SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 11-K
(Mark One)
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-15749
A. | Full title of the plan and the address of the plan, if different from that of the issuer named below: |
Alliance Data Systems
401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
B. | Name of issuer of the securities held pursuant to the plan and the address of its principal executive office: |
Alliance Data Systems Corporation
17655 Waterview Parkway
Dallas, Texas 75252
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Report on Audits of Financial Statements
As of and for the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
and Supplemental Schedule
As of December 31, 2007
Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 2 | |
Financial Statements |
||
Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits | 3 | |
Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits | 4 | |
Notes to Financial Statements | 5 | |
Supplemental Schedule* |
||
Schedule of Assets Held at End of Year | 13 |
* | All other financial schedules required by Section 2520.103-10 of the U.S. Department of Labors Annual Reporting and Disclosure Requirements under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 have been omitted because they are not applicable. |
1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of Alliance Data
Systems Corporation, Compensation Committee of
the Board of Directors and Plan Administrator
of the Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and
Retirement Savings Plan:
We have audited the accompanying statements of net assets available for benefits of the Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan (the Plan) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related statements of changes in net assets available for benefits for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Plans management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Plan is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Plans internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the net assets available for benefits of the Plan as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the changes in net assets available for benefits for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Our audits were performed for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The supplemental schedule of investments held at end of year December 31, 2007, is presented for the purpose of additional analysis and is not a required part of the basic financial statements but is supplementary information required by the Department of Labors Rules and Regulations for Reporting and Disclosure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The supplemental schedule is the responsibility of the Plans management. The supplemental schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic 2007 financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/ Ary Roepcke Mulchaey, P.C. |
Columbus, Ohio |
June 30, 2008 |
2
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits
December 31, 2007 and 2006
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Assets: |
||||||
Investments at fair value |
$ | 276,311,953 | $ | 214,921,221 | ||
Cash |
1,019,376 | 480,624 | ||||
Receivable for contributions: |
||||||
Employer |
6,046,058 | 7,752,228 | ||||
Participants |
1,022,029 | 811,375 | ||||
Total contributions receivable |
7,068,087 | 8,563,603 | ||||
Due from brokers |
138,421 | 154,905 | ||||
Total assets |
284,537,837 | 224,120,353 | ||||
Liabilities: |
||||||
Administrative fees payable |
781 | 20,766 | ||||
Excess contribution payable |
60,000 | 70,000 | ||||
Due to broker |
946,288 | 29,865 | ||||
Total liabilities |
1,007,069 | 120,631 | ||||
Net assets available for benefits at fair value |
283,530,768 | 223,999,722 | ||||
Adjustment from fair value to contract value for fully benefit-responsive investment contracts |
238,883 | 706,304 | ||||
Net assets available for benefits |
$ | 283,769,651 | $ | 224,706,026 | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits
For the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Additions: |
||||||
Investment income: |
||||||
Net appreciation in fair value of investments |
$ | 2,937,280 | $ | 16,846,281 | ||
Mutual funds earnings |
14,659,688 | 7,363,598 | ||||
Common collective trusts earnings |
1,290,701 | 1,258,462 | ||||
Interest |
419,648 | 318,939 | ||||
Dividends |
46,477 | 22,141 | ||||
Total investment income |
19,353,794 | 25,809,421 | ||||
Contributions: |
||||||
Employer |
16,395,246 | 15,826,370 | ||||
Participants |
23,470,515 | 18,422,101 | ||||
Rollovers |
2,277,835 | 2,341,783 | ||||
Total contributions |
42,143,596 | 36,590,254 | ||||
Total additions |
61,497,390 | 62,399,675 | ||||
Deductions: |
||||||
Distributions to participants |
22,013,465 | 18,720,001 | ||||
Administrative expenses |
267,500 | 262,812 | ||||
Total deductions |
22,280,965 | 18,982,813 | ||||
Net increase prior to transfers |
39,216,425 | 43,416,862 | ||||
Net transfers to plan |
19,847,200 | 2,154,279 | ||||
Net Increase |
59,063,625 | 45,571,141 | ||||
Net assets available for benefits: |
||||||
Beginning of year |
224,706,026 | 179,134,885 | ||||
End of year |
$ | 283,769,651 | $ | 224,706,026 | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
1. Description of the plan
General
The Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan (the Plan) is a defined contribution plan covering certain employees of ADS Alliance Data Systems, Inc. (ADSI) and its affiliates (the Employer). Employees of the Employer 21 years of age or more are generally eligible to participate immediately. Seasonal, temporary and on-call employees who perform more than 1,000 hours of service within one year are also eligible.
The following description of the Plan provides only general information. Participants should refer to the Plan document for a more complete description of the Plans provisions. The Plan is subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) as amended.
Amendments
The Plan was amended effective January 1, 2007 to among other things change the vesting percentage as noted under Vesting below.
Contributions
Employers Contributions
The Employer may authorize a discretionary profit sharing contribution (Profit Sharing Contribution) for eligible classes of employees, which will be a specified percentage of the participants compensation and may be integrated with Social Security to the extent permitted under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). To be eligible a participant be must not have separated from service as of the end of the Plan year unless due to death, total and permanent disability, or retirement on or after normal retirement age. Eligible classes of employees for the year ended December 31, 2007 excluded two business divisions. There were no excluded classes for the year ended December 31, 2006. The annual compensation of each participant taken into account under the Plan is limited to the maximum amount permitted under Section 401(a)(17) of the Code. The annual compensation limit for the Plan years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $225,000 and $220,000, respectively.
The Employers contributions relating to the Profit Sharing Contribution for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $5,716,138 and $7,770,826, respectively.
The Employer will provide a 100% matching contribution on the first 3% and a 50% matching contribution on the next 2% of a participants voluntary contributions based on a payroll period basis for participants who have completed either 180 days of uninterrupted service with the Employer or a year of eligibility service, which ever occurs first. As of the end of the Plan year, the Employer will provide a true up matching contribution based on the above percentages, voluntary contributions and compensation for the Plan year.
5
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
Participants Voluntary Contributions
A participant may elect to make a voluntary tax-deferred or after-tax contribution of 1% to 100% of his or her annual compensation up to the maximum permitted under Section 402(g) of the Code adjusted annually ($15,500 at December 31, 2007). Sections 401(k)(3) and 401(m)(3) of the Code may limit the voluntary contribution.
A participant age 50 and over before the close of the Plan year may elect a catch-up voluntary tax-deferred or after-tax contribution up to $5,000 for the Plan years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
Contributions received from participants for 2007 and 2006 are net of refunds of $85,762 to be made during 2008 and $120,166 made in 2007 to certain active participants to return to them excess deferral contributions as required to satisfy the relevant nondiscrimination provisions of the Plan.
Investment options
The participants direct the investment of their own and the Employers contributions into various investment options offered by the Plan. The Plan currently offers eight mutual funds, two common collective trusts, self directed brokerage accounts, and the Employers common stock (Employer Securities) as investment options.
Participant accounts
Each participants account is credited with the participants contributions and allocations of 1) the Employers contributions, 2) investment earnings, and 3) administrative expenses. Allocations are based on the participants earnings or account balances, as defined. The benefit to which a participant is entitled is the benefit that can be provided from the participants vested account.
Vesting
A participant is fully and immediately vested for voluntary, rollover, and Employer matching contributions provided after December 31, 2004, and is credited with a year of vesting service in the Employers other contributions for each Plan year that the participant is credited with at least 500 hours of service.
A summary of vesting percentages relating to Employers matching contributions provided prior to December 31, 2004 follows:
Years of vested service |
Percentage | ||
Less than 1 year |
0 | % | |
1 year |
20 | ||
2 years |
40 | ||
3 years |
60 | ||
4 years |
80 | ||
5 years |
100 |
6
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
A summary of vesting percentages relating to the Employers Profit Sharing Contributions follows:
For all associates employed subsequent to or as of January 1, 2007:
Years of vested service |
Percentage | ||
Less than 3 years |
0 | % | |
3 years |
100 |
For all other associates:
Years of vested service |
Percentage | ||
Less than 5 years |
0 | % | |
5 years |
100 |
Payment of benefits
The full value of participants accounts becomes payable upon retirement, disability, or death. Upon termination of employment for any other reason, participants accounts, to the extent vested, become payable. Those participants with vested account balances greater than $1,000 have the option of leaving their accounts invested in the Plan until age 70 1/2. All benefits will be paid as a lump-sum distribution. Those participants holding shares of Employer Securities will have the option of receiving such amounts in whole shares of Employer Securities and cash for any fractional shares. Participants have the option of having their benefit paid directly to an eligible retirement plan or individual retirement account specified by the participant.
In service withdrawals
A participant may elect to withdraw an amount in cash from the participants after-tax account.
A participant, upon reaching age 59 1/2, may withdraw up to 100% of the participants vested account balance.
A participant may elect a hardship distribution due to an immediate and heavy financial need based on the terms of the Plan.
Participant loans
Participants are permitted to borrow from their account the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of the vested balance of their account with repayment made from payroll deductions. All loans become due and payable in full upon a participants termination of employment with the Employer. The borrowing is a separate earmarked investment of the participants account. Interest on the borrowing is based on the prime interest rate as reported in the Wall Street Journal on the first business day of the calendar quarter in which the loan occurs plus one percent.
Amounts allocated to participants withdrawn from the Plan
There was $157,625 and $488,748 allocated, but not yet paid, to participants withdrawn from the Plan at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
7
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
Forfeitures
Forfeitures are used to reduce the Employer provided contributions. Forfeitures of $571,466 and $532,427 were used to reduce contributions for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. There were unused forfeitures at December 31, 2007 and 2006 of $65,761 and $2,740, respectively.
Expenses
Expenses of the Plan are deducted from participants accounts as follows:
1) participant fee of from $6.50 to $6.92 less a revenue credit each month for revenue received from the mutual funds and common collective funds offered in the Plan, 2) a $50 loan origination fee that is withheld from a loan check and a $2 per month maintenance fee, 3) the lesser of $35 or 10% of their vested account for distributions, 4) a fee of $100 per year if the participant uses the self directed brokerage option, and 5) trustee fees relating to the INVESCO Stable Value Trust investment which are paid by the Plan from earnings not allocated to participants accounts.
Brokerage fees, transfer taxes, and other expenses incurred in connection with the investment of the Plans assets will be added to the cost of investments purchased or deducted from the proceeds of investments sold.
Net transfer to plan
During 2007 the Employer acquired Abacus, formerly a division of DoubleClick Inc., and the net assets of the participants in the DoubleClick Inc. 401(k) Plan were merged into the Plan.
During 2006 the Employer acquired DoubleClick Email Solutions, formerly a division of DoubleClick Inc., and the net assets of the participants in the DoubleClick Inc. 401(k) Plan were merged into the Plan.
2. Summary of accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, including investment valuation and income recognition.
Estimates
The Plan prepares its financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of net assets available for Plan benefits at the date of the financial statements and the changes in net assets available for Plan benefits during the reporting period and, when applicable, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
8
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
Risks
The Plan provides for the various investment options as described in Note 1. Any investment is exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market and credit risks. These risks could result in a material effect on participants account balances and the amounts reported in the statements of net assets available for benefits and the statements of changes in net assets available for benefits.
Income recognition
Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date.
Investment valuation
Fair value of investments in mutual funds and common stocks are determined by quoted market price.
As required by Statement of Position No. 94-4-1, the Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits presents the fair value of the Plans investments in collective trusts which invest in fully benefit-responsive investment contracts with a corresponding adjustment to show these investments at the unit value as reported by such trusts. The value of each unit is determined by subtracting total liabilities from the total value of the assets, including accrued income, and dividing the amount remaining by the number of units outstanding on the valuation date. The Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits are prepared on a unit value basis of the investment; therefore there is no impact on the Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits.
Net appreciation in fair value of investments
Net realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is recorded in the accompanying statements of changes in net assets available for benefits as net appreciation in fair value of investments.
Benefit payments
Benefits are recorded when paid.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, The FASB issued Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (SFAS 157), Fair Value Measurements, SFAS 157 provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and only applies when other standards require or permit the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities. It does not expand the use of fair value measurement. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Plan does not believe the adoption of SFAS 157 will have a material impact on the financial statements.
9
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
3. Investments
Charles Schwab Trust Company as trustee of the Plan holds the Plans investments. Prior to April 1, 2007 The Nationwide Trust Company, FSB, was trustee.
The following table presents balances for 2007 and 2006 for the Plans current investments. Investments that represent five percent or more of the Plans net assets and Employer Securities are separately identified.
2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Investments at fair value as determined by: |
|||||||
Quoted market price |
|||||||
Common stock |
|||||||
Alliance Data Systems Corporation |
$ | 14,385,332 | $ | 9,618,006 | * | ||
Other |
1,614,788 | 1,080,435 | |||||
Shares of registered investment companies: |
|||||||
Dodge & Cox Stock Fund |
47,027,503 | 38,573,776 | |||||
American Funds EuroPacific Growth Fund |
43,672,173 | 30,207,292 | |||||
American Funds Growth Fund of America |
38,690,010 | 27,663,591 | |||||
Pimco Total Return Fund |
32,450,492 | 23,475,368 | |||||
Vanguard Institutional Index Fund |
22,680,431 | 21,362,328 | |||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund |
16,026,418 | | |||||
Royce Total Return Fund |
| 12,982,290 | |||||
Other |
17,153,139 | 12,866,052 | |||||
233,700,286 | 177,829,138 | ||||||
Estimated fair value |
|||||||
Units in common collective trust: |
|||||||
INVESCO Stable Value Trust |
33,015,396 | 32,370,136 | |||||
Other |
4,036,660 | | |||||
Participant loans |
5,559,611 | 4,721,947 | |||||
42,611,667 | 37,092,083 | ||||||
Total investments |
$ | 276,311,953 | $ | 214,921,221 | |||
* | Shown for comparison purposes only. |
During 2007 and 2006, the Plans investments (including investments bought, sold and held during each year) appreciated (depreciated) as follows:
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Investments at fair value as determined by: |
||||||
Quoted market price |
||||||
Shares of registered investment companies |
$ | 437,107 | $ | 12,405,311 | ||
Common Stock |
2,388,798 | 4,440,970 | ||||
Estimated fair value |
||||||
Common collective trust |
111,375 | | ||||
Net change in fair value |
$ | 2,937,280 | $ | 16,846,281 | ||
10
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
4. Tax status
The IRS has determined and informed the Employer by a letter dated August 10, 2006, that the Plan and related trust are designed in accordance with applicable requirements of the Code. Although the Plan has been amended since receiving the determination letter, the Plan Administrator believes that the Plan is designed and is currently being operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of the Code.
5. Plan administration
A committee comprised of members appointed by the board of directors of the Employer administers the Plan.
6. Plan termination
Although the Employer has not expressed any intent to do so, the Employer has the right under the Plan to discontinue its contributions at any time. The Employer has the right at any time, by action of its board of directors, to terminate the Plan subject to provisions of ERISA. Upon Plan termination or partial termination, participants will become fully vested in their accounts.
7. Party-in-interest
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Plans investment portfolio includes an investment in the Common Stock of Alliance Data Systems Corporation, a party-in-interest to the Plan.
The Plan has contracts with The 401(k) Company, a third party administrator and Charles Schwab Trust Company, trustee, both of which are affiliates of The Charles Schwab Corporation and receive fees for which the Plan is charged. Prior to The 401(k) Company being acquired by The Charles Schwab Corporation during 2007, they and the former trustee Nationwide Trust Company, FSB, both were affiliates of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company and received fees for which the Plan was charged.
During the year ended December 31, 2006 the Plan reimbursed the Employer $93,217 for fees they paid that are normally paid directly by the Plan.
8. Reconciliation of financial statements to Form 5500
The following is a reconciliation of net assets available for benefits per the financial statements to Form 5500:
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Net assets available for benefits per the financial statements |
$ | 283,769,651 | $ | 224,706,026 | ||||
Amounts allocated to withdrawing participants |
(157,625 | ) | (488,748 | ) | ||||
Excess contributions payable |
60,000 | 70,000 | ||||||
Net investment income difference between fair Value and contract value |
(238,883 | ) | (706,304 | ) | ||||
Net assets available for benefits per Form 5500 |
$ | 283,433,143 | $ | 223,580,974 | ||||
11
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006
The following is a reconciliation of benefit payments per the financial statements to Form 5500:
Benefit payments per the financial statements |
$ | 22,013,465 | ||
Amounts allocated to withdrawing participants |
||||
At December 31, 2007 |
157,625 | |||
At December 31, 2006 |
(488,748 | ) | ||
Benefit payments per Form 5500 |
$ | 21,682,342 | ||
The following is a reconciliation of the net increase in net assets available for benefits per the financial statement to Form 5500:
Net increase in net assets prior to transfers per the financial statements |
$ | 39,216,425 | ||
Net investment income difference between fair value and contract value |
467,421 | |||
Change in excess contributions payable |
(10,000 | ) | ||
Amounts allocated to withdrawing participants: |
||||
At December 31, 2007 |
(157,625 | ) | ||
At December 31, 2006 |
488,748 | |||
Net income per Form 5500 |
$ | 40,004,969 | ||
12
Alliance Data Systems 401(k) and Retirement Savings Plan
Ein #13-3163498 Plan #001
Schedule H, Line 4i
Schedule of Assets Held at End of Year
December 31, 2007
(a) |
(b) Identity of issuer, borrower, lessor, or similar party |
(c) Description of investment including maturity date, rate of interest, collateral, par or maturity value |
(d) (1) Cost |
(e) Current Value | |||||
* |
Alliance Data Systems Corporation | Common Stock 191,830 shares | $ | 14,385,332 | |||||
Dodge & Cox Stock Fund | Mutual fund 340,138 shares | 47,027,503 | |||||||
American Funds EuroPacific Growth Fund | Mutual fund 858,505 shares | 43,672,173 | |||||||
American Funds Growth Fund of America | Mutual fund 1,137,607 shares | 38,690,010 | |||||||
Pimco Total Return Fund | Mutual fund 3,035,593 shares | 32,450,492 | |||||||
Vanguard Institutional Index Fund | Mutual fund 169,080 shares | 22,680,431 | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund | Mutual fund 1,182,761 shares | 16,026,418 | |||||||
Old Mutual Copper Rock Emerging Growth | Mutual fund 799,578 shares | 10,410,501 | |||||||
Legg Mason Value Trust Fund | Mutual fund 79,683 shares | 5,474,205 | |||||||
Federated Capital Reserve | Mutual fund 17,197 shares | 17,197 | |||||||
INVESCO Stable Value Trust | Common collective trust 33,247,125 units | 33,015,396 | |||||||
Wells Fargo Stable Value Fund C | Common collective trust 72,168 units | 3,068,218 | |||||||
* |
The Charles Schwab Stable Value Fund | Common collective trust 55,087 units | 968,442 | ||||||
Self Directed Brokerage Accounts | 2,866,024 | ||||||||
* |
Participant Loans | 5.00% - 10.00% | | 5,559,611 |
* | Represents a party-in-interest |
(1) | Cost information omitted investment is part of individual account plan that a participant or beneficiary directed with respect to assets allocated to his or her account. |
The notes to the financial statements are an integral part of this schedule.
13
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the trustees (or other persons who administer the employee benefit plan) have duly caused this annual report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Date: June 30, 2008
ALLIANCE DATA SYSTEMS 401(k) AND RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLAN | ||
By: | /s/ Dwayne H. Tucker | |
Dwayne H. Tucker | ||
Executive Vice President, Human Resources and President, Transaction Services and Member of the Benefits Administration Committee |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
* 23 |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
* | filed herewith |