to 2008, our quarterly dividend on Class A and B common shares was $0.475 per share. From 2009 to the first quarter of 2010, our quarterly dividend on Class A common shares was $0.10 per share, from the second quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2010, our quarterly dividend was $0.125 per share, from the first quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2011, our quarterly dividend was $0.188 per share, for each quarter of 2012, our dividend was $0.25 per share, for each quarter of 2013, our dividend was $0.3125 per share, and for each quarter of 2014, our dividend was $0.345 per share. In February 2015, our board of directors approved an increase in the quarterly common share dividend to $0.375 per share, which dividend will be declared for the quarter ending March 31, 2015.
Since our initial public offering, our board of directors adopted a dividend policy to pay a regular quarterly dividend on our common shares while reinvesting a portion of our operating cash flow in our business. Retained cash flow may be used, among other things, to fund vessel or fleet acquisitions, create reserves for vessel replacement costs, other capital expenditures and debt repayments, as determined by our board of directors. This dividend policy reflects our judgment that by retaining a portion of our cash flow in our business, we will be able to provide better value to our shareholders by enhancing our longer term dividend paying capacity.
Our board of directors has adopted a progressive dividend policy aimed at increasing our dividends on our Class A common shares in a manner that preserves our long-term financial strength and our ability to expand our fleet. We expect this policy to increase dividends paid to holders of our Class A common shares, while continuing to permit us to pursue our growth strategy. It is our goal to increase our dividend through accretive acquisitions of additional vessels; however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in meeting our goal.
There are a number of factors that could affect the dividends on our Class A common shares in the future. Many of these factors could also affect our ability to pay dividends on our preferred shares. As a result of these factors, you may not receive dividends based on current amounts or at all. These factors include, among others, the following:
| we may not have enough cash to pay dividends due to changes in our operating cash flow, capital expenditure requirements, working capital requirements and other cash needs; |
| our ability to pay dividends is dependent upon the charter rates on new vessels and those obtained upon the expiration of our existing charters; |
| while the dividend policy adopted by our board of directors contemplates the distribution of a substantial portion of our cash available to pay dividends on our Class A common shares, our board of directors could modify or revoke this policy at any time; |
| even if our dividend policy is not modified or revoked, the actual amount of dividends distributed under the policy and the decision to make any distribution will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of our board of directors; |
| the amount of dividends that we may distribute is limited by restrictions under our senior secured credit facilities and future indebtedness could contain covenants that are even more restrictive. In addition, |
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our credit facilities require us to comply with various financial covenants, and our credit facilities prohibit the payment of dividends if an event of default has occurred and is continuing under our credit facilities or if the payment of the dividend would result in an event of default; |
| the amount of dividends that we may distribute is subject to restrictions under Marshall Islands law; and |
| our common shareholders have no contractual or other legal right to dividends, and we are not otherwise required to pay dividends. |
In February 2015, our board of directors approved an 8.7% increase in the quarterly common share dividend to $0.375 per share, commencing with the quarter ending March 31, 2015. For the 2015 fiscal year, we expect to pay an annual dividend of $1.50, in the following manner:
Record Date |
Payment Date |
Amount Per Share | ||
April 20, 2015 |
April 30, 2015 | $0.375 | ||
July 20, 2015 |
July 30, 2015 | $0.375 | ||
October 20, 2015 |
October 30, 2015 | $0.375 | ||
January 20, 2016 |
February 1, 2016 | $0.375 |
All dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors. Our board of directors may review and amend our dividend policy from time to time in light of our plans for future growth and other factors. We cannot provide assurance that we will pay, or be able to pay, regular quarterly dividends in the amounts and manner stated above.
Please read Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk FactorsRisks Inherent in Our Business for a more detailed description of various factors that could reduce or eliminate our ability to pay dividends.
B. Significant Changes
None.
Item 9. | The Offer and Listing |
Our common shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSW. The following table sets forth the high and low prices for the common shares on the NYSE for the periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010 |
$ | 15.05 | $ | 9.27 | ||||
January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 |
21.33 | 10.21 | ||||||
January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 |
19.98 | 13.50 | ||||||
January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 |
25.10 | 16.46 | ||||||
January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 |
24.36 | 16.81 | ||||||
First quarter 2013 |
20.95 | 16.46 | ||||||
Second quarter 2013 |
23.52 | 19.75 | ||||||
Third quarter 2013 |
24.66 | 19.90 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2013 |
25.10 | 19.45 | ||||||
First quarter 2014 |
23.69 | 21.32 | ||||||
Second quarter 2014 |
24.08 | 21.10 | ||||||
Third quarter 2014 |
24.36 | 21.45 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2014 |
21.44 | 16.81 | ||||||
September 2014 |
23.34 | 21.45 | ||||||
October 2014 |
21.44 | 16.81 | ||||||
November 2014 |
20.88 | 19.54 | ||||||
December 2014 |
20.01 | 17.76 | ||||||
January 2015 |
18.49 | 17.04 | ||||||
February 2015 |
18.86 | 17.65 | ||||||
March 1 through March 5, 2015 |
19.10 | 18.53 |
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Our Series C preferred shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSW PR C. The following table sets forth the high and low prices for the Series C preferred shares on the NYSE since the date of listing for the periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
February 2, 2011 to December 31, 2011 |
$ | 29.33 | $ | 25.03 | ||||
January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 |
29.02 | 26.50 | ||||||
January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 |
28.40 | 25.50 | ||||||
January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 |
28.10 | 25.52 | ||||||
First quarter 2013 |
28.08 | 26.51 | ||||||
Second quarter 2013 |
28.40 | 25.50 | ||||||
Third quarter 2013 |
27.71 | 25.75 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2013 |
27.61 | 26.07 | ||||||
First quarter 2014 |
27.89 | 26.10 | ||||||
Second quarter 2014 |
27.90 | 26.50 | ||||||
Third quarter 2014 |
28.10 | 25.95 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2014 |
27.87 | 25.52 | ||||||
September 2014 |
27.04 | 25.95 | ||||||
October 2014 |
27.54 | 25.52 | ||||||
November 2014 |
26.80 | 26.25 | ||||||
December 2014 |
27.87 | 25.65 | ||||||
January 2015 |
27.35 | 26.57 | ||||||
February 2015 |
26.84 | 26.09 | ||||||
March 1 through March 5, 2015 |
27.02 | 26.75 |
Our Series D preferred shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSW PR D. The following table sets forth the high and low prices for the Series D preferred shares on the NYSE since the date of listing for the periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
December 21, 2012 to December 31, 2012 |
$ | 25.35 | $ | 24.61 | ||||
January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 |
27.50 | 24.55 | ||||||
January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 |
27.34 | 24.25 | ||||||
First quarter 2013 |
25.94 | 25.20 | ||||||
Second quarter 2013 |
27.50 | 25.00 | ||||||
Third quarter 2013 |
26.80 | 24.73 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2013 |
26.23 | 24.55 | ||||||
First quarter 2014 |
25.96 | 24.71 | ||||||
Second quarter 2014 |
26.64 | 25.15 | ||||||
Third quarter 2014 |
27.34 | 25.90 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2014 |
26.89 | 24.25 | ||||||
September 2014 |
26.97 | 26.25 | ||||||
October 2014 |
26.89 | 24.25 | ||||||
November 2014 |
26.33 | 25.35 | ||||||
December 2014 |
25.84 | 24.43 | ||||||
January 2015 |
26.34 | 25.35 | ||||||
February 2015 |
26.30 | 25.55 | ||||||
March 1 through March 5, 2015 |
26.25 | 25.75 |
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Our Series E preferred shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSW PR E. The following table sets forth the high and low prices for the Series E preferred shares on the NYSE since the date of listing for the periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
February 10, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
$ | 26.95 | $ | 24.25 | ||||
February 10, 2014 to March 31, 2014 |
25.67 | 24.60 | ||||||
Second quarter 2014 |
26.65 | 25.47 | ||||||
Third quarter 2014 |
26.95 | 25.90 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2014 |
26.60 | 24.25 | ||||||
September 2014 |
26.50 | 26.10 | ||||||
October 2014 |
26.60 | 24.25 | ||||||
November 2014 |
26.03 | 25.29 | ||||||
December 2014 |
25.71 | 24.27 | ||||||
January 2015 |
26.07 | 25.10 | ||||||
February 2015 |
26.09 | 25.50 | ||||||
March 1 through March 5, 2015 |
26.15 | 25.80 |
Our Notes are traded on the NYSE under the symbol SSWN. The following table sets forth the high and low prices for our Notes on the NYSE since the date of listing for the periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
April 8, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
$ | 25.94 | $ | 23.90 | ||||
April 8, 2014 through June 30, 2014 |
25.79 | 25.00 | ||||||
Third quarter 2014 |
25.94 | 24.66 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2014 |
25.75 | 23.90 | ||||||
September 2014 |
25.82 | 25.27 | ||||||
October 2014 |
25.75 | 23.90 | ||||||
November 2014 |
25.75 | 25.05 | ||||||
December 2014 |
25.42 | 24.76 | ||||||
January 2015 |
25.50 | 24.35 | ||||||
February 2015 |
25.30 | 24.86 | ||||||
March 1 through March 5, 2015 |
25.99 | 25.19 |
Item 10. | Additional Information |
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Our articles of incorporation have previously been filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to Form F-1 (File No. 333-126762), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2005 and are hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. An amendment to our articles of incorporation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 13, 2014. Our amended and restated bylaws have previously been filed as Exhibit 1.2 to Form 20-F (File No. 333-32591), filed with the SEC on March 23, 2012 and are hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. In connection with our Series A preferred share offering, Series B preferred share offering, Series C preferred share offering, Series D preferred share offering, Series E preferred share offering, and the authorization of Series R preferred shares with respect to our shareholders rights plan, we filed Statements of Designation with respect to each such series of preferred shares with the Registrar of Corporations of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Under the BCA, the Statements of
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Designation are deemed amendments to our articles of incorporation. The Series A Statement of Designation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Report on Form 6-K filed on February 2, 2009 and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The Series B Statement of Designation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Report on Form 6-K filed on June 4, 2010 and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The Series C Statement of Designation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.3 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed on January 28, 2011 and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The Series D Statement of Designation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.3 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed on December 13, 2012 and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The Series E Statement of Designation was previously filed as Exhibit 3.4 to Form 8-A12B filed on February 13, 2014 and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The Series R Statement of Designation is part of Exhibit 4.1 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed with the SEC on April 19, 2011.
The necessary actions required to change the rights of shareholders, and the conditions governing the manner in which annual general meetings and special meetings of shareholders, are convoked are described in our bylaws.
We have in place a shareholder rights agreement that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Seaspan. We entered into the original shareholder rights agreement in August 2005. In April 2011, we amended and restated the shareholder rights agreement. The amended and restated shareholder rights agreement, including the Series R preferred share Statement of Designation, has been filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed with the SEC on April 19, 2011. In connection with acquisition of our Manager in January 2012, we further amended the shareholder rights agreement. Amendment No. 1 to the amended and restated shareholder rights agreement has been filed as Exhibit 4.6 to our Report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012. Amendment No. 2 to the amended and restated shareholder rights agreement has been filed on Form 8-A12B filed with the SEC on December 27, 2012. The amended and restated shareholder rights agreement, as amended, is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.
Pursuant to the shareholder rights agreement, our board of directors declared a dividend for each outstanding Class A common share of one common share purchase right, or a Right, to purchase following a Distribution Date (as defined in the shareholder rights agreement) for $25.00, or the Exercise Price, subject to certain exceptions and adjustments, a fraction (1/1000th) of one Series R preferred share, which fraction has similar economic terms as one Class A common share. If (a) a person or a group of persons beneficially owns 20% or more of our common shares or (b) Dennis R. Washington (our largest shareholder), Kyle R. Washington (our Co-Chairman), Kevin L. Washington, and certain members of their families and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own 70% or more of our Class A common shares (excluding certain shares issued under our dividend reinvestment plan as described below), then each Right will entitle the holder (other than such 20% or more or 70% or more shareholders) to purchase a number of our Class A common shares with a fair market value equal to twice the product of the Exercise Price multiplied by the number of 1/1000th of a Series R preferred share for which such Right could have been exercised. If after such 20% or more or 70% or more ownership threshold has been met, we merge into another company, or we sell more than 50% of our assets or earning power, then each holder of a Right, other than such 20% or 70% or more shareholders, will be entitled to purchase at the Exercise Price, a number of common shares of the surviving entity which has a then current market value of twice the Exercise Price. The Rights will expire on August 8, 2015, unless we extend the expiration date or unless the Rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by us. The Rights dividend was paid on August 12, 2005 to the shareholders of record on that date and attaches to all subsequently issued Class A common shares.
For the Washington family and affiliates, Class A common shares acquired following January 1, 2013, pursuant to their participation in our dividend reinvestment plan with respect to any cash dividends paid on the Class A common shares through and for the quarter ending March 31, 2015, are excluded from the percentage ownership calculation described above. The Washington family has agreed to fully participate in the dividend reinvestment plan until March 15, 2015.
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There are no limitations on the rights to own securities, including the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the securities imposed by the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or by our articles of incorporation or bylaws.
C. Material Contracts
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than material contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which we are, and have been for the two years immediately preceding the date of this Annual Report, a party:
(a) Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000 dated May 19, 2006, among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen as documentation agent, previously filed as Exhibit 1 to the Companys Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on June 12, 2006.
(b) Amended and Restated Management Agreement dated as of May 4, 2007, among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, Seaspan Advisory Services Limited, Seaspan Ship Management Ltd. and Seaspan Crew Management Ltd., previously filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Companys Form 6-K/A, filed with the SEC on October 10, 2007, as amended by Amendment to Amended and Restated Management Agreement among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, Seaspan Advisory Services Limited, Seaspan Ship Management Ltd. and Seaspan Crew Management Ltd. dated as of August 5, 2008, previously filed as Exhibit 4.9 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2011.
(c) Amendment No. 1 to Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000, dated June 29, 2007, among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank, ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen as documentation agent, previously filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Companys Form 6-K/A, filed with the SEC on October 10, 2007.
(d) Amendment No. 2 to Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000 dated August 7, 2007, among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen as documentation agent, previously filed as Exhibit 4.17 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2008.
(e) U.S. $920,000,000 Reducing Revolving Credit Facility dated August 8, 2007, among DnB Nor Bank ASA, Credit Suisse, The Export-Import Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Brussels Branch, previously filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Companys Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2007.
(f) Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated April 19, 2011, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent, previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on April 19, 2011, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated January 27, 2012, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent, previously filed as Exhibit 4.6 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012, and Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated December 27, 2012, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent, previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-A12B, filed with the SEC on December 27, 2012.
(g) Registration Rights Agreement dated August 8, 2005, by and among Seaspan Corporation and certain investors named therein, previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Amendment No. 2 to Form F-1, filed with the SEC on August 4, 2005.
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(h) Registration Rights Agreement dated January 30, 2009, by and among Seaspan Corporation and certain investors named therein, previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2009.
(i) Form of Registration Rights Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 4.10 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(j) Registration Rights Agreement dated January 27, 2012, by and among Seaspan Corporation and certain shareholders named therein, previously filed as Exhibit 4.5 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012.
(k) Change of Control Severance Plan for Employees of Seaspan Ship Management Ltd., effective as of January 1, 2009, previously filed as Exhibit 4.34 to the Companys Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2009.
(l) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(m) Right of First Refusal Agreement among Seaspan Corporation, Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC and Blue Water Commerce, LLC, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(n) Right of First Offer Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Blue Water Commerce, LLC, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(o) Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.42 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013.
(p) Amended and Restated Transaction Services Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.43 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013.
(q) Lock Up Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.44 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013.
(r) Stock Appreciation Rights and Grant Notice between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.45 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013.
(s) Financial Services Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Tiger Ventures Limited, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(t) Graham Porter Letter Agreement, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.9 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011.
(u) Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2012, among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, The Kevin Lee Washington Trust II, the Kyle Roy Washington 2005 Irrevocable Trust under agreement dated July 15, 2005 and Thetis Holdings Ltd., previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012.
(v) Form of Lockup Agreement, previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012.
(w) U.S. $1,300,000,000 Credit Facility Agreement for Seaspan Corporation as Borrower and Arranged by Citigroup Global Markets Limited and BNP Paribas, with Citigroup Global Markets Limited, Credit Suisse AG, DNB Banks ASA, New York Branch (formerly known as DnB Nor ASA), BNP Paribas, Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale, New York branch as Mandated Lead Arrangers with BNP Paribas as Facility Agent, dated as of August 8, 2005, as amended from time to time and as amended and restated on May 11, 2007 and December 23, 2013, filed as Exhibit 4.47 to Form 20-F, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2014.
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(x) Amendment to Right of First Refusal Agreement dated August 11, 2014 among Seaspan Corporation, Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC and Blue Water Commerce, LLC, filed as Exhibit 4.30 herewith.
(y) Amendment to Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, filed as Exhibit 4.31 herewith.
(z) Amendment to Amended and Restated Transaction Services Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, filed as Exhibit 4.32 herewith.
(aa) Amendment to Financial Services Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Tiger Ventures Limited, filed as Exhibit 4.33 herewith.
(bb) Amendment to Lock Up Agreement dated August 19, 2014 among Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, filed as Exhibit 4.34 herewith
D. Exchange Controls
We are not aware of any governmental laws, decrees or regulations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands that restrict the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our securities.
We are not aware of any limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote our securities imposed by the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or our articles of incorporation and bylaws.
E. Taxation
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to our shareholders. This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, legislative history, judicial authority and administrative interpretations, as of the date of this Annual Report, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, or are subject to different interpretations. Changes in these authorities may cause the U.S. federal income tax considerations to vary substantially from those described below.
This discussion applies only to beneficial owners of our shares that own the shares as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes) and does not comment on all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to certain shareholders in light of their particular circumstances, such as shareholders subject to special tax rules (e.g., financial institutions, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, traders in securities that have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities, persons liable for alternative minimum tax, broker-dealers, tax-exempt organizations, or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States) or shareholders that hold our shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, all of whom may be subject to U.S. federal income tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. If a partnership or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our shares, the tax treatment of its partners generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners in partnerships holding our shares should consult their own tax advisors to determine the appropriate tax treatment of the partnerships ownership of our shares.
No ruling has been requested from the IRS regarding any matter affecting us or our shareholders. Accordingly, statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS.
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This discussion does not address any U.S. estate, gift or alternative minimum tax considerations or tax considerations arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdiction. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, non-U.S. and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of our shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term U.S. Holder means a beneficial owner of our shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes: (a) a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien (or a U.S. Individual Holder); (b) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation that was created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (c) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source or (d) a trust that either is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and has one or more U.S. persons with authority to control all of its substantial decisions or has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
Distributions
Subject to the discussion of passive foreign investment companies, or PFICs, below, any distributions made by us to a U.S. Holder generally will constitute dividends, which may be taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income as described in more detail in the paragraph below, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocated to the U.S. Holders shares, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocated to the U.S. Holders shares will be treated first as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holders tax basis in our shares and thereafter as capital gain, which will be either long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. Holder has held the shares for more than one year. U.S. Holders that are corporations generally will not be entitled to claim a dividends received deduction with respect to any distributions they receive from us. For purposes of computing allowable foreign tax credits for U.S. federal income tax purposes, dividends received with respect to our shares will be treated as foreign source income and generally will be treated as passive category income.
Under current law, subject to holding-period requirements and certain other limitations, dividends received with respect to our publicly traded shares by a U.S. Holder who is an individual, trust or estate (a Non-Corporate U.S. Holder), generally will be treated as qualified dividend income that is taxable to such Non-Corporate U.S. Holder at preferential capital gain tax rates (provided we are not classified as a PFIC for the taxable year during which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year).
Special rules may apply to any extraordinary dividend paid by us. Generally, an extraordinary dividend is a dividend with respect to a share of stock that is equal to or in excess of 10% of a common shareholders, or 5% of a preferred shareholders, adjusted tax basis (or fair market value upon the shareholders election) in such share. In addition, extraordinary dividends include dividends received within a one year period that, in the aggregate, equal or exceed 20% of a shareholders adjusted tax basis (or fair market value). If we pay an extraordinary dividend on our shares that is treated as qualified dividend income, then any loss recognized by a Non-Corporate U.S. Holder from the sale or exchange of such shares will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of such dividend.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Shares
Subject to the discussion of PFICs, below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by the U.S. Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. Holders tax basis in such shares.
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Subject to the discussion of extraordinary dividends above, gain or loss recognized upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares generally will be (a) treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holders holding period is greater than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition, or short-term capital gain or loss otherwise, and (b) treated as U.S. source income or loss, as applicable, for foreign tax credit purposes. Non-Corporate U.S. Holders may be eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. A U.S. Holders ability to deduct capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
Consequences of Possible CFC Classification
If CFC Shareholders (generally, U.S. Holders who each own, directly, indirectly or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding shares entitled to vote) own directly, indirectly or constructively more than 50% of either the total combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding shares entitled to vote or the total value of all of our outstanding shares, we generally would be treated as a controlled foreign corporation, or a CFC. We were treated as a CFC in 2014 and we believe we will be treated as a CFC in 2015. It is unclear whether we would be treated as a CFC in future years.
CFC Shareholders are treated as receiving current distributions of their respective share of certain income of the CFC without regard to any actual distributions. In addition, CFC Shareholders are subject to certain burdensome U.S. federal income tax and administrative requirements but generally are not also subject to the requirements generally applicable to shareholders of a PFIC (as discussed below). In addition, a person who is or has been a CFC Shareholder may recognize ordinary income on the disposition of shares of the CFC. U.S. persons who may obtain a substantial interest in us should consider the potential implications of being treated as a CFC Shareholder.
The U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders who are not CFC Shareholders would not change in the event we become a CFC in the future.
PFIC Status and Significant Tax Consequences
Special and adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that holds stock in a non-U.S. entity treated as a corporation and classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of our gross income (including the gross income of certain of our subsidiaries) consists of passive income or (b) at least 50% of the average value of our assets (including the assets of certain of our subsidiaries) is attributable to assets that produce passive income, or are held for the production of passive income. For purpose of these tests, passive income includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties (other than rents and royalties that are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business) but does not include income derived from the performance of services. There are legal uncertainties involved in determining whether the income derived from our time chartering activities constitutes rental income or income derived from the performance of services, including legal uncertainties arising from the decision in Tidewater Inc. v. United States, 565 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 2009), which held that income derived from certain time chartering activities should be treated as rental income rather than services income for purposes of a foreign sales corporation provision of the Code. However, the IRS stated in an Action on Decision, or AOD 2010-01, that it disagrees with, and will not acquiesce to, the way that the rental versus services framework was applied to the facts in the Tidewater decision, and in its discussion stated that the time charters at issue in Tidewater would be treated as producing services income for PFIC purposes. The IRSs statement with respect to Tidewater cannot be relied upon or otherwise cited as precedent by taxpayers. Consequently, in the absence of any binding legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing PFICs, there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court would not follow the Tidewater decision in interpreting the PFIC provisions of the Code. Nevertheless, based on the current composition of our assets and operations (and that of our subsidiaries), we intend to take the position that we are not now and have never been a PFIC. Further, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable year, there can be no assurance that the
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nature of our operations, and therefore the composition of our income and assets, will remain the same in the future. Moreover, the market value of our stock may be treated as reflecting the value of our assets at any given time. Therefore, a decline in the market value of our stock (which is not within our control) may impact the determination of whether we are a PFIC. Because our status as a PFIC for any taxable year will not be determinable until after the end of the taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any future taxable year.
As discussed more fully below, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder generally would be subject to one of three different U.S. income tax regimes, depending on whether the U.S. Holder makes certain elections.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Timely QEF Election
If we were classified as a PFIC for a taxable year, a U.S. Holder making a timely election to treat us as a Qualified Electing Fund for U.S. tax purposes, or a QEF Election would be required to report its pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and our net capital gain, if any, for our taxable year that ends with or within the U.S. Holders taxable year regardless of whether the U.S. Holder received distributions from us in that year. Such income inclusions would not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. The U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our shares would be increased to reflect taxed but undistributed earnings and profits, and distributions of earnings and profits that had previously been taxed would not be taxed again when distributed but would result in a corresponding reduction in the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our shares. The U.S. Holder generally would recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares. A U.S. Holder would not, however, be entitled to a deduction for its pro-rata share of any losses that we incurred with respect to any year.
A U.S. Holder would make a QEF Election with respect to any year that we are a PFIC by filing IRS Form 8621 with its U.S. federal income tax return and complying with all other applicable filing requirements. However, a U.S. Holders QEF Election will not be effective unless we annually provide the U.S. Holder with certain information concerning our income and gain, calculated in accordance with the Code, to be included with the U.S. Holders U.S. federal income tax return. We have not provided our U.S. Holders with such information in prior taxable years and do not intend to provide such information in the current taxable year. Accordingly, you will not be able to make an effective QEF Election at this time. If, contrary to our expectations, we determine that we are or expect to be a PFIC for any taxable year, we will provide U.S. Holders with the information necessary to make an effective QEF Election with respect to our shares.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Mark-to-Market Election
Alternatively, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as we believe, our shares are treated as marketable stock, then a U.S. Holder would be allowed to make a mark-to-market election with respect to our shares, provided the U.S. Holder completes and files IRS Form 8621 in accordance with the relevant instructions. If that election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of our shares at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our shares. The U.S. Holder also would be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our shares over the fair market value thereof at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holders tax basis in our shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss recognized. Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder. Because the mark-to-market election only applies to marketable stock, however, it would not apply to a U.S. Holders indirect interest in any of our subsidiaries that were also determined to be PFICs.
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Taxation of U.S. Holders Not Making a Timely QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election
Finally, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and if a U.S. Holder did not make either a QEF Election or a mark-to-market election for that year, the U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules resulting in increased tax liability with respect to (a) any excess distribution (i.e., the portion of any distributions received by the U.S. Holder on our shares in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received by the U.S. Holder in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the U.S. Holders holding period for our shares) and (b) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our shares. Under these special rules:
| the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holders aggregate holding period for our shares; |
| the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the year we were first treated as a PFIC with respect to the U.S. Holder would be taxed as ordinary income in the current taxable year; |
| the amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable class of taxpayers for that year, and |
| an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year. |
Additionally, for each year during which a U.S. Holder owns shares, we are a PFIC and the total value of all PFIC stock that such U.S. Holder directly or indirectly owns exceeds certain thresholds, such U.S. Holder will be required to file IRS Form 8621 with its annual U.S. federal income tax return to report its ownership of our shares. In addition, if a U.S. Individual Holder dies while owning our shares, such U.S. Individual Holders successor generally would not receive a step-up in tax basis with respect to such shares.
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules, including the PFIC annual reporting requirements, as well as applicability, availability and advisability of, and procedure for, making QEF Elections, mark-to-market elections and other available elections with respect to us, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making such elections.
Medicare Tax on Unearned Income
Certain Non-Corporate U.S. Holders are subject to a 3.8% tax on certain investment income, including dividends and gain from the sale or other disposition of our shares. Non-Corporate U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of our shares.
U.S. Return Disclosure Requirements for U.S. Individual Holders
U.S. Individual Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets, including stock in a foreign corporation that is not held in an account maintained by a financial institution, with an aggregate value in excess of $50,000 on the last day of a taxable year, or $75,000 at any time during that taxable year,, may be required to report such assets on IRS Form 8938 with their tax return for that taxable year. This reporting requirement does not apply to U.S. Individual Holders who report their ownership of our shares under the PFIC annual reporting rules described above. Penalties apply for failure to properly complete and file Form 8938. Investors are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of this disclosure requirement to their investment in our shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
A beneficial owner of our shares (other than a partnership or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to herein as a non-U.S. Holder.
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Distributions
In general, a non-U.S. Holder is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us with respect to our shares unless the distributions are effectively connected with the non-U.S. Holders conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment that the non- U.S. Holder maintains in the United States). If a non-U.S. Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business and the distribution is deemed to be effectively connected to that trade or business, the non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that distribution in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Shares
In general, a non-U.S. Holder is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain resulting from the disposition of our shares unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. Holders conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment that the non-U.S. Holder maintains in the United States) or (b) the non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year in which those shares are disposed of (and certain other requirements are met). If a non-U.S. Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business and the disposition of shares is deemed to be effectively connected to that trade or business, the non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the resulting gain in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, payments of distributions with respect to, or the proceeds of a disposition of our shares to a Non-Corporate U.S. Holder will be subject to information reporting requirements. These payments to a Non-Corporate U.S. Holder also may be subject to backup withholding if the U.S. Holder:
| fails to timely provide an accurate taxpayer identification number; |
| is notified by the IRS that it has failed to report all interest or distributions required to be shown on its U.S. federal income tax returns; or |
| in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements. |
Non-U.S. Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding on payments made to them within the United States by certifying their status on an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI or W-8IMY, as applicable.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, a holder generally may obtain a credit for any amount withheld against its liability for U.S. federal income tax (and obtain a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such liability) by accurately completing and timely filing a U.S. federal income tax return with the IRS.
Marshall Islands Tax Considerations
Because we do not, and we do not expect that we will, conduct business or operations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, under current Marshall Islands law our shareholders will not be subject to Marshall Islands taxation or withholding on distributions, including upon a return of capital, we make to our shareholders. In addition, our shareholders will not be subject to Marshall Islands stamp, capital gains or other taxes on the purchase, ownership or disposition of shares, and our shareholders will not be required by the Republic of the Marshall Islands to file a tax return relating to the shares.
Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax counsel or other advisor with regard to the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent jurisdictions, including the Marshall Islands, of its investment in us. Further, it is the responsibility of each shareholder to file all state, local and non-U.S., as well as U.S. federal tax returns that may be required of it.
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Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion is a summary of the material Canadian federal income tax consequences under the Canada Tax Act, as of the date of this Annual Report, that we believe are relevant to holders of shares who are, at all relevant times, for the purposes of the Canada Tax Act and the Canada-United States Tax Convention 1980 (the Canada-U.S. Treaty), resident only in the United States who are qualifying persons for purposes of the Canada-U.S. Treaty and who deal at arms length with us (U.S. Resident Holders). This disclosure may not apply to United States limited liability companies; accordingly, such holders should consult their own tax advisors.
Subject to the assumptions below, under the Canada Tax Act no taxes on income (including taxable capital gains and withholding tax on dividends) are payable by U.S. Resident Holders in respect of the acquisition, holding, disposition or redemption of our shares. This opinion is based upon the assumptions that we are not a resident of Canada and such U.S. Resident Holders do not have, and have not had, for the purposes of the Canada-U.S. Treaty, a permanent establishment in Canada to which such shares pertain and, in addition, do not use or hold and are not deemed or considered to use or hold such shares in the course of carrying on a business in Canada. We will not be resident in Canada in a particular taxation year if our principal business in that year is international shipping (as defined below), all or substantially all of our gross revenue for that year consists of gross revenue from international shipping, and we were not granted articles of continuance in Canada before the end of that year. International shipping is defined as the operation of ships that are owned or leased by an operator and that are used primarily in transporting passengers or goods in international traffic, including the chartering of ships, provided that, one or more persons related to the operator (if the operator and each such person is a corporation), or persons or partnerships affiliated with the operator (in any other case), has complete possession, control and command of the ship. The leasing of a ship by a lessor to a lessee that has complete possession, control and command of the ship is excluded from the international shipping definition, unless the lessor or a corporation, trust or partnership affiliated with the lessor has an eligible interest in the lessee. Please read Item 4. Information on the CompanyB. Business OverviewTaxation of the CompanyCanadian Taxation for a further discussion, separate from this opinion, of the tax consequences of us becoming a resident of Canada.
Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax counsel or other advisor with regard to the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent jurisdictions, including Canada, of its investment in us. Further, it is the responsibility of each shareholder to file all state, local and non-U.S., as well as U.S. federal tax returns that may be required of it.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statements by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
Documents concerning us that are referred to herein may be inspected at the offices of Seaspan Ship Management Ltd. at 2600-200 Granville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia. Those documents electronically filed with the SEC may be obtained from the SECs website at www.sec.gov or from the SEC public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Further information on the operation of the public reference rooms may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Copies of documents can be requested from the SEC public reference rooms for a copying fee.
Item 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations. We use interest rate swaps to manage interest rate price risks and we have entered into foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency fluctuations. We do not use these financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
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Interest Rate Risk
As of December 31, 2014, our variable-rate credit facilities totaled $2.9 billion, of which we had entered into interest rate swap and swaption agreements to fix the rates on a notional principal amount of $2.1 billion. These interest rate swaps and swaptions have a fair value of $37.7 million in our favor and $394.8 million in the counterparties favor.
The tables below provide information about our financial instruments at December 31, 2014 that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Please see notes 10 and 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, which provides additional information with respect to our existing credit and lease facilities.
Payment Dates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In thousands of USD |
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bearing interest at variable interest rates(1) |
$ | 285,238 | $ | 197,852 | $ | 258,686 | $ | 203,488 | $ | 547,665 | $ | 1,423,386 | ||||||||||||
Lease Facilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bearing interest at variable interest rates(2) |
12,883 | 15,419 | 16,408 | 17,484 | 18,587 | 133,677 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating Leases: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bearing interest at variable interest rates(3) |
30,477 | 30,902 | 31,377 | 31,859 | 32,361 | 163,044 |
(1) | Represents principal payments on amounts drawn on our credit facilities that bear interest at variable rates. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements under certain of our credit facilities to swap the variable interest rates for fixed interest rates. For the purposes of this table, principal payments are determined based on contractual repayments in commitment reduction schedules for each related facility. |
(2) | Represents payments, excluding amounts representing interest payments, on amounts drawn on our lease facilities that bear interest at variable rates. |
(3) | Represents payments under our operating leases for certain vessels that we have entered into sale-leaseback transactions where the lease term commenced upon delivery of the vessels. These operating leases include interest payments based on variable rates. |
As of December 31, 2014, we had the following interest rate swaps outstanding:
Fixed Per Annum |
Notional Amount as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands of USD) |
Maximum
Notional Amount(1) (in thousands of USD) |
Effective Date | Ending Date | ||||||||
5.6400% |
$ | 714,500 | $ | 714,500 | August 31, 2007 | August 31, 2017(2) | ||||||
5.4200% |
438,462 | 438,462 | September 6, 2007 | May 31, 2024 | ||||||||
5.9450% |
266,944 | 266,944 | January 30, 2014 | May 31, 2019(3) | ||||||||
5.6000% |
175,200 | 175,200 | June 23, 2010 | December 23, 2021(2) | ||||||||
5.0275% |
111,000 | 111,000 | May 31, 2007 | September 30, 2015 | ||||||||
5.5950% |
103,500 | 103,500 | August 28, 2009 | August 28, 2020 | ||||||||
5.2600% |
103,500 | 103,500 | July 3, 2006 | February 26, 2021(4) | ||||||||
5.2000% |
80,640 | 80,640 | December 18, 2006 | October 2, 2015 | ||||||||
5.4975% |
52,400 | 52,400 | July 31, 2012 | July 31, 2019 | ||||||||
5.1700% |
24,000 | 24,000 | April 30, 2007 | May 29, 2020 | ||||||||
5.8700% |
| 620,390 | August 31, 2017 | November 28, 2025 |
(1) | Over the term of the interest rate swaps, the notional amounts increase and decrease. These amounts represent the peak notional amount over the remaining term of the swap. |
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(2) | Prospectively de-designated as an accounting hedge in 2008. |
(3) | On January 30, 2014, we terminated the swap that had an effective date of July 16, 2012 and a pay fixed rate of 5.175% and entered into a new swap with an effective date of January 30, 2014 and a pay fixed rate of 5.945%. The early termination of the swap resulted in a loss of approximately $4.5 million. |
(4) | We entered into a swaption agreement with a bank, or Swaption Counterparty A, whereby Swaption Counterparty A had the option to require us to enter into an interest rate swap to pay LIBOR and receive a fixed rate of 5.26%. This was a European option and was open for a two hour period on February 26, 2014 after which it expired. The notional amount of the underlying swap was $106.8 million with an effective date of February 28, 2014 and an expiration of February 26, 2021. If Swaption Counterparty A exercised the swaption, the underlying swap would effectively offset our 5.26% pay fixed LIBOR swap from February 28, 2014 to February 26, 2021. This option was not exercised by Swaption Counterparty A. |
In addition, we have entered into swaption agreements with a bank, or Swaption Counterparty B, whereby Swaption Counterparty B has the option to require us to enter into interest rate swaps to pay LIBOR and receive a fixed rate of 1.183% and to pay 0.5% and receive LIBOR, respectively. The notional amounts of the underlying swaps are each $200.0 million with an effective date of March 2, 2017 and an expiration of March 2, 2027.
Counterparties to these financial instruments may expose us to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance. As at December 31, 2014, these financial instruments are primarily in the counterparties favor. We have considered and reflected the risk of non-performance by us and our counterparties in the fair value of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2014. As part of our consideration of non-performance risk, we perform evaluations of our counterparties for credit risk through ongoing monitoring of their financial health and risk profiles to identify funding risk or changes in their credit ratings.
Counterparties to these agreements are major financial institutions, and we consider the risk of loss due to non-performance to be minimal. We do not require collateral from these institutions. We do not hold and will not issue interest rate swaps for trading purposes.
Item 12. | Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities |
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 13. | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies |
None.
Item 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds |
At December 31, 2014, we had 5.1 million 7.95% Series D preferred shares outstanding. The Series D preferred shares are not convertible into Class A common shares and are not redeemable by the holder. While the Series D preferred shares are issued and outstanding, the holders thereof have certain rights and preferences that materially affect the rights of the Class A common shares. The powers, preferences and relative participating, optional or special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions are fully set forth in a Statement of Designation, which was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 3.3 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed on December 13, 2012.
At December 31, 2014, we had 5.4 million 8.25% Series E preferred shares outstanding. The Series E preferred shares are not convertible into Class A common shares and are not redeemable by the holder. While the Series E preferred shares are issued and outstanding, the holders thereof have certain rights and preferences that materially affect the rights of the Class A common shares. The powers, preferences and relative participating, optional or special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions are fully set forth in a Statement of Designation, which was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 3.3 to our Report on Form 8-A12B filed on February 13, 2014.
In connection with acquisition of our Manager in January 2012, we amended our amended and restated shareholder rights agreement. Amendment No. 1 to the amended and restated shareholder rights agreement was filed as Exhibit 4.6 to our Form 6-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012. In December 2012, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to our amended and restated shareholder rights agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 4.3 to our Form 8-A12B filed with the SEC on December 27, 2012.
Item 15. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
Based on the foregoing, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2014, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
110
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.
Internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
| pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; |
| provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and members of our board of directors; and |
| provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. |
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
Management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 using the framework set forth in the 1992 report of the Treadway Commissions Committee of Sponsoring Organizations.
In 2013, the Treadway Commissions Committee of Sponsoring Organizations released an updated version of its internal control framework. Management intends to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 using the updated 2013 framework.
Based on the foregoing, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014.
The effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 has been audited by KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our December 31, 2014 consolidated annual financial statements, as stated in their report which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management has evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal year have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
During 2014, there were no changes with regard to internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
111
Item 16A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert |
The board of directors has determined that George H. Juetten qualifies as an audit committee financial expert and is independent under applicable NYSE and SEC standards.
Item 16B. | Code of Ethics |
We have adopted Standards for Business Conduct that includes a Code of Ethics for all employees and directors. This document is available under Corporate Governance in the Investor Relations section of our website (www.seaspancorp.com). We also intend to disclose any waivers to or amendments of our Standards of Business Conduct or Code of Ethics for the benefit of our directors and executive officers on our website. We will provide a hard copy of our Code of Ethics free of charge upon written request of a shareholder. Please contact our chief financial officer Sai W. Chu for any such request at Unit 2, 2nd Floor, Bupa Centre, 141 Connaught Road West, Hong Kong China, Fax: +852-2540-1689.
Item 16C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
Our principal accountant for 2014 was KPMG LLP, Chartered Accountants.
In 2014 and 2013, the fees paid to the accountants for services rendered were as follows:
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Audit Fees |
$ | 677,400 | $ | 864,110 | ||||
Audit-Related Fees |
| 26,500 | ||||||
Tax Fees |
115,900 | 129,800 | ||||||
All Other Fees |
25,900 | 75,000 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 819,200 | $ | 1,095,410 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Audit Fees
Audit fees for 2014 include fees related to our annual audit, quarterly reviews, accounting consultations and fees related to the public offering of our common and preferred shares and our Notes. Audit fees for 2013 include fees related to our annual audit, quarterly review, accounting consultations and fees related to the public offering of our common and preferred shares.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-related fees for 2013 include Sarbanes-Oxley Act related consultation services related to the acquisition of our Manager.
Tax Fees
Tax fees for 2014 and 2013 are primarily for tax consultation services related to general tax consultation services and preparation of corporate income tax returns.
All Other Fees
All other fees for 2014 relate to consultation services related to assistance with an information technology assessment project. All other fees for 2013 relate to consultation services related to assistance in documenting the current risks and processes related to enterprise and fraud risk management.
The audit committee has the authority to pre-approve permissible audit-related and non-audit services not prohibited by law to be performed by our independent auditors and associated fees. Engagements for proposed
112
services either may be separately pre-approved by the audit committee or entered into pursuant to detailed pre-approval policies and procedures established by the audit committee, as long as the audit committee is informed on a timely basis of any engagement entered into on that basis. The audit committee separately pre-approved all engagements and fees paid to our principal accountant in 2014 and 2013.
Item 16D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees |
Not applicable.
Item 16E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
Class A Common Shares | ||||||||||||||||
Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid Per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program |
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program |
||||||||||||
January 19, 2012 |
11,300,000 | $ | 15.0000 | | $ | | ||||||||||
May 2012 |
22,100 | 14.8289 | 22,100 | 49,672,281 | ||||||||||||
July 2012 |
94,401 | 14.8698 | 116,501 | 48,268,594 | ||||||||||||
November 2012 |
31,600 | 14.9349 | 148,101 | 47,796,653 |
Series C Preferred Shares |
||||||||||||||||
Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid Per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program |
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program |
||||||||||||
September 5, 2013 |
320,000 | $ | 26.7500 | | $ | | ||||||||||
September 2013 |
4,810 | 27.3000 | 4,810 | 24,868,687 | ||||||||||||
November 2013 |
2,782 | 26.9500 | 7,592 | 24,793,712 | ||||||||||||
December 2013 |
6,877 | 26.7933 | 14,469 | 24,609,436 |
Item 16F. | Change in Registrants Certifying Accountant |
Not applicable.
Item 16G. | Corporate Governance |
The following are the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies:
| In lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of equity compensation plans, the board of directors approves such adoption. |
| Unlike domestic companies listed on the NYSE, foreign private issuers are not required to have a majority of independent directors and the standard for independence applicable to foreign private issuers may differ from the standard that is applicable to domestic issuers. Our board of directors has determined that six of our nine directors (being John C. Hsu, George H. Juetten, David Lyall, Harald Ludwig, Nicholas Pitts-Tucker and Peter S. Shaerf) satisfy the NYSEs independence standards for domestic companies. |
113
| U.S. domestic companies are required to have a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each comprised entirely of independent directors. Although as a foreign private issuer these rules do not apply to us, we have a compensation and governance committee that each consists of four directors, all of whom satisfy applicable NYSE standards for independence for domestic companies. |
Item 16H. | Mine Safety Disclosure |
Not applicable.
114
PART III
Item 17. | Financial Statements |
Not applicable.
Item 18. | Financial Statements |
The following financial statements, together with the report of KPMG LLP, Chartered Accountants thereon, are filed as part of this Annual Report:
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required, are inapplicable or have been disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and therefore have been omitted.
115
Item 19. | Exhibits |
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report:
Exhibit |
Description | |
1.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Seaspan Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Amendment No. 2 to Form F-1 (File No. 333-126762), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2005). | |
1.2 | Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Seaspan Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 13, 2014). | |
1.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Seaspan Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 333-32591), filed with the SEC on March 23, 2012). | |
1.4 | Statement of Designation of the 12% Cumulative Preferred SharesSeries A, dated January 22, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 2, 2009). | |
1.5 | Statement of Designation of the Cumulative Preferred SharesSeries B, dated May 27, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on June 4, 2010). | |
1.6 | Statement of Designation of the 9.5% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries C, dated January 27, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 28, 2011). | |
1.7 | Statement of Designation of the 7.95% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries D, dated December 12, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on December 13, 2012). | |
1.8 | Statement of Designation of the 8.25% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries E, dated February 6, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 13, 2014). | |
1.9 | Statement of Designation of the Series R Participating Preferred Stock, dated April 19, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on April 19, 2011). | |
2.1 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-126762), filed with the SEC on July 21, 2005). | |
2.2 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation 12% Cumulative Preferred SharesSeries A (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 2, 2009). | |
2.3 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation Cumulative Preferred SharesSeries B (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on June 4, 2010). | |
2.4 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation 9.5% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries C (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 28, 2011). | |
2.5 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation 7.95% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries D (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on December 13, 2012). |
116
Exhibit |
Description | |
2.6 | Specimen of Share Certificate of Seaspan Corporation 8.25% Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred SharesSeries E (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 13, 2014). | |
4.1 | Registration Rights Agreement by and among Seaspan Corporation and the investors named therein dated August 8, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Amendment No. 2 to Form F-1 (File No. 333-126762), filed with the SEC on August 4, 2005). | |
4.2 | Registration Rights Agreement by and among Seaspan Corporation and the investors named therein dated January 30, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on February 2, 2009). | |
4.3 | Seaspan Corporation Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 17, 2006). | |
4.4 | First Amendment to Seaspan Corporation Stock Incentive Plan, effective October 23, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 30, 2011). | |
4.5 | Amended and Restated Management Agreement among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, Seaspan Advisory Services Limited, Seaspan Ship Management Ltd. and Seaspan Crew Management Ltd. dated as of May 4, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Companys Form 6-K/A (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on October 10, 2007). | |
4.6 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Management Agreement among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, Seaspan Advisory Services Limited, Seaspan Ship Management Ltd. and Seaspan Crew Management Ltd. dated as of August 5, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 30, 2011). | |
4.7 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and each of Kyle Washington, Gerry Wang, Kevin M. Kennedy, David Korbin, Peter Shaerf, Peter Lorange, Milton K. Wong, Barry R. Pearl, Sai W. Chu, Christa L. Scowby, Ken Low and John Hsu (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-126762), filed with the SEC on July 21, 2005). | |
4.8 | Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000, dated May 19, 2006, among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank, ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen- Thüringen as documentation agent (incorporated herein by reference to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on June 12, 2006). | |
4.9 | Amendment No. 1 to Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000, dated June 29, 2007, among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank, ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen- Thüringen as documentation agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Companys Form 6-K/A (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on October 10, 2007). | |
4.10 | Amendment No. 2 to Credit Facility Agreement providing for a Senior Secured Reducing Revolving Credit Facility of up to $365,000,000 dated August 7, 2007 among Seaspan Corporation, DnB Nor Bank, ASA, as Sole Bookrunner, Administrative Agent and Security Agent, Credit Suisse and Fortis Capital Corp., as Mandated Lead Arrangers and Landesbank Hessen- Thüringen as documentation agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 24, 2008). |
117
Exhibit |
Description | |
4.11 | U.S. $920,000,000 Reducing, Revolving Credit Facility, dated August 8, 2007, among DnB Nor Bank ASA, Credit Suisse, The Export-Import Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Brussels Branch (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Companys Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on August 9, 2007). | |
4.12 | Seaspan Corporation Change of Control Severance Plan for Employees of Seaspan Ship Management Ltd., effective as of January 1, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.34 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 31, 2009). | |
4.13 | Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC, dated March 14, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.14 | Right of First Refusal Agreement among Seaspan Corporation, Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC and Blue Water Commerce, LLC, dated March 14, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.15 | Right of First Offer Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Blue Water Commerce, LLC, dated March 14, 2011, previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Form 6-K (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.16 | Financial Services Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Tiger Ventures Limited, dated March 14, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.17 | Graham Porter Letter Agreement, dated March 14, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.18 | Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on March 14, 2011). | |
4.19 | Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated April 19, 2011, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-A (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on April 19, 2011). | |
4.20 | Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2012, among Seaspan Corporation, Seaspan Management Services Limited, The Kevin Lee Washington Trust II, the Kyle Roy Washington 2005 Irrevocable Trust under agreement dated July 15, 2005 and Thetis Holdings Ltd. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012). | |
4.21 | Form of Lockup Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012). | |
4.22 | Registration Rights Agreement dated January 27, 2012, by and among Seaspan Corporation and certain shareholders named therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012). | |
4.23 | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated January 27, 2012, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Form 6-K (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on January 30, 2012). | |
4.24 | Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement dated December 27, 2012, by and between Seaspan Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-32591), filed with the SEC on December 27, 2012). |
118
Exhibit |
Description | |
4.25 | Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.42 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013). | |
4.26 | Amended and Restated Transaction Services Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.43 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013). | |
4.27 | Lock Up Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.44 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013). | |
4.28 | Stock Appreciation Rights Grant Notice and Agreement between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang, dated December 7, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.45 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013). | |
4.29 | $1,300,000,000 Credit Facility Agreement for Seaspan Corporation as Borrower and Arranged by Citigroup Global Markets Limited and BNP Paribas, with Citigroup Global Markets Limited, Credit Suisse AG, DNB Banks ASA, New York Branch (formerly known as DnB Nor ASA), BNP Paribas, Landesbank Hessen-Thuringen Girozentrale, New York branch as Mandated Lead Arrangers with BNP Paribas as Facility Agent, dated as of August 8, 2005, as amended from time to time and as amended and restated on May 11, 2007 and December 23, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.47 to the Companys Form 20-F (File No. 1-32591) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2014). | |
4.30* | Amendment to Right of First Refusal Agreement dated August 11, 2014 among Seaspan Corporation, Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC and Blue Water Commerce, LLC. | |
4.31* | Amendment to Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang. | |
4.32* | Amendment to Amended and Restated Transaction Services Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang. | |
4.33* | Amendment to Financial Services Agreement dated August 19, 2014 between Seaspan Corporation and Tiger Ventures Limited. | |
4.34* | Amendment to Lock Up Agreement dated August 19, 2014 among Seaspan Corporation and Gerry Wang. | |
8.1* | Subsidiaries of Seaspan Corporation. | |
12.1* | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Seaspans Chief Executive Officer. | |
12.2* | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Seaspans Chief Financial Officer. | |
13.1* | Seaspan Corporation Certification of Gerry Wang, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
13.2* | Seaspan Corporation Certification of Sai W. Chu, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
15.1* | Consent of KPMG LLP. | |
101* | The following materials for the Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 formatted in XBRL: (1) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (2) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (3) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (4) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity; (5) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (6) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
* | Filed herewith |
119
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Seaspan Corporation
We have audited Seaspan Corporations (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the section entitled Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting included in Managements Discussion and Analysis. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated March 10, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
March 10, 2015
Vancouver, Canada
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Seaspan Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Seaspan Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with US generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 10, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
March 10, 2015
Vancouver, Canada
F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except number of shares and par value amounts)
December 31, 2014 and 2013
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 201,755 | $ | 476,380 | ||||
Short-term investments |
1,212 | 11,675 | ||||||
Accounts receivable (note 4) |
23,742 | 14,149 | ||||||
Loans to affiliate (note 4) |
237,908 | 54,068 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
31,139 | 22,671 | ||||||
Gross investment in lease (note 5) |
21,170 | 21,170 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
516,926 | 600,113 | |||||||
Vessels (note 6) |
5,095,723 | 4,992,271 | ||||||
Deferred charges (note 7) |
64,655 | 53,971 | ||||||
Gross investment in lease (note 5) |
37,783 | 58,953 | ||||||
Goodwill |
75,321 | 75,321 | ||||||
Other assets (note 8) |
67,308 | 106,944 | ||||||
Fair value of financial instruments (note 18(d)) |
37,677 | 60,188 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 5,895,393 | $ | 5,947,761 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 15(a)) |
$ | 65,208 | $ | 65,634 | ||||
Current portion of deferred revenue (note 9) |
27,671 | 27,683 | ||||||
Current portion of long-term debt (note 10) |
298,010 | 388,159 | ||||||
Current portion of other long-term liabilities (note 11) |
18,543 | 38,930 | ||||||
Fair value of financial instruments (note 18(d)) |
7,505 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
416,937 | 520,406 | |||||||
Deferred revenue (note 9) |
7,343 | 4,143 | ||||||
Long-term debt (note 10) |
3,084,409 | 2,853,459 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities (note 11) |
253,542 | 572,673 | ||||||
Fair value of financial instruments (note 18(d)) |
387,938 | 425,375 | ||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Share capital (note 12): |
||||||||
Preferred shares; $0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized (201365,000,000); 24,170,531 shares issued and outstanding (201318,970,531) |
||||||||
Class A common shares; $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 96,662,928 shares issued and outstanding (201369,208,888) |
1,209 | 882 | ||||||
Treasury shares |
(379 | ) | (379 | ) | ||||
Additional paid in capital |
2,238,872 | 2,023,622 | ||||||
Deficit |
(459,161 | ) | (411,792 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(35,317 | ) | (40,628 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
1,745,224 | 1,571,705 | |||||||
|
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|
|||||
$ | 5,895,393 | $ | 5,947,761 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingent obligations (note 16)
Subsequent events (note 19)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 717,170 | $ | 677,090 | $ | 660,794 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Ship operating (note 4) |
166,097 | 150,105 | 138,655 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
181,527 | 172,459 | 165,541 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
30,462 | 34,783 | 24,617 | |||||||||
Operating leases (note 11(c)) |
9,544 | 4,388 | 3,145 | |||||||||
Gain on vessel (notes 6) |
| | (9,773 | ) | ||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
387,630 | 361,735 | 322,185 | ||||||||||
Operating earnings |
329,540 | 315,355 | 338,609 | |||||||||
Other expenses (income): |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
88,159 | 60,496 | 71,996 | |||||||||
Interest income |
(10,653 | ) | (2,045 | ) | (1,190 | ) | ||||||
Undrawn credit facility fees |
3,109 | 2,725 | 1,516 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred charges (note 7) |
10,342 | 9,477 | 8,574 | |||||||||
Refinancing expenses and recoveries (note 7) |
70 | 4,038 | | |||||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments (note 18(b)) |
105,694 | (60,504 | ) | 135,998 | ||||||||
Equity (income) loss on investment (note 8(a)) |
(256 | ) | 670 | 259 | ||||||||
Other expenses |
1,828 | 1,470 | 151 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
198,293 | 16,327 | 217,304 | ||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 131,247 | $ | 299,028 | $ | 121,305 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Earnings per share (note 13): |
||||||||||||
Class A common share, basic |
$ | 0.80 | $ | 3.36 | $ | 0.84 | ||||||
Class A common share, diluted |
0.79 | 2.93 | 0.81 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 131,247 | $ | 299,028 | $ | 121,305 | ||||||
Other comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified to net earnings during the period relating to cash flow hedging instruments (note 18 (b)) |
5,311 | 6,212 | 9,146 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 136,558 | $ | 305,240 | $ | 130,451 | ||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Number of common shares |
Number of preferred shares |
Common shares |
Preferred shares |
Treasury shares |
Additional paid-in capital |
Deficit | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
Total shareholders equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | Class C | Series A | Series C | Series D | Series E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2011 |
69,620,060 | 100 | 200,000 | 14,000,000 | | | $ | 696 | $ | 142 | $ | | $ | 1,860,979 | $ | (622,406 | ) | $ | (55,986 | ) | $ | 1,183,425 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | | | | | | | | 121,305 | | 121,305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
| | | | | | | | | | | 9,146 | 9,146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued and retired on acquisition (note 3) |
4,220,728 | (100 | ) | | | | | 42 | | | 83,233 | | | 83,275 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series D preferred shares issued (note 12(b)) |
| | | | 3,105,000 | | | 31 | | 77,594 | | | 77,625 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees and expenses in connection with issuance of preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | (2,929 | ) | | | (2,929 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on class A common shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (58,940 | ) | | (58,940 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on Series C preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (33,250 | ) | | (33,250 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of Series C issuance costs |
| | | | | | | | | 862 | (862 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued through dividend reinvestment program (note 12(a)) |
474,249 | | | | | | 5 | | | 7,163 | | | 7,168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense (note 14): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted class A common shares, phantom share units and stock appreciation rights issued |
194,714 | | | | | | 3 | | | 4,025 | | | 4,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other share-based compensation |
| | | | | | | | | 839 | | | 839 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares repurchased, including related expenses (note 12(a)) |
(11,448,101 | ) | | | | | | (114 | ) | | | (172,698 | ) | | | (172,812 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury shares |
(19,433 | ) | | | | | | (1 | ) | | (312 | ) | | | | (313 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2012, carried forward |
63,042,217 | | 200,000 | 14,000,000 | 3,105,000 | | $ | 631 | $ | 173 | $ | (312 | ) | $ | 1,859,068 | $ | (594,153 | ) | $ | (46,840 | ) | $ | 1,218,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Number of common shares |
Number of preferred shares |
Common shares |
Preferred shares |
Treasury shares |
Additional paid-in capital |
Deficit | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
Total shareholders equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | Class C | Series A | Series C | Series D | Series E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2012, carried forward |
63,042,217 | | 200,000 | 14,000,000 | 3,105,000 | | $ | 631 | $ | 173 | $ | (312 | ) | $ | 1,859,068 | $ | (594,153 | ) | $ | (46,840 | ) | $ | 1,218,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | | | | | | | | 299,028 | | 299,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
| | | | | | | | | | | 6,212 | 6,212 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series D preferred shares issued (note 12(b)) |
| | | | 2,000,000 | | | 20 | | 49,980 | | | 50,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A common shares issued (note 12(a)) |
3,500,000 | | | | | | 35 | | | 76,965 | | | 77,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees and expenses in connection with issuance of common and preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | (5,959 | ) | | | (5,959 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on class A common shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (76,340 | ) | | (76,340 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on Series C and D preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (38,493 | ) | | (38,493 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of Series C issuance costs |
| | | | | | | | | 1,174 | (1,174 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued through dividend reinvestment program (note 12(a)) |
1,561,838 | | | | | | 16 | | | 31,945 | | | 31,961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense (note 14): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted class A common shares, phantom share units and stock appreciation rights issued |
79,088 | | | | | | | | | 14,004 | | | 14,004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other share-based compensation |
206,200 | | | | | | 2 | | | 4,740 | | | 4,742 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fleet growth payments (note 3) |
820,697 | | | | | | 8 | | | (8 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Shares repurchased, including related expenses |
| | | (334,469 | ) | | | | (3 | ) | | (8,287 | ) | (660 | ) | | (8,950 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury shares |
(1,152 | ) | | | | | | | | (67 | ) | | | | (67 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2013, carried forward |
69,208,888 | | 200,000 | 13,665,531 | 5,105,000 | | $ | 692 | $ | 190 | $ | (379 | ) | $ | 2,023,622 | $ | (411,792 | ) | $ | (40,628 | ) | $ | 1,571,705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Number of common shares |
Number of preferred shares |
Common shares |
Preferred shares |
Treasury shares |
Additional paid-in capital |
Deficit | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
Total shareholders equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | Class C | Series A | Series C | Series D | Series E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2013, carried forward |
69,208,888 | | 200,000 | 13,665,531 | 5,105,000 | | $ | 692 | $ | 190 | $ | (379 | ) | $ | 2,023,622 | $ | (411,792 | ) | $ | (40,628 | ) | $ | 1,571,705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | | | | | | | | 131,247 | | 131,247 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
| | | | | | | | | | | 5,311 | 5,311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Series A preferred shares (note 12(b)) |
23,177,175 | | (200,000 | ) | | | | 232 | (2 | ) | | (230 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series E preferred shares issued (note 12(b)) |
| | | | | 5,400,000 | | 54 | | 134,946 | | | 135,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A common shares issued (note 12(a)) |
206,600 | | | | | | 2 | | | 4,731 | | | 4,733 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees and expenses in connection with issuance of common and preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | (5,073 | ) | | | (5,073 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on class A common shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (127,007 | ) | | (127,007 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on Series C, D and E preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | | (50,443 | ) | | (50,443 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of Series C preferred share issuance costs |
| | | | | | | | | 1,166 | (1,166 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued through dividend reinvestment program (note 12(a)) |
3,043,731 | | | | | | 31 | | | 64,666 | | | 64,697 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense (note 14): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted class A common shares, phantom share units, stock appreciation rights issued and restricted stock units |
214,464 | | | | | | 2 | | | 7,699 | | | 7,701 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other share-based compensation |
344,438 | | | | | | 3 | | | 7,350 | | | 7,353 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fleet growth payments (note 3) |
468,968 | | | | | | 5 | | | (5 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury shares |
(1,336 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
96,662,928 | | | 13,665,531 | 5,105,000 | 5,400,000 | $ | 967 | $ | 242 | $ | (379 | ) | $ | 2,238,872 | $ | (459,161 | ) | $ | (35,317 | ) | $ | 1,745,224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cash from (used in): |
||||||||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 131,247 | $ | 299,028 | $ | 121,305 | ||||||
Items not involving cash: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
181,527 | 172,459 | 165,541 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation (note 14) |
8,301 | 14,604 | 4,779 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred charges (note 7) |
10,342 | 9,477 | 8,574 | |||||||||
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive loss to interest expense |
4,259 | 5,330 | 8,310 | |||||||||
Unrealized change in fair value of financial instruments |
(13,064 | ) | (187,522 | ) | 11,215 | |||||||
Gain on vessel |
| | (9,773 | ) | ||||||||
Equity (income) loss on investment (note 8(a)) |
(256 | ) | 670 | 259 | ||||||||
Refinancing expenses and recoveries (note 7) |
(398 | ) | 2,017 | | ||||||||
Operating leases (note 11(c)) |
(1,428 | ) | | | ||||||||
Other |
10,614 | 720 | | |||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(9,593 | ) | (4,577 | ) | 5,773 | |||||||
Lease receivable |
21,170 | 15,675 | 14,640 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
856 | (1,769 | ) | 6,226 | ||||||||
Other assets and deferred charges |
(9,380 | ) | (2,716 | ) | (5,846 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
9,046 | 6,071 | (18,247 | ) | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
3,188 | (1,188 | ) | (2,746 | ) | |||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
(3,472 | ) | (610 | ) | 1,173 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash from operating activities |
342,959 | 327,669 | 311,183 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Senior unsecured notes issued (note 10(c)) |
345,000 | | | |||||||||
Preferred shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 12(b)) |
130,415 | 47,862 | 74,700 | |||||||||
Common shares issued, net of issuance costs (note 12(a)) |
4,245 | 73,179 | | |||||||||
Draws on credit facilities |
507,040 | 164,000 | 113,672 | |||||||||
Repayment of credit facilities |
(872,659 | ) | (67,406 | ) | (44,569 | ) | ||||||
Repayment of other long-term liabilities (note 11) |
(393,382 | ) | (39,988 | ) | (53,516 | ) | ||||||
Shares repurchased, including related expenses (note 12(b)) |
| (8,950 | ) | (172,812 | ) | |||||||
Financing fees (note 7) |
(17,405 | ) | (23,334 | ) | (3,817 | ) | ||||||
Dividends on common shares |
(62,310 | ) | (44,379 | ) | (51,772 | ) | ||||||
Dividends on preferred shares |
(50,443 | ) | (38,493 | ) | (33,250 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale-leaseback of vessels (note 11(c)) |
330,000 | | | |||||||||
Swaption premium payment |
| | (10,000 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
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|
|
|||||||
Cash from (used in) financing activities |
(79,499 | ) | 62,491 | (181,364 | ) | |||||||
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|
|
|
|||||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Expenditures for vessels |
(371,135 | ) | (255,593 | ) | (209,599 | ) | ||||||
Short-term investments |
10,463 | 24,425 | (35,737 | ) | ||||||||
Cash acquired on acquisition of Seaspan Management Services Ltd. |
| | 23,911 | |||||||||
Restricted cash |
60,000 | (1,755 | ) | (7,100 | ) | |||||||
Loans to affiliate (note 4) |
(210,713 | ) | (93,700 | ) | | |||||||
Repayment from loans to affiliate (note 4) |
850 | 39,633 | | |||||||||
Other assets |
(27,550 | ) | (3,724 | ) | (1,039 | ) | ||||||
Investment in affiliate (note 8(a)) |
| (4,444 | ) | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash used in investing activities |
(538,085 | ) | (295,158 | ) | (229,564 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(274,625 | ) | 95,002 | (99,745 | ) | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
476,380 | 381,378 | 481,123 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
$ | 201,755 | $ | 476,380 | $ | 381,378 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information (note 15(b))
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
1. | General: |
Seaspan Corporation (the Company) was incorporated on May 3, 2005 in the Marshall Islands and owns and operates containerships pursuant to primarily long-term, fixed-rate time charters to major container liner companies.
2. | Summary of significant accounting policies: |
(a) | Basis of presentation: |
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and the following accounting policies have been consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
(b) | Principles of consolidation: |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Seaspan Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company also consolidates any variable interest entities (VIEs) of which it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the enterprise that has both the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and has the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE. The impact of the consolidation of these VIEs is described in note 11.
The Company accounts for its investment in companies in which it has significant influence by the equity method. The Companys proportionate share of earnings (loss) is included in earnings and added to or deducted from the cost of the investment.
(c) | Foreign currency translation: |
The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar. Transactions involving other currencies are converted into United States dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the transactions. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar are translated into United States dollars using exchange rates at that date. Exchange gains and losses are included in net earnings.
(d) | Cash equivalents: |
Cash equivalents include highly liquid securities with terms to maturity of three months or less when acquired.
(e) | Vessels: |
Except as described below, vessels are recorded at their cost, which consists of the purchase price, acquisition and delivery costs, less accumulated depreciation.
Vessels purchased from the predecessor upon completion of the Companys initial public offering in 2005 were initially recorded at the predecessors carrying value.
F-10
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Vessels under construction include deposits, installment payments, interest, financing costs, construction design, supervision costs, and other pre-delivery costs incurred during the construction period.
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each vessel, which is 30 years from the date of completion. The Company calculates depreciation based on the estimated remaining useful life and the expected salvage value of the vessel.
Vessels that are held for use are evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. Such evaluations include the comparison of current and anticipated operating cash flows, assessment of future operations and other relevant factors. If the carrying amount of the vessel exceeds the estimated net undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated over the vessels remaining useful life, the carrying amount of the vessel is reduced to its estimated fair value.
(f) | Dry-dock activities: |
Classification rules require that vessels be dry-docked for inspection including planned major maintenance and overhaul activities for ongoing certification. The Company generally dry-docks its vessels once every five years. Dry-docking activities include the inspection, refurbishment and replacement of steel, engine components, electrical, pipes and valves, and other parts of the vessel. The Company has adopted the deferral method of accounting for dry-dock activities whereby costs incurred are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period until the next scheduled dry-dock activity.
(g) | Goodwill and intangible assets: |
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired enterprise over the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized, but reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. When goodwill is reviewed for impairment, the Company may elect to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. Alternatively, the Company may bypass this step and use a fair value approach to identify potential goodwill impairment and, when necessary, measure the amount of impairment. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of reporting units, unless there is a readily determinable fair market value.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their useful lives. Intangible assets with finite lives are assessed for impairment when and if impairment indicators exist. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an intangible asset is not recoverable and its carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
(h) | Deferred financing fees: |
Deferred financing fees represent the unamortized costs incurred on issuance of the Companys credit and lease facilities. Amortization of deferred financing fees on leases is provided on the effective interest rate method over the term of the underlying obligation. Amortization of deferred financing fees on credit facilities is provided on the effective interest rate method over the term of the facility based on amounts available under the facilities.
F-11
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(i) | Revenue recognition: |
The Company derives its revenues primarily from the charter of its vessels. Each charter agreement is evaluated and classified as an operating or capital lease. For time charters classified as operating leases, revenue for the lease and service components is recognized each day the vessel is on-hire and when collection is reasonably assured.
For capital leases that are sales-type leases, the difference between the gross investment in lease and the present value of its components, i.e. the minimum lease payments and the estimated residual value, is recorded as unearned lease interest income. The discount rate used in determining the present values is the interest rate implicit in the lease. The present value of the minimum lease payments, computed using the interest rate implicit in the lease, is recorded as the sales price, from which the carrying value of the vessel at the commencement of the lease is deducted in order to determine the profit or loss on sale. Unearned lease interest income is amortized to income over the period of the lease so as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in lease.
Revenue from vessel management is recognized each day the vessel is managed and when collection is reasonably assured.
Project revenue is recorded on the completed contract basis when the project is substantially complete and the collectability of any outstanding funds is reasonably assured. Funds received from customers prior to substantial completion of the contract are recorded as deferred revenue.
(j) | Leases: |
Leases, where the Company is the lessee, are classified as either capital leases or operating leases based on an assessment of the terms of the lease.
For sale-leaseback transactions, the Company, as seller-lessee, would recognize a gain or loss over the term of the lease as an adjustment to the lease expense, unless the loss is required to be recognized immediately by accounting standards. The term of the lease includes the fixed non-cancelable term of the lease plus all renewal periods such that renewal appears reasonably assured.
(k) | Derivative financial instruments: |
The Companys hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. The Company has entered into interest rate swaps and swaptions to reduce the Companys exposure to changing interest rates on its credit and lease facilities.
All of the Companys derivatives are measured at their fair value at the end of each period. For derivatives not designated as accounting hedges, changes in their fair value are recorded in earnings.
The Company had previously designated certain of its interest rate swaps as accounting hedges and applied hedge accounting to those instruments. While hedge accounting was applied, the effective portion of the unrealized gains or losses on those designated interest rate swaps was recorded in other comprehensive loss.
By September 30, 2008, the Company de-designated all of the interest rate swaps it had accounted for as hedges to that date. Subsequent to their de-designation dates, changes in their fair value are recorded in earnings.
F-12
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
The Company evaluates whether the occurrence of any of the previously hedged interest payments are considered to be remote. When the previously hedged interest payments are not considered remote of occurring, unrealized gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with the previously designated interest rate swaps are recognized in earnings when and where the interest payments are recognized. If such interest payments are identified as being remote, the accumulated other comprehensive income balance pertaining to these amounts is reversed through earnings immediately.
(l) | Fair value measurement: |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:
| Level 1Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. |
| Level 2Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. |
| Level 3Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
(m) | Share-based compensation: |
The Company has granted restricted shares, phantom share units, stock appreciation rights (SARs) and restricted stock units to certain of its officers, members of management and directors as compensation. Compensation cost is measured at their grant date fair values. Under this method, restricted shares, phantom share units and restricted stock units are measured based on the quoted market price of the Companys Class A common shares at date of the grant, and SARs are measured at fair value using the Monte Carlo model. The fair value of each grant is recognized straight-line over the requisite service period.
(n) | Earnings per share: |
The Company had multiple classes of common shares with different participation rights and applied the two-class method to compute basic earnings per share (EPS) until the acquisition and cancellation of those shares in January 2012.
The treasury stock method is used to compute the dilutive effect of the Companys share-based compensation awards. Under this method, the incremental number of shares used in computing diluted EPS is the difference between the number of shares assumed issued and purchased using assumed proceeds.
The if-converted method was used to compute the dilutive effect of the Companys Series A preferred shares until January 30, 2014, the date the Companys outstanding 200,000 Series A preferred shares
F-13
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
automatically converted into Class A common shares. Under the if-converted method, dividends applicable to the Series A preferred shares were added back to earnings attributable to common shareholders, and the Series A preferred shares and paid-in kind dividends were assumed to have been converted at the share price applicable at the end of the period. The if-converted method was applied to the computation of diluted EPS only if the effect was dilutive.
The dividends applicable to the Series C, D and E preferred shares reduce the earnings available to common shareholders, even if not declared, since the dividends are cumulative.
(o) | Use of estimates: |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting fiscal periods. Areas where accounting judgments and estimates are significant to the Company include the assessment of the vessel useful lives, expected salvage values and the recoverability of the carrying value of vessels which are subject to future market events, carrying value of goodwill and the fair value of interest rate derivative financial instruments and share-based awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(p) | Comparative information: |
Certain information has been reclassified to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for the current year.
(q) | Recent accounting pronouncements: |
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, that introduced a new five-step revenue recognition model to be used to determine how an entity should recognize revenue related to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services.
This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on our consolidated financial statements.
3. | Acquisition of Seaspan Management Services Limited: |
On January 27, 2012, the Company acquired 100 percent of Seaspan Management Services Limited (the Manager), an affiliated privately owned company that has provided technical, administrative and strategic services to the Company. The Companys acquisition of the Manager has increased its control over access to the fixed-rate services that the Manager provides to the Company on a long-term basis, and reduced certain conflicts between the Company and its directors who have interests in the Manager.
F-14
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
The aggregate purchase price was $106,518,000, including:
4,220,728 of the Companys Class A common shares |
$ | 66,899 | ||
Contingent consideration |
18,437 | |||
Settlement of intercompany balances |
20,022 | |||
Stock based compensation |
1,160 | |||
|
|
|||
Aggregate purchase price |
$ | 106,518 | ||
|
|
Under the Share Purchase Agreement, $7,500,000 or 586,212 shares of Class A common shares were deposited in escrow for settlement of potential indemnifiable damages. The escrowed shares were released on January 30, 2013, the end of the escrow period.
The value of the Companys Class A common shares issued was determined based on the closing market price of those common shares on January 26, 2012.
The contingent consideration arrangement requires the Company to pay the former owners of the Manager additional consideration of 39,081 of the Companys Class A common shares for each of certain containerships ordered or acquired by the Company, Greater China Intermodal Investments LLC (GCI) or Blue Water Commerce, LLC (collectively, the Contingency Parties) after December 12, 2011 and prior to August 15, 2014 and which are to be managed by the Manager or the Company. The fair value of the contingent consideration is based on the estimated containership orders and acquisitions of each of the Contingency Parties prior to August 15, 2014.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, total shares issued related to this contingent consideration arrangement were 195,404 (2013820,697).
For the year ended December 31, 2014, no acquisition-related costs (2013nil; 2012$1,184,000) have been included in general and administrative expense in the Companys consolidated statements of operations.
4. | Related party transactions: |
(a) | At December 31, 2014, the Company had $237,908,000 (2013$54,068,000) due from GCI recorded as loans to affiliate. This amount includes the following: |
| The Company had $219,841,000 (2013$53,309,000) due from GCI for payments made in connection with vessels that GCI will acquire pursuant to a right of first refusal. These loans, which are due on demand, bear interest at rates ranging from 5% to 7% per annum. |
| In August 2014, GCI issued a promissory note to the Company for $25,000,000 which bears interest at 7% per annum. In September 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with GCI to reallocate two of the Companys vessels for two of the vessels that GCI had previously selected under the right of first refusal, resulting in a payable to GCI of which $9,780,000 which was applied against the promissory note. In December 2014, the Company made a capital contribution of $6,667,000 which was applied against the promissory note (notes 8(a) and 15(b)). |
| The interest receivable on these amounts is $9,514,000 (2013$759,000). |
The Company also had $8,195,000 (2013$2,084,000) due from GCI included in accounts receivable and $6,788,000 (2013$611,000) due to GCI included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
F-15
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
The Company also had $1,454,000 (2013$1,614,000) due from other related parties included in accounts receivable.
(b) | The Company incurred the following income or expenses with related parties: |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Fees paid: |
||||||||||||
Arrangement fees |
$ | 4,520 | $ | 6,631 | $ | 1,790 | ||||||
Transaction fees |
7,323 | 3,532 | 123 | |||||||||
Reimbursed expenses |
237 | 72 | | |||||||||
Income received: |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
9,888 | 1,150 | | |||||||||
Management fees |
913 | 69 | |
The income or expenses with related parties relate to amounts paid to or received from individuals or entities that are associated with the Companys directors or officers and these transactions are governed by pre-arranged contracts.
Arrangement fees are paid to related parties in connection with services associated with debt or lease financing and are generally recorded as deferred financing fees and amortized over the term of the related debt or lease.
Transaction fees are paid to related parties in connection with services they provided related to newbuild contracts, purchase or sale contracts and are capitalized to vessels.
Arrangement fees and transaction fees are paid either in cash or, at the Companys discretion, a combination of cash and up to 50% in the Companys common shares (note 14(iv)).
Interest income is earned on loans to affiliate.
Management fees are earned from GCI for the management of GCIs vessels and are included in revenue.
(c) | Prior to the acquisition of the Manager on January 27, 2012, the Company had management agreements with the Manager for the provision of certain services and incurred costs of $9,700,000 (technical services, including $421,000 relating to dry-dock activities) and $410,000 (other services) for the 26 days prior to acquisition in 2012. |
5. | Gross investment in lease: |
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Gross investment in lease |
$ | 58,953 | $ | 80,123 | ||||
Current portion |
(21,170 | ) | (21,170 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 37,783 | $ | 58,953 | |||||
|
|
|
|
In 2011, the Company entered into five-year bareboat charters for four of its vessels whereby the lessee will purchase the vessels for $5,000,000 each at the end of each lease term. Each lease is considered a sales type lease and was accounted for as a disposition of the vessel upon its delivery in 2011. The gross investment is offset by deferred interest on lease receivable.
F-16
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
6. | Vessels: |
December 31, 2014 |
Cost | Accumulated depreciation |
Net book value |
|||||||||
Vessels |
$ | 5,708,685 | $ | 894,964 | $ | 4,813,721 | ||||||
Vessels under construction |
282,002 | | 282,002 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Vessels |
$ | 5,990,687 | $ | 894,964 | $ | 5,095,723 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
December 31, 2013 |
Cost | Accumulated depreciation |
Net book value |
|||||||||
Vessels |
$ | 5,391,713 | $ | 720,814 | $ | 4,670,899 | ||||||
Vessels under construction |
321,372 | | 321,372 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Vessels |
$ | 5,713,085 | $ | 720,814 | $ | 4,992,271 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company capitalized interest costs of $8,184,000 (2013$2,873,000; 2012$2,983,000) to vessels under construction.
On June 1, 2012, the $53,000,000 term loan credit facility with a U.S. bank matured upon expiration of the UASC Madinah time charter. On June 27, 2012, the Company sold the UASC Madinah to that U.S. bank for $52,104,000, the amount outstanding under the term loan resulting in a gain on vessel of $9,773,000. The Company is leasing the vessel back for approximately nine years under an operating lease.
7. | Deferred charges: |
Dry-docking | Financing fees |
Total | ||||||||||
December 31, 2012 |
$ | 12,694 | $ | 31,122 | $ | 43,816 | ||||||
Cost incurred |
3,500 | 25,131 | 28,631 | |||||||||
Amortization expensed(a) |
(3,947 | ) | (9,477 | ) | (13,424 | ) | ||||||
Refinancing expenses and costs(b) |
| (4,038 | ) | (4,038 | ) | |||||||
Amortization capitalized |
| (1,014 | ) | (1,014 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
December 31, 2013 |
$ | 12,247 | $ | 41,724 | $ | 53,971 | ||||||
Cost incurred |
11,318 | 19,445 | 30,763 | |||||||||
Amortization expensed(a) |
(5,059 | ) | (10,342 | ) | (15,401 | ) | ||||||
Refinancing expenses and recoveries(b) |
| (3,279 | ) | (3,279 | ) | |||||||
Amortization capitalized |
| (1,399 | ) | (1,399 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
December 31, 2014 |
$ | 18,506 | $ | 46,149 | $ | 64,655 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) | Amortization of dry-docking amounts is included in depreciation and amortization. Amortization of financing fees is included in amortization of deferred charges, unless it qualifies for capitalization. |
(b) | In December 2014, the Company negotiated an early termination of its lease financing structure related to five 4500 TEU vessels. In connection with the early termination, the Company wrote off deferred financing fees of approximately $945,000. |
F-17
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
On April 3, 2014, the Company issued senior unsecured notes for gross proceeds of $345,000,000. A portion of these proceeds was used to repay its $125,000,000 credit facility. As a result, the Company incurred refinancing expenses and costs of approximately $2,334,000.
In December 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to extend and refinance its $1.0 billion revolving credit facility, or the Facility (note 10). In connection with the refinancing, the Company incurred refinancing expenses and costs of approximately $4,038,000.
8. | Other assets: |
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Equity investment in affiliate(a) |
$ | 19,555 | $ | 4,299 | ||||
Restricted cash(b) |
13,855 | 73,855 | ||||||
Intangible assets |
2,525 | 2,695 | ||||||
Capital assets |
1,579 | 471 | ||||||
Other |
29,794 | 25,624 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other assets |
$ | 67,308 | $ | 106,944 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | On March 14, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement to participate in GCI, an investment vehicle established by an affiliate of The Carlyle Group. GCI will invest up to $900,000,000 equity capital in containership assets strategic to the Peoples Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. The Company agreed to make a minority investment in GCI of up to $100,000,000 during the investment period, which is anticipated to be up to five years. The Company accounts for its 10.8% investment in GCI using the equity method. The investment of $19,555,000 is comprised of the Companys capital contribution of $21,408,000 (2013$6,408,000) less its cumulative equity loss on investment of $1,853,000 (2013$2,109,000). |
(b) | Included in this amount is nil (2013$60,000,000) which was placed in a deposit account over which the former lessor had a first priority interest (note 11(a)(i)). |
9. | Deferred revenue: |
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Deferred revenue on time charters |
$ | 21,889 | $ | 21,099 | ||||
Deferred interest on lease receivable |
4,143 | 7,903 | ||||||
Other deferred revenue |
8,982 | 2,824 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred revenue |
35,014 | 31,826 | ||||||
Current portion |
(27,671 | ) | (27,683 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred revenue |
$ | 7,343 | $ | 4,143 | ||||
|
|
|
|
F-18
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
10. | Long-term debt: |
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Long-term debt: |
||||||||
Revolving credit facilities(a) |
$ | 1,301,920 | $ | 2,268,841 | ||||
Term loan credit facilities(b) |
1,735,499 | 972,777 | ||||||
Senior unsecured notes(c) |
345,000 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-term debt |
3,382,419 | 3,241,618 | ||||||
Current portion |
(298,010 | ) | (388,159 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-term debt |
$ | 3,084,409 | $ | 2,853,459 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | Revolving credit facilities: |
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had four long-term revolving credit facilities (Revolvers) available and a line of credit, which provided for aggregate borrowings of up to $1,307,046,000 (2013$2,388,284,000), of which $5,126,000 (2013$119,443,000) was undrawn. One of the term loan credit facilities (Term Loans) has a revolving loan component and this component has been included in the Revolvers.
At December 2013, the Company had an outstanding balance of approximately $1.0 billion under a revolving credit facility that matures in May 2015. In December 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to extend and refinance the Facility. Effective January 31, 2014, the maturity date for the Facility was extended from May 2015 to May 2019, the outstanding amount of the Facility was reduced to $433,800,000 and the margin was increased. The reduction in the outstanding amount of the Facility was funded by drawing $340,000,000 under existing credit facilities, one of which is secured by certain vessels that were pledged as collateral under the Facility, and approximately $260,000,000 of cash on hand.
On March 27, 2014, the Company cancelled its $150,000,000 revolving credit facility. No amounts were drawn under this facility as of that date.
On May 1, 2014, the Company entered into a 364-day unsecured revolving credit facility with various banks for up to $100,000,000. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. At December 31, 2014, $100,000,000 has been drawn under this facility.
The Revolvers mature between April 30, 2015 and December 31, 2023.
Based on the Revolvers outstanding at December 31, 2014, the minimum repayments for the balances outstanding are as follows:
2015 |
$ | 167,593 | ||
2016 |
70,417 | |||
2017 |
111,201 | |||
2018 |
73,355 | |||
2019 |
205,188 | |||
Thereafter |
674,166 | |||
|
|
|||
$ | 1,301,920 | |||
|
|
F-19
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Interest is calculated as one month or three month LIBOR plus a margin per annum, depending on the interest period selected by the Company. At December 31, 2014, the one month and three month LIBOR was 0.2% (20130.2%) and the margins ranged between 0.5% and 1.3% (20130.5% and 0.9%). The weighted average rate of interest, including the margin, was 0.8% at December 31, 2014 (20130.8%).
The Company is subject to commitment fees ranging between 0.2% and 0.4% calculated on the undrawn amounts under the various facilities.
The Revolver loan payments are made in quarterly or semi-annual payments commencing six or thirty-six months after delivery of the associated newbuilding containership.
(b) | Term loan credit facilities: |
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had 13 Term Loans available, which provided for aggregate borrowings of up to $2,075,499,000 (2013$1,739,497,000), of which $340,000,000 (2013$766,720,000) was undrawn. One of the Term Loans has a revolving loan component and this component has been included in the Revolvers.
On June 30, 2014, the Company entered into a term loan facility with a European bank for up to $83,000,000 to finance the construction of one newbuilding containership. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. At December 31, 2014, no amount has been drawn under this facility.
On December 24, 2014, the Company entered into a term loan facility with a U.S. bank and an Australian bank for up to $67,040,000 to re-finance the purchase of two 4500 TEU containerships. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. At December 31, 2014, $67,040,000 has been drawn under this facility.
The Term Loans mature between July 9, 2017 and April 23, 2025.
Based on the Term Loans outstanding at December 31, 2014, the minimum repayments for the balances outstanding are as follows:
2015 |
$ | 130,417 | ||
2016 |
140,207 | |||
2017 |
164,757 | |||
2018 |
142,905 | |||
2019 |
355,249 | |||
Thereafter |
801,964 | |||
|
|
|||
$ | 1,735,499 | |||
|
|
For certain of our Term Loans with a total principal outstanding of $1,614,394,000 interest is calculated as one month, three month or six month LIBOR plus a margin per annum, depending on the interest period selected by the Company. At December 31, 2014, the one month, three month and six month LIBOR was 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively (20130.2%, 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively) and the margins ranged between 0.4% and 4.8% (20130.4% and 4.8%).
For certain of our Term Loans with a total principal outstanding of $116,605,000, interest is calculated based on the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) plus 0.7% per annum.
F-20
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
For certain of our Term Loans with a total principal outstanding of $4,500,000, the loans bear interest of 6% per annum.
The weighted average rate of interest, including the margin, was 2.8% at December 31, 2014 (2013 2.7%).
The Company is subject to commitment fees ranging between 0.2% and 1.1% calculated on the undrawn amounts under the various facilities.
The Term Loan payments are made in quarterly or semi-annual payments commencing three, six or thirty-six months after delivery of the associated newbuilding containership or utilization date. For certain of our Term Loans with a total principal outstanding of $4,500,000 payment is due on the third anniversary of the delivery date of the underlying vessel.
(c) | Senior unsecured notes: |
On April 3, 2014, the Company issued 13,800,000 senior unsecured notes (the Notes) at a price of $25.00 per note for gross proceeds of $345,000,000. A portion of the Notes were used to repay a $125,000,000 term loan credit facility. The Notes mature on April 30, 2019 and bear interest at a rate of 6.375% per annum, payable quarterly.
(d) | General: |
The security for each of the Companys current credit facilities, except for unsecured term loans, includes:
| A first priority mortgage on the collateral vessels funded by the related credit facility; |
| An assignment of the Companys time charters and earnings related to the related collateral vessels; |
| An assignment of the insurance on each of the vessels that are subject to a related mortgage; |
| An assignment of the Companys related shipbuilding contracts; and |
| A pledge of the related retention accounts. |
The Company may prepay certain amounts outstanding without penalty, other than breakage costs in certain circumstances. Under each of our credit facilities, in certain circumstances a prepayment may be required as a result of certain events including the sale or loss of a vessel, a termination or expiration of a charter (and the inability to enter into a charter suitable to lenders within a period of time) or termination of a shipbuilding contract. The amount that must be prepaid may be calculated based on the loan to market value ratio or some other ratio that takes into account the market value of the relevant vessels.
In these circumstances, valuations of our vessels are conducted on a without charter basis as required under the relevant credit facility agreement. Amounts prepaid in accordance with these provisions may be re-borrowed, subject to certain conditions.
Each credit facility contains financial covenants requiring the Company maintain minimum liquidity, tangible net worth, interest coverage ratios, interest and principal coverage ratios, and debt to assets ratios, as defined. The Company is in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2014.
F-21
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
11. | Other long-term liabilities: |
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Long term obligations under capital lease(a) |
$ | 214,458 | $ | 611,603 | ||||
Deferred gain on sale-leasebacks(c) |
57,627 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other long-term liabilities |
272,085 | 611,603 | ||||||
Current portion |
(18,543 | ) | (38,930 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 253,542 | $ | 572,673 | |||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | Long-term obligations under capital lease: |
The Company, through certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, has entered into non-recourse or limited recourse sale-leaseback arrangements with financial institutions to fund the construction of certain vessels under existing shipbuilding contracts.
Under these arrangements, the Company has agreed to transfer the vessels to the lessors and, commencing on the delivery date of the vessels by the shipyard, lease the vessels back from the lessor over the applicable lease term. In the arrangements where the shipbuilding contracts are novated to the lessors, the lessors assume responsibility for the remaining payments under the shipbuilding contracts.
The leases are accounted for as capital leases. The vessels are recorded as an asset and the lease obligations are recorded as a liability.
In certain of the arrangements, the lessors are companies whose only assets and operations are to hold the Companys leases and vessels. The Company operates the vessels during the lease term and supervises the vessels construction before the lease term begins. As a result, the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary of the lessors and consolidates the lessors for financial reporting purposes. The terms of the leases are as follows:
(i) | Leases for five 4500 TEU vessels: |
Under this lease financing arrangement, the Company had five leases with a subsidiary of a financial institution. The leases were five-year terms that commenced between October 2010 and August 2011. In December 2014, the Company negotiated an early termination of the lease financing structure and, through a series of agreements, regained legal title to the vessels. As a result, the Company paid the termination amounts, funded by cash and the $60,000,000 that was in a cash deposit account over which the lessor had a first priority interest, realized a net gain of $3,763,000 and wrote off deferred financing fees of $945,000.
(ii) | COSCO Pride13100 TEU vessel: |
Under this arrangement, the lessor has provided financing of $144,185,000. The term of the lease is 12 years beginning June 29, 2011, which was the vessels delivery date. Lease payments include an interest component based on three month LIBOR plus a 2.6% margin. At the end of the lease, the outstanding balance of up to $48,000,000 will be due and title of the vessel will transfer to the Company.
F-22
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(iii) | COSCO Faith13100 TEU vessel: |
Under this arrangement, the lessor has provided financing of $109,000,000. The term of the lease is 12 years beginning March 14, 2012, which was the vessels delivery date. Lease payments include an interest component based on three month LIBOR plus a 3.0% margin. At the end of the lease, the Company will have the option to purchase the vessel from the lessor for $1.
As of December 31, 2014, the carrying value of the two vessels funded under remaining facilities was $315,600,000 (20137 vessels $766,321,000).
(b) | Based on maximum amounts funded, payments due to the lessors would be as follows: |
2015 |
$ | 20,226 | ||
2016 |
23,044 | |||
2017 |
23,387 | |||
2018 |
23,731 | |||
2019 |
24,101 | |||
Thereafter |
146,794 | |||
|
|
|||
261,283 | ||||
Less amounts representing interest |
(46,825 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
$ | 214,458 | |||
|
|
(c) | Deferred gain on sale-leaseback: |
During 2014, the Company entered into lease financing arrangements with Asian special purpose companies (SPCs) for four 10000 TEU newbuilding vessels that are chartered to Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd. (MOL). The lease financing arrangements are expected to provide gross financing proceeds of approximately $110,000,000 per vessel or $440,000,000 in total, upon delivery of the vessels. Under the lease financing arrangements, the Company will sell the vessels to the SPCs and lease the vessels back from the SPCs over a term of approximately 8.5 years, with an option to purchase the vessels at the end of the lease term for a pre-determined fair value purchase price. If the purchase option is not exercised, the lease term will be automatically extended for an additional two years.
During 2014, the Company financed three of the vessels through the lease financing arrangements, received gross proceeds of $330,000,000 and recorded a total deferred gain of $59,055,000 on the sale-leasebacks. The deferred gain will be recorded as a reduction of the related operating lease expense over 10.5 years, representing the initial lease term of 8.5 years plus the two year extension.
12. | Share capital: |
(a) | Common shares: |
In addition to Class A common shares, the Company has 25,000,000 Class B common shares and 100 Class C common shares authorized. For each of these classes of common shares, there are nil shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 (2013nil).
The Company has a dividend reinvestment program (DRIP) that allows interested shareholders to reinvest all or a portion of cash dividends received on the Companys common shares. If new common
F-23
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
shares are issued by the Company, the reinvestment price is equal to the average price of the Companys common shares for the five days immediately prior to the reinvestment, less a discount. The discount rate is set by the Board of Directors and is currently 3%. If common shares are purchased in the open market, the reinvestment price is equal to the average price per share paid.
On May 22, 2014, the Company announced that it had entered into an equity distribution agreement with sales agents under which the Company may, from time to time, issue Class A common shares in one or more at-the-market (ATM) offerings up to an aggregate of $75,000,000 in gross sales proceeds. Sales of such Class A common shares will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions on the New York Stock Exchange at market prices, in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed between the Company and the sales agents. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company issued 206,600 Class A common shares under the ATM program for gross proceeds of $4,733,000.
On November 25, 2013, the Company issued 3,500,000 Class A common shares at a price of $22.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $77,000,000.
On February 26, 2012, the Company adopted an open market share repurchase plan of up to $50,000,000 of its Class A common shares. During the year ended December 31, 2012, 148,101 Class A common shares were repurchased via the open market repurchase plan for $2,203,000.
On January 19, 2012, the Company accepted the re-purchase of 11,300,000 Class A common shares at a price of $15.00 per share, for an aggregate cost of $170,609,000 including fees and expenses of $1,110,000 relating to the tender offer.
(b) | Preferred shares: |
On January 28, 2014, the Company held a special meeting of shareholders and approved an increase to the number of the Companys authorized shares of preferred stock from 65,000,000 to 150,000,000 with a corresponding increase in the number of authorized shares of capital stock from 290,000,100 to 375,000,100.
As at December 31, 2014, the Company had the following preferred shares outstanding:
Liquidation preference | ||||||||||||||||
Shares | December
31, 2014 |
December
31, 2013 |
||||||||||||||
Series |
Authorized | Issued | ||||||||||||||
A |
315,000 | | $ | | $ | 344,262 | ||||||||||
B |
260,000 | | | | ||||||||||||
C |
40,000,000 | 13,665,531 | 341,638 | 341,638 | ||||||||||||
D |
20,000,000 | 5,105,000 | 127,625 | 127,625 | ||||||||||||
E |
15,000,000 | 5,400,000 | 135,000 | | ||||||||||||
R |
1,000,000 | | | |
(i) | Series A preferred shares: |
On January 30, 2014, the Companys outstanding 200,000 Series A preferred shares automatically converted into a total of 23,177,175 Class A common shares.
F-24
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(ii) | Series C preferred shares: |
The Series C preferred shares were issued for cash and pay cumulative quarterly dividends at a rate of 9.5% per annum from their date of issuance. At any time on or after January 30, 2016, the Series C preferred shares may be redeemed, in whole or in part at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus unpaid dividends. If the Company fails to comply with certain covenants, default on any of its credit facilities, fails to pay dividends or if the Series C preferred shares are not redeemed at the option of the Company, in whole by January 30, 2017, the dividend rate payable on the Series C preferred shares increases quarterly, subject to an aggregate maximum rate per annum of 25% prior to January 30, 2016 and 30% thereafter, to a rate that is 1.25 times the dividend rate payable on the Series C preferred shares. The Series C preferred shares are not convertible into common shares and are not redeemable at the option of the holder.
In September 2013, the Company repurchased 320,000 of its 9.5% Series C Preferred Shares at $26.50 per share for a total of approximately $8,560,000. On September 11, 2013, the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $25,000,000 of its 9.5% Series C preferred shares. The share repurchase authorization expired in July 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2014, nil Series C preferred shares (201314,469) were repurchased for a total of approximately nil (2013$390,000) via the open market repurchase plan.
(iv) | Series D preferred shares: |
On December 13, 2012, the Company issued 3,105,000 Series D preferred shares for gross proceeds of $77,625,000. On November 8, 2013, the Company issued an additional 2,000,000 Series D preferred shares for gross proceeds of $50,000,000. The Series D preferred shares were issued for cash and pay cumulative quarterly dividends at a rate of 7.95% per annum from their date of issuance. At any time on or after January 30, 2018, the Series D preferred shares may be redeemed by the Company, in whole or in part at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus unpaid dividends. The Series D preferred shares are not convertible into common shares and are not redeemable at the option of the holder.
(v) | Series E preferred shares: |
On February 13, 2014, the Company issued 5,400,000 Series E preferred shares for gross proceeds of $135,000,000. The Series E preferred shares were issued for cash and pay cumulative quarterly dividends at a rate of 8.25% per annum from their date of issuance. At any time on or after February 13, 2019, the Series E preferred shares may be redeemed by the Company, in whole or in part at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus unpaid dividends. The Series E preferred shares are not convertible into common shares and are not redeemable at the option of the holder.
F-25
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
13. | Earnings per share: |
(a) | Earnings per share computation: |
The Company applies the if-converted method to determine the EPS impact for the convertible Series A preferred shares for those periods prior to the conversion of the Series A preferred shares on January 30, 2014. The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the basic and diluted EPS computations.
For the year ended December 31, 2014 |
Earnings (numerator) |
Shares (denominator) |
Per share amount |
|||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 131,247 | ||||||||||
Less: |
||||||||||||
Preferred share dividends: |
||||||||||||
Series A |
(3,395 | ) | ||||||||||
Series C |
(33,623 | ) | ||||||||||
Series D |
(10,036 | ) | ||||||||||
Series E |
(9,776 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Basic EPS: |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 74,417 | 93,402,000 | $ | 0.80 | |||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| 131,000 | ||||||||||
Contingent consideration |
| 117,000 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted EPS(1): |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 74,417 | 93,650,000 | $ | 0.79 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2013 |
Earnings (numerator) |
Shares (denominator) |
Per share amount |
|||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 299,028 | ||||||||||
Less: |
||||||||||||
Preferred share dividends: |
||||||||||||
Series A |
(38,390 | ) | ||||||||||
Series C |
(34,035 | ) | ||||||||||
Series D |
(6,744 | ) | ||||||||||
Series C preferred share repurchases |
(660 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Basic EPS: |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 219,199 | 65,273,000 | $ | 3.36 | |||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| 306,000 | ||||||||||
Contingent consideration |
| 567,000 | ||||||||||
Shares held in escrow |
| 47,000 | ||||||||||
Convertible Series A preferred shares |
38,390 | 21,641,000 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted EPS: |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversion |
$ | 257,589 | 87,834,000 | $ | 2.93 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
Earnings (numerator) |
Shares (denominator) |
Per share amount |
|||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 121,305 | ||||||||||
Less: |
||||||||||||
Preferred share dividends: |
||||||||||||
Series A |
(34,195 | ) | ||||||||||
Series C |
(34,112 | ) | ||||||||||
Series D |
(309 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Basic EPS: |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 52,689 | 62,923,240 | $ | 0.84 | |||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| 238,000 | ||||||||||
Contingent consideration |
| 1,236,000 | ||||||||||
Shares held in escrow |
| 545,000 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted EPS(1): |
||||||||||||
Earnings attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversion |
$ | 52,689 | 64,942,240 | $ | 0.81 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | The convertible Series A preferred shares are not included in the computation of diluted EPS because their effects are anti-dilutive for the period the shares were outstanding. |
14. | Share-based compensation: |
In December 2005, the Companys Board of Directors adopted the Seaspan Corporation Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan), under which our officers, employees and directors may be granted options, restricted shares, phantom shares, and other stock-based awards as may be determined by the Companys Board of Directors. A total of 2,000,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the Plan, which is administered by the Companys Board of Directors. The Plan expires ten years from the date of its adoption. At December 31, 2014, there are 578,598 (2013764,848) remaining shares left for issuance under this Plan.
F-27
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
A summary of the Companys outstanding restricted shares, phantom share units, SARs and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2014 is presented below:
Restricted shares | Phantom share units | Stock appreciation rights | Restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of shares |
W.A. grant date FV |
Number of units |
W.A. grant date FV |
Number of SARs |
W.A. grant date FV |
Number of units |
W.A. grant date FV |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2011 |
43,200 | $ | 13.04 | 522,000 | $ | 12.78 | | $ | | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
63,653 | 14.17 | 40,000 | 17.68 | 5,674,148 | 2.03 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(43,200 | ) | 13.04 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 |
63,653 | 14.17 | 562,000 | 13.13 | 5,674,148 | 2.03 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
54,990 | 17.01 | 95,000 | 19.30 | 1,664,457 | 3.51 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(65,578 | ) | 14.25 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercised |
| | | | (241,906 | ) | 3.65 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancelled |
(4,185 | ) | 17.01 | | | (23,754 | ) | 3.51 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2013 |
48,880 | 17.01 | 657,000 | 14.02 | 7,072,945 | 2.32 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
43,936 | 22.57 | 70,000 | 23.04 | | | 72,314 | 23.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(48,880 | ) | 17.01 | | | | | (37,238 | ) | 23.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercised |
| | | | (1,193,529 | ) | 2.42 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchanged |
| | (20,000 | ) | 19.00 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancelled |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2014 |
43,936 | $ | 22.57 | 707,000 | $ | 14.77 | 5,879,416 | $ | 2.30 | 35,076 | $ | 23.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 2014, the Company recognized $7,701,000 (2013$14,004,000; 2012$3,278,000) in compensation cost related to the above share-based compensation awards.
At December 31, 2014, there was $3,041,000 (2013$6,472,000) of total unrecognized compensation costs relating to unvested share-based compensation awards which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 18 months.
(i) | Restricted shares and phantom share units: |
Class A common shares are issued on a one for one basis in exchange for the cancellation of vested restricted shares and phantom share units. The restricted shares generally vest over one year and the phantom share units generally vest over three years. During 2014, the total fair value of restricted shares vested was $831,000 (2013$935,000; 2012$563,000) and the total fair value of shares cancelled was nil (2013$71,000; 2012nil).
As vested outstanding phantom share units are only exchanged for common shares upon written notice from the holder, the phantom share units that are exchanged for common shares may include units that vested in prior periods. At December 31, 2014, 560,000 (2013460,000) of the outstanding phantom share units were vested and available for exchange by the holder.
F-28
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(ii) | Share appreciation rights: |
On December 7, 2012, the Company granted 5,674,148 SARs to an executive of the Company which vest and become exercisable in three tranches when and if the fair market value of the common shares equals or exceeds the applicable base price for each tranche for any 20 consecutive trading days on or before the expiration date of each tranche. The executive may exercise each vested tranche of SARs and receive common shares with a value equal to the difference between the applicable base price and the fair market value of the common shares on the exercise date.
On March 27, 2013, the Company granted 1,664,457 SARs to certain members of management (the Participants) which vest and become exercisable in three tranches when and if the fair market value of the common shares equals or exceeds the applicable base price for each tranche for any 20 consecutive trading days on or before the expiration date of each tranche. The Participants may exercise each vested tranche of SARs and receive common shares with a value equal to the difference between the applicable base price and the fair market value of the common shares on the exercise date. The common shares received on the exercise of SARs are subject to a retention requirement where the Participant is required to retain ownership of 50% of the net after tax number of shares until the later of March 22, 2018 or 120 days after the exercise date.
The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo model to calculate the grant date fair value of the SARs were as follows:
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Average expected term |
3.8 years | 1.5 years | ||||||
Expected volatility |
39.73% | 40.12% | ||||||
Dividend yield |
4.97% | 5.74% | ||||||
Average risk free rate |
0.50% | 0.47% |
The following table provides information about the three tranches of SARs granted:
Number of SARs granted | ||||||||||||||||
Base price | Expiration date | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Tranche 1 |
$ | 21.50 | December 7, 2015 | 531,885 | 1,846,154 | |||||||||||
Tranche 2 |
24.00 | December 7, 2016 | 556,946 | 1,898,734 | ||||||||||||
Tranche 3 |
26.50 | December 7, 2017 | 575,626 | 1,929,260 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total |
1,664,457 | 5,674,148 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(iii) | Restricted stock units: |
On June 12, 2014, under the Companys Cash and Share Bonus Plan, the Company granted a total of 72,314 restricted stock units to eligible participants, of which 39,399 restricted stock units relate to 2012 and 32,915 restricted stock units relate to 2013. The restricted stock units generally vest over three years, in equal one-third amounts on each anniversary date of the date of the grant. The restricted stock units are valued at the market price of the underlying securities on the grant date and the compensation expense, based on the estimated number of awards expected to vest, is recognized over the three-year vesting period. Upon vesting of the restricted stock units, the participant will receive shares.
F-29
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(iv) | Other share-based awards: |
During the year the Company incurred $7,323,000 (2013$3,532,000; 2012$123,000) in transaction fees that were capitalized to vessels of which $3,662,000 (2013$1,766,000; 2012$62,000) were paid in Class A common shares.
During the year the Company incurred $4,520,000 (2013$6,631,000; 2012$1,790,000) in arrangement fees that were primarily capitalized to deferred financing fees of which $2,260,000 (2013$2,666,000; 2012$895,000) were paid in Class A common shares.
The Company also recognized $600,000 (2013$600,000; 2012$750,000) in share-based compensation expenses related to the accrued portion of performance based bonuses that are expected to be settled in stock-based awards in future periods. The number of shares issued under each of these arrangements are based on volume weighted average share prices as defined in the underlying agreements.
15. | Other information: |
(a) | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: |
The principal components of accounts payable and accrued liabilities are:
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Due to related parties (note 4) |
$ | 6,788 | $ | 611 | ||||
Accrued interest |
20,723 | 22,273 | ||||||
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities |
37,697 | 42,750 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 65,208 | $ | 65,634 | |||||
|
|
|
|
(b) | Supplemental cash flow information: |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Interest paid on debt |
$ | 91,450 | $ | 59,999 | $ | 64,123 | ||||||
Interest received |
1,211 | 1,265 | 634 | |||||||||
Undrawn credit facility fee paid |
3,512 | 1,656 | 900 | |||||||||
Non-cash transactions: |
||||||||||||
Long-term debt for vessels under construction |
161,420 | 54,080 | 71,400 | |||||||||
Dividends on Series A preferred shares |
3,395 | 38,390 | 34,195 | |||||||||
Dividend reinvestment |
64,697 | 31,961 | 7,168 | |||||||||
Loan repayment for vessels under construction |
29,680 | 6,560 | | |||||||||
Arrangement and transaction fees (note 14) |
6,753 | 3,342 | 1,141 | |||||||||
Vessel reallocation (note 4) |
11,533 | | | |||||||||
Fair value of financial instruments |
50,278 | | | |||||||||
Capital contribution through loans to affiliate |
15,000 | | | |||||||||
Other long-term liabilities for vessels under construction |
| | 84,787 | |||||||||
Acquisition of the Manager for shares, excluding cash received |
| | 82,607 | |||||||||
Proceeds on sale of vessel |
| | 52,104 |
F-30
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
16. | Commitments and contingent obligations: |
(a) | As of December 31, 2014, the minimum future revenues to be received on committed time charter party agreements and interest income from sales-type capital leases are approximately: |
2015 |
$ | 799,800 | ||
2016 |
836,448 | |||
2017 |
786,780 | |||
2018 |
771,564 | |||
2019 |
743,100 | |||
Thereafter |
2,482,431 | |||
|
|
|||
$6,420,123 | ||||
|
|
The minimum future revenues are based on 100% utilization, relate to committed time charter party agreements currently in effect and assume no renewals or extensions.
(b) | As of December 31, 2014, based on the contractual delivery dates, the Company has outstanding commitments for installment payments for vessels under construction as follows: |
2015 |
$ | 651,469 | ||
2016 |
402,622 | |||
|
|
|||
$ | 1,054,091 | |||
|
|
(c) | As of December 31, 2014, the commitment under operating leases for vessels is $320,020,000 for 2015 to 2025 and office space is $8,311,000 for 2015 to 2019. Total commitments under these leases are as follows: |
2015 |
$ | 32,794 | ||
2016 |
33,079 | |||
2017 |
33,504 | |||
2018 |
33,172 | |||
2019 |
32,738 | |||
Thereafter |
163,044 | |||
|
|
|||
$328,331 | ||||
|
|
F-31
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
17. | Concentrations: |
The Companys revenue is derived from the following customers:
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
COSCON |
$ | 303,357 | $ | 301,842 | $ | 281,469 | ||||||
CSCL Asia |
126,399 | 134,434 | 151,658 | |||||||||
Hapag Lloyd |
77,675 | 65,463 | 58,980 | |||||||||
K-Line |
76,130 | 76,148 | 76,359 | |||||||||
Other |
133,609 | 99,203 | 92,328 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ | 717,170 | $ | 677,090 | $ | 660,794 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
18. | Financial instruments: |
(a) | Fair value: |
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, restricted cash, accounts receivable, loans to affiliate and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values because of their short term to maturity. As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of the Companys Revolving and Term loan credit facilities is $2,911,330,000 (2013$2,897,650,000) and the carrying value is $3,037,419,000 (2013$3,241,618,000). As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of the Companys other long-term liabilities, excluding the deferred gains, is $217,134,000 (2013$587,733,000) and the carrying value is $214,458,000 (2013$611,603,000). The fair value of the Revolving credit facilities, Term loan credit facilities and other long-term liabilities, excluding the deferred gains, are estimated based on expected principal repayments and interest, discounted by relevant forward rates plus a margin appropriate to the credit risk of the Company. Therefore, the Company has categorized the fair value of these financial instruments as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of the Companys senior unsecured notes is $342,240,000 (December 31, 2013nil) and the carrying value is $345,000,000 (December 31, 2013nil). The fair value of senior unsecured notes is calculated based on a quoted price that is readily and regularly available in an active market. Therefore, the Company has categorized the fair value of these financial instruments as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
The Companys interest rate derivative financial instruments are re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The fair values of the interest rate derivative financial instruments have been calculated by discounting the future cash flow of both the fixed rate and variable rate interest rate payments. The discount rate was derived from a yield curve created by nationally recognized financial institutions adjusted for the associated credit risk. The fair values of the interest rate derivative financial instruments are determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. Therefore, the Company has categorized the fair value of these derivative financial instruments as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
(b) | Interest rate derivative financial instruments: |
The Company uses interest rate derivative financial instruments, consisting of interest rate swaps and interest rate swaptions, to manage its interest rate risk associated with its variable rate debt. Prior to 2008, the Company applied hedge accounting to certain of its interest rate swaps. In 2008, the
F-32
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Company voluntarily de-designated all such interest rate swaps as accounting hedges such that the Company no longer applies hedge accounting. The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the interest rate swaps to which hedge accounting was previously applied are recognized in earnings when and where the related interest is recognized in earnings.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives:
Fixed per |
Notional amount as of December 31, 2014 |
Maximum notional amount(1) |
Effective date | Ending date | ||||||||||||
5.6400% | $ | 714,500 | $ | 714,500 | August 31, 2007 | August 31, 2017 | (2) | |||||||||
5.4200% | 438,462 | 438,462 | September 6, 2007 | May 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
5.9450% | 266,944 | 266,944 | January 30, 2014 | May 31, 2019 | (3) | |||||||||||
5.6000% | 175,200 | 175,200 | June 23, 2010 | December 23, 2021 | (2) | |||||||||||
5.0275% | 111,000 | 111,000 | May 31, 2007 | September 30, 2015 | ||||||||||||
5.5950% | 103,500 | 103,500 | August 28, 2009 | August 28, 2020 | ||||||||||||
5.2600% | 103,500 | 103,500 | July 3, 2006 | February 26, 2021 | (2)(4) | |||||||||||
5.2000% | 80,640 | 80,640 | December 18, 2006 | October 2, 2015 | ||||||||||||
5.4975% | 52,400 | 52,400 | July 31, 2012 | July 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||
5.1700% | 24,000 | 24,000 | April 30, 2007 | May 29, 2020 | ||||||||||||
5.8700% | | 620,390 | August 31, 2017 | November 28, 2025 |
(1) | Over the term of the interest rate swaps, the notional amounts increase and decrease. These amounts represent the peak notional over the remaining term of the swap. |
(2) | Prospectively de-designated as an accounting hedge in 2008. |
(3) | On January 30, 2014, the Company terminated its swap that had an effective date of July 16, 2012 and a pay fixed rate of 5.175% and entered into a new swap with an effective date of January 30, 2014 and a pay fixed rate of 5.945%. The early termination of the swap resulted in a loss of $4,492,000 recorded in change in fair value of financial instruments. |
(4) | The Company entered into a swaption agreement with a bank (Swaption Counterparty A) whereby Swaption Counterparty A had the option to require the Company to enter into an interest rate swap to pay LIBOR and receive a fixed rate of 5.26%. This was a European option and was open for a two hour period on February 26, 2014 after which it expired. The notional amount of the underlying swap was $106,800,000 with an effective date of February 28, 2014 and an expiration of February 26, 2021. If Swaption Counterparty A exercised the swaption, the underlying swap would effectively offset the Companys 5.26% pay fixed LIBOR swap from February 28, 2014 to February 26, 2021. This option was not exercised by Swaption Counterparty A. |
In addition, the Company entered into swaption agreements with a bank (Swaption Counterparty B) whereby Swaption Counterparty B has the option to require the Company to enter into interest rate swaps to pay LIBOR and receive a fixed rate of 1.183% and to pay 0.5% and receive LIBOR, respectively. The notional amounts of the underlying swaps are each $200,000,000 with an effective date of March 2, 2017 and an expiration of March 2, 2027.
F-33
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
The following table provides information about losses included in net earnings and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) into earnings:
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Gain/(Loss) on derivatives recognized in net earnings: |
||||||||||||
Change in fair value of financial instruments |
$ | (105,694 | ) | $ | 60,504 | $ | (135,998 | ) | ||||
Loss reclassified from AOCL to net earnings(1) |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
$ | (4,259 | ) | $ | (5,330 | ) | $ | (8,310 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization |
(1,052 | ) | (882 | ) | (836 | ) |
(1) | The effective portion of changes in unrealized loss on interest rate swaps was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income until September 30, 2008 when these contracts were de-designated as accounting hedges. The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income will be recognized in earnings when and where the previously hedged interest is recognized in earnings. |
The estimated amount of AOCL expected to be reclassified to net earnings within the next twelve months is approximately $4,402,000.
(c) | Foreign exchange derivative instruments: |
The Company is exposed to market risk from foreign currency fluctuations. The Company has entered into foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency fluctuations. At December 31, 2014, the notional amount of the foreign exchange forward contracts is $14,200,000 (2013$12,200,000) and the fair value liability is $638,000 (2013$286,000).
Included in short-term investments is $1,100,000 of restricted cash held as collateral for these foreign currency forward contracts.
(d) | Fair value of asset and liability derivatives: |
The following provides information about the Companys derivatives:
2014 | 2013 | |||||||
Fair value of financial instruments asset |
$ | 37,677 | $ | 60,188 | ||||
Fair value of financial instruments liability |
395,443 | 425,375 |
The following provides information about the effect of the master netting agreement:
December 31, 2014 |
Gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities |
Amounts subject to master netting agreement |
Net amount | |||||||||
Derivative assets |
$ | 37,677 | $ | 26,625 | $ | 11,052 | ||||||
Derivative liabilities |
395,443 | 26,625 | 368,818 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net asset (liability) |
$ | (357,766 | ) | $ | | $ | (357,766 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-34
SEASPAN CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Tabular amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except per share amount and number of shares)
Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
December 31, 2013 |
Gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities |
Amounts subject to master netting agreement |
Net amount | |||||||||
Derivative assets |
$ | 60,188 | $ | 49,534 | $ | 10,654 | ||||||
Derivative liabilities |
425,375 | 49,534 | 375,841 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net asset (liability) |
$ | (365,187 | ) | $ | | $ | (365,187 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
19. | Subsequent events: |
(a) | On January 13, 2015, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.59375, $0.496875 and $0.515625 per Series C, Series D and Series E preferred share, respectively, representing a total distribution of $13,435,000. The dividends were paid on January 30, 2015 to all shareholders of record on January 29, 2015. |
(b) | On January 13, 2015, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.345 per common share. The dividend was paid on January 30, 2015 to all shareholders of record on January 22, 2015. Of the $33,377,000 distribution, $16,310,000 was paid in cash and $17,067,000 was re-invested through the DRIP. |
F-35
SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
SEASPAN CORPORATION | ||
By: |
/s/ Sai W. Chu | |
| ||
Sai W. Chu | ||
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Dated: March 10, 2015